设置32bit数的位域

操作寄存器的时候，经常需要获取或设置寄存器某些bit的值，为了方便，可以定义如下的宏

方法1：

#define GETBITFIELD(ulRegVal, ulOffset, ulBitWidth)  \
	(((ulRegVal)>>(ulOffset)) & ((1UL << (ulBitWidth)) - 1))

#define SETBITFIELD(ulRegVal, ulOffset, ulBitWidth, ulChangeVal)  \
	((ulRegVal) & (~(((1UL << (ulBitWidth))-1) << ulOffset))       \
    | (((ulChangeVal)&((1UL << (ulBitWidth)) - 1))<<(ulOffset)))

方法2：

#define GETPOS(ulField)    ((unsigned short)(ulField)>>8)
#define GETWIDTH(ulField)  ((unsigned short)(ulField) & 0xff)

#define GETBITFIELD(ulRegVal, ulField)  \
		( ((ulRegVal) >> GETPOS(ulField)) & (0xffffffff >> 32-GETWIDTH(ulField)) )

#define SETBITFIELD(ulRegVal, ulField, ulChangeVal)  \
	(((ulRegVal) & ~((0xffffffff >> 32-GETWIDTH(ulField)) << GETPOS(ulField)))   \
    | ( ((ulChangeVal) & (0xffffffff >> 32-GETWIDTH(ulField))) << GETPOS(ulField) ))

/************************************************************************/
/* 使用方式；要自己保证传入的正确性                                                */
/************************************************************************/
unsigned int n = 0xffff;
printf("\r\n0x%x", GETBITFIELD(n, ((1<<8) | 3)));		
n = SETBITFIELD(n, ((4<<8) | 1), 0);
n = SETBITFIELD(n, ((5<<8) | 2), 2);
printf("\r\n0x%x", n);

使用宏而不是函数的原因是函数有额外的开销；

扩展一下，使之可以操作64bit数

#define GETBITFIELD64(RegVal, ulField)  \
	( ((RegVal) >> GETPOS(ulField)) & ((unsigned __int64)(-1) >> 64-GETWIDTH(ulField)) )

#define SETBITFIELD64(RegVal, ulField, ChangeVal)  \
	(((RegVal) & ~(((unsigned __int64)(-1) >> 64-GETWIDTH(ulField)) << GETPOS(ulField)))   \
	| ( ((ChangeVal) & ((unsigned __int64)(-1) >> 64-GETWIDTH(ulField))) << GETPOS(ulField) ))