《 Java并发编程的艺术》之并发编程的挑战之多线程一定比单线程快吗（第一章）

答案当然是否定的，我们可以先来看一下下面这个程序

package com;

/**
 * @author
 * @description 多线程的测试
 * @data 2022/2/10
 */
public class ConcurrencyTest {
    private static final long count = 10000l;
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        concurrency();
        serial();
    }
    private static void concurrency() throws InterruptedException {
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                int a = 0;
                for (long i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                    a += 5;
                }
            }
        });
        thread.start();
        int b = 0;
        for (long i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            b--;
        }
        long time = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
        thread.join();
        System.out.println("concurrency :" + time+"ms,b="+b);
    }
    private static void serial() {
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        int a = 0;
        for (long i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            a += 5;
        }
        int b = 0;
        for (long i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            b--;
        }
        long time = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
        System.out.println("serial:" + time+"ms,b="+b+",a="+a);
    }
}

输出的结果如下

 从这里可以看出来多线程不一定比单线程快的

 从表中可以发现，当并发执行累加操作不超过百万次时，速度会比串行执行累加操作要 慢。那么，为什么并发执行的速度会比串行慢呢？这是因为线程有创建和上下文切换的开销。