5.4-2

$记M_i=\frac{b!}{(b-i)!b^i}$
设投入i+1个球时结束，则$P_i=M_i-M_{i+1}$
$E=\sum_{i=1}^{b}(i+1)P_i=\sum_{i=1}^{b}(i+1)(M_i-M_{i+1})$
$\ \ =M_1+\sum_{i=1}^bM_i-(b+1)M_{b+1}$
注意到$M_1=1,M_{b+1}=0$
故$E=1+\sum_{i=1}^bM_i$