1、next
def m1
puts"m1 begin"
m2 do
puts"block begin"
next#next的作用是中断本block的执行,跳至它的调用方法(本例中是m2)中
puts"block end"
end
puts"m1 end"
end
def m2
puts"m2 begin"
yield
puts"m2 end"
end
m1
输出:
m1 begin
m2 begin
block begin
m2 end
m1 end
2、break
def m1
puts"m1 begin"
m2 do
puts"block begin"
break#break的作用是中断本block的调用方法(本例中是m2)的执行,跳至调用“本block的调用方法”的方法(本例中是m1)中
puts"block end"
end
puts"m1 end"
end
def m2
puts"m2 begin"
yield
puts"m2 end"
end
m1
输出:
m1 begin
m2 begin
block begin
m1 end
3、return
def m1
puts"m1 begin"
m2 do
puts"block begin"
return#return的作用是中断“调用'本block的调用方法'的方法(本例中是m1)”
puts"block end"
end
puts"m1 end"
end
def m2
puts"m2 begin"
yield
puts"m2 end"
end
m1
输出:
m1 begin
m2 begin
block begin
另外,需要对return进行补充说明下:我认为return更准确的作用是“跳出‘定义它的作用域’”,与‘调用它(的时候)的作用域’无关。(P.S:我的理解是对的,可以参见《Ruby元编程》中文版的P90)
下面是<Programming Ruby (Second Edition)> P343 的英文描述:
A return from inside a block that's still in scope acts as return from that scope.
A return from a block whose original context is not longer valid raises an exception(LocalJumpError or ThreadError depending on the context).
下面是3个例子,第一个成功,剩下的两个报错:
一个成功的例子:
def meth1
(1..10).each do |val|
return val #returns from method
end
end
meth1 #->1
一个失败的例子,因为这个block的上下文已经不存在了:
def meth2(&b)
b
end
res = meth2{return}
res.call #unexpected return (LocalJumpError)
又一个失败的例子,因为block的创建线程和调用线程不同:
def meth3
yield
end
t = Thread.new do
meth3 {return} #return can't jump across threads (ThreadError)
end
t.join
最后是我写的一个调用失败的例子:
def m1(&b)
m2 &b
end
def m2
yield
end
m1{return;} #unexpected return (LocalJumpError)