Android中的Bluetooth详解

 

基础：

 这篇文档描述了怎么使用Android Bluetooth APIs完成数据交换的四个主要的任务：创建Bluetooth,找到本地区域可用的蓝牙设备或匹配的蓝牙设备，连接设备，传输数据。

所有的Bluetooth APIs都在android.bluetooth包下。下面是创建蓝牙连接需要实现的类和接口：

BluetoothAdapter：

       表示本地的蓝牙适配器。BluetoothAdapter是所有蓝牙交换的接入点。使用它，你可以发现其他的蓝牙设备，查找一些匹配的设备，用MAC地址来实例化一个BluetoothDevice。创建一个BluetoothServerSocket来监听其他设备，进而和它们进行通信。

BluetoothDevice：

       表示远程的蓝牙设备。用它通过BluetoothSocket来请求与远程的设备进行连接。后者查询设备的基本信息，例如名称，地址，类或者结合的状态。

BluetoothSocket：

      表示一个Bluetooth socket接口（与TCP socket相似）。它是一个连接点，运行设备通过InputStream和OutputStream的形式来交换数据。

BluetoothServiceSocket：

     表示一个打开服务socket，用来监听收到的请求（与TCP server socket相似）。为了连接设备，一个设备必须打开服务socket。当一个远程的设备请求连接的时候，当连接被接收的时候，BluetoothServiceSocket返回一个BluetoothSocket。

BluetoothClass:

    描述蓝牙设备的一般特征和性能。这是个只读的一系列属性。定义了主要和最小的设备类和服务。然而，它描述的设备属性和和服务是不完全可靠的，但是，在表示设备类型时，它是有用的。

BluetoothProfile：

     一个代表蓝牙属性的接口。指基于无线蓝牙交流的无线接口规则。

BluetoothHeadset:

    提供在手机手机上使用蓝牙耳机的支持。

BluetoothA2dp:

     定义什么样的数据可以在蓝牙之间传递。

BluetoothProfiles.ServiceListener:

    当蓝牙设备连接或者断开时，用它来通知BluetoothProfiles IPC客户端。它是一个接口。

蓝牙权限：

     为了使用蓝牙，你必须在你的应用程序中声明权限。

<manifest ... >
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
  ...
</manifest>

两种权限：BLUETOOTH和BLUETOOTH ADMIN.

当使用BLUETOOTH ADMIN时，一定要声明BLUETOOTH。

创建Bluetooth：

  1.得到BluetoothAdaper。

   BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
 if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {
    // Device does not support Bluetooth
}

如何不为null，说明本机可用蓝牙设备。

   2.使用Bluetooth。

    if (mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
    Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
    startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);
}

查看匹配的设备：

 Set<BluetoothDevice> pairedDevices = mBluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices();
// If there are paired devices
if (pairedDevices.size() > 0) {
    // Loop through paired devices
    for (BluetoothDevice device : pairedDevices) {
        // Add the name and address to an array adapter to show in a ListView
        mArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress());
    }
}

发现设备:

// Create a BroadcastReceiver for ACTION_FOUND
private final BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        String action = intent.getAction();
        // When discovery finds a device
        if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {
            // Get the BluetoothDevice object from the Intent
            BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
            // Add the name and address to an array adapter to show in a ListView
            mArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress());
        }
    }
};
// Register the BroadcastReceiver
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter); // Don't forget to unregister during onDestroy

连接设备：

做为一个服务者：

    public AcceptThread() {
        // Use a temporary object that is later assigned to mmServerSocket,
        // because mmServerSocket is final
        BluetoothServerSocket tmp = null;
        try {
            // MY_UUID is the app's UUID string, also used by the client code
            tmp = mBluetoothAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(NAME, MY_UUID);
        } catch (IOException e) { }
        mmServerSocket = tmp;
    }
 
    public void run() {
        BluetoothSocket socket = null;
        // Keep listening until exception occurs or a socket is returned
        while (true) {
            try {
                socket = mmServerSocket.accept();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                break;
            }
            // If a connection was accepted
            if (socket != null) {
                // Do work to manage the connection (in a separate thread)
                manageConnectedSocket(socket);
                mmServerSocket.close();
                break;
            }
        }
    }
 
    /** Will cancel the listening socket, and cause the thread to finish */
    public void cancel() {
        try {
            mmServerSocket.close();
        } catch (IOException e) { }
    }
}

做为客户端：

private class ConnectThread extends Thread {
    private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;
    private final BluetoothDevice mmDevice;
 
    public ConnectThread(BluetoothDevice device) {
        // Use a temporary object that is later assigned to mmSocket,
        // because mmSocket is final
        BluetoothSocket tmp = null;
        mmDevice = device;
 
        // Get a BluetoothSocket to connect with the given BluetoothDevice
        try {
            // MY_UUID is the app's UUID string, also used by the server code
            tmp = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID);
        } catch (IOException e) { }
        mmSocket = tmp;
    }
 
    public void run() {
        // Cancel discovery because it will slow down the connection
        mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
 
        try {
            // Connect the device through the socket. This will block
            // until it succeeds or throws an exception
            mmSocket.connect();
        } catch (IOException connectException) {
            // Unable to connect; close the socket and get out
            try {
                mmSocket.close();
            } catch (IOException closeException) { }
            return;
        }
 
        // Do work to manage the connection (in a separate thread)
        manageConnectedSocket(mmSocket);
    }
 
    /** Will cancel an in-progress connection, and close the socket */
    public void cancel() {
        try {
            mmSocket.close();
        } catch (IOException e) { }
    }
}

管理连接:

private class ConnectedThread extends Thread {
    private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;
    private final InputStream mmInStream;
    private final OutputStream mmOutStream;
 
    public ConnectedThread(BluetoothSocket socket) {
        mmSocket = socket;
        InputStream tmpIn = null;
        OutputStream tmpOut = null;
 
        // Get the input and output streams, using temp objects because
        // member streams are final
        try {
            tmpIn = socket.getInputStream();
            tmpOut = socket.getOutputStream();
        } catch (IOException e) { }
 
        mmInStream = tmpIn;
        mmOutStream = tmpOut;
    }
 
    public void run() {
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];  // buffer store for the stream
        int bytes; // bytes returned from read()
 
        // Keep listening to the InputStream until an exception occurs
        while (true) {
            try {
                // Read from the InputStream
                bytes = mmInStream.read(buffer);
                // Send the obtained bytes to the UI Activity
                mHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_READ, bytes, -1, buffer)
                        .sendToTarget();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                break;
            }
        }
    }
 
    /* Call this from the main Activity to send data to the remote device */
    public void write(byte[] bytes) {
        try {
            mmOutStream.write(bytes);
        } catch (IOException e) { }
    }
 
    /* Call this from the main Activity to shutdown the connection */
    public void cancel() {
        try {
            mmSocket.close();
        } catch (IOException e) { }
    }
}