explicit关键字的实践学习

explicit 关键字的主要作用就是防止定义对象时的隐式转换。下面的代码如果去掉explicit则可以通过编译运行。

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Explicit_learn {
public:
    //explicit
    explicit Explicit_learn(int parm = 0, double final = 0) {
        score = parm;
        final_score = final;
    }
    void outScore(ostream &out) const {
        out << "score is : " << score << endl;
        out << "final_score is : " << final_score << endl;
    }
private:
    int score;
    double final_score;
};

int main() {
    Explicit_learn huan = 25.9;
    Explicit_learn jarek(13, 25); 
    jarek.outScore(cout);
    huan.outScore(cout);
    return 0;

}

如果对于一个需要类类型参数的函数，如果想传值时进行隐式转换，那么构造函数就不能用explicit进行声明。

还有一个需要注意的问题，就是如果想进行类似代码中的转换，需要通过传值调用(pass-by-value)或者是传常引用(pass-by-const reference),如代码中所示

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Explicit_learn {
public:
    //explicit
    Explicit_learn(int parm = 0, double final = 0) {
        score = parm;
        final_score = final;
    } 
    /*
    Explicit_learn(double final = 0, int parm = 0) {
        score = parm;
        final_score = final;
    }
    */
    void outScore(ostream &out) const {
        out << "score is : " << score << endl;
        out << "final_score is : " << final_score << endl;
    }
private:
    int score;
    double final_score;
};
void outExp(Explicit_learn rhs) {
    rhs.outScore(cout);
}
//========================================== 
//这个函数无法实现想要的结果
void outExp_ref(Explicit_learn &rhs) {
    rhs.outScore(cout);
}
void outExp_cref(const Explicit_learn &rhs) {
    rhs.outScore(cout);
}
int main() {
    Explicit_learn huan = 25.9;
    Explicit_learn jarek(50); 
    //huan.outScore(cout);
    //jarek.outScore(cout);
    outExp(huan);
    outExp(13);
    outExp_cref(huan);
    outExp_cref(14);
    outExp(jarek);
    outExp(20);
    outExp_cref(jarek);
    outExp_cref(21);
    return 0;

}