在linux中安装mysql5.6，设置开机自启，设置utf-8编码，Navicat能访问

1.检测系统是否自带安装mysql
    # yum list installed | grep mysql

2.如果发现有系统自带mysql，删除
    # yum -y remove mysql-libs.x86_64

3.随便在你存放文件的目录下执行，mysql5.6只有79M大，
    # wget http://repo.mysql.com/mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm
    [root@localhost local]# wget http://repo.mysql.com/mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm
    --2018-08-23 13:12:27--  http://repo.mysql.com/mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm
    Resolving repo.mysql.com... 2.21.22.184
    Connecting to repo.mysql.com|2.21.22.184|:80... connected.
    HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
    Length: 5824 (5.7K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]
    Saving to: “mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm”        

    100%[======================================>] 5,824       --.-K/s   in 0s      

    2018-08-23 13:12:27 (930 MB/s) - “mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm” saved [5824/5824]

4.接着执行这句,解释一下，这个rpm还不是mysql的安装文件，只是两个yum源文件
    # rpm -ivh mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm
    Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
    1:mysql-community-release########################################### [100%]

5.用yum repolist mysql这个命令查看一下是否已经有mysql可安装文件
    #yum repolist all | grep mysql
    mysql-connectors-community        MySQL Connectors Community      enabled:    59
    mysql-connectors-community-source MySQL Connectors Community - So disabled
    mysql-tools-community             MySQL Tools Community           enabled:    65
    mysql-tools-community-source      MySQL Tools Community - Source  disabled
    mysql55-community                 MySQL 5.5 Community Server      disabled
    mysql55-community-source          MySQL 5.5 Community Server - So disabled
    mysql56-community                 MySQL 5.6 Community Server      enabled:   453
    mysql56-community-source          MySQL 5.6 Community Server - So disabled
    mysql57-community-dmr             MySQL 5.7 Community Server Deve disabled
    mysql57-community-dmr-source      MySQL 5.7 Community Server Deve disabled
    
6.安装mysql 服务器命令（一路yes）：
    # yum install mysql-community-server
    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
    Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
     * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
     * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
     * updates: mirrors.cn99.com
    Setting up Install Process
    Resolving Dependencies
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.41-2.el6 will be installed
    --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.6.41-2.el6 for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.41-2.el6.x86_64
    --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.6.10 for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.41-2.el6.x86_64
    --> Processing Dependency: perl(DBI) for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.41-2.el6.x86_64
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.41-2.el6 will be installed
    --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 5.6.10 for package: mysql-community-client-5.6.41-2.el6.x86_64
    ---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.41-2.el6 will be installed
    ---> Package perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.609-4.el6 will be installed
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.41-2.el6 will be installed
    --> Finished Dependency Resolution

    Dependencies Resolved

    ================================================================================
     Package                   Arch      Version         Repository            Size
    ================================================================================
    Installing:
     mysql-community-server    x86_64    5.6.41-2.el6    mysql56-community     55 M
    Installing for dependencies:
     mysql-community-client    x86_64    5.6.41-2.el6    mysql56-community     18 M
     mysql-community-common    x86_64    5.6.41-2.el6    mysql56-community    308 k
     mysql-community-libs      x86_64    5.6.41-2.el6    mysql56-community    1.9 M
     perl-DBI                  x86_64    1.609-4.el6     base                 705 k

    Transaction Summary
    ================================================================================
    Install       5 Package(s)

    Total download size: 75 M
    Installed size: 337 M
    Is this ok [y/N]: y
    Downloading Packages:
    (1/5): mysql-community-client-5.6.41-2.el6.x86_64.rpm    |  18 MB     00:03     
    (2/5): mysql-community-common-5.6.41-2.el6.x86_64.rpm    | 308 kB     00:00     
    (3/5): mysql-community-libs-5.6.41-2.el6.x86_64.rpm      | 1.9 MB     00:00     
    (4/5): mysql-community-server-5.6.41-2.el6.x86_64.rpm    |  55 MB     00:08     
    (5/5): perl-DBI-1.609-4.el6.x86_64.rpm                   | 705 kB     00:00     
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total                                           5.6 MB/s |  75 MB     00:13     
    warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
    Retrieving key from file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
    Importing GPG key 0x5072E1F5:
     Userid : MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>
     Package: mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch (installed)
     From   : file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
    Is this ok [y/N]: y
    warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
    Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
    Importing GPG key 0xC105B9DE:
     Userid : CentOS-6 Key (CentOS 6 Official Signing Key) <centos-6-key@centos.org>
     Package: centos-release-6-4.el6.centos.10.x86_64 (@anaconda-CentOS-201303020151.x86_64/6.4)
     From   : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
    Is this ok [y/N]: y
    Running rpm_check_debug
    Running Transaction Test
    Transaction Test Succeeded
    Running Transaction
    Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
      Installing : mysql-community-common-5.6.41-2.el6.x86_64                   1/5
      Installing : mysql-community-libs-5.6.41-2.el6.x86_64                     2/5
      Installing : mysql-community-client-5.6.41-2.el6.x86_64                   3/5
      Installing : perl-DBI-1.609-4.el6.x86_64                                  4/5
      Installing : mysql-community-server-5.6.41-2.el6.x86_64                   5/5
      Verifying  : mysql-community-server-5.6.41-2.el6.x86_64                   1/5
      Verifying  : perl-DBI-1.609-4.el6.x86_64                                  2/5
      Verifying  : mysql-community-client-5.6.41-2.el6.x86_64                   3/5
      Verifying  : mysql-community-libs-5.6.41-2.el6.x86_64                     4/5
      Verifying  : mysql-community-common-5.6.41-2.el6.x86_64                   5/5

    Installed:
      mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.41-2.el6                                  

    Dependency Installed:
      mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.41-2.el6                                  
      mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.41-2.el6                                  
      mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.41-2.el6                                    
      perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.609-4.el6                                                 

    Complete!
    
7.安装成功后
    # service mysqld start
    Initializing MySQL database:  2018-08-23 13:16:31 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
    2018-08-23 13:16:31 0 [Note] Ignoring --secure-file-priv value as server is running with --bootstrap.
    2018-08-23 13:16:31 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.41) starting as process 3006 ...
    2018-08-23 13:16:31 3006 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
    2018-08-23 13:16:31 3006 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
    2018-08-23 13:16:31 3006 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
    2018-08-23 13:16:31 3006 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used
    2018-08-23 13:16:31 3006 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
    2018-08-23 13:16:31 3006 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
    2018-08-23 13:16:31 3006 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
    2018-08-23 13:16:31 3006 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
    2018-08-23 13:16:31 3006 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
    2018-08-23 13:16:31 3006 [Note] InnoDB: The first specified data file ./ibdata1 did not exist: a new database to be created!
    2018-08-23 13:16:31 3006 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file ./ibdata1 size to 12 MB
    2018-08-23 13:16:31 3006 [Note] InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...
    2018-08-23 13:16:31 3006 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile101 size to 48 MB
    2018-08-23 13:16:31 3006 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 48 MB
    2018-08-23 13:16:31 3006 [Note] InnoDB: Renaming log file ./ib_logfile101 to ./ib_logfile0
    2018-08-23 13:16:31 3006 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45781
    2018-08-23 13:16:31 3006 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer not found: creating new
    2018-08-23 13:16:31 3006 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer created
    2018-08-23 13:16:31 3006 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
    2018-08-23 13:16:31 3006 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
    2018-08-23 13:16:31 3006 [Note] InnoDB: Foreign key constraint system tables created
    2018-08-23 13:16:31 3006 [Note] InnoDB: Creating tablespace and datafile system tables.
    2018-08-23 13:16:31 3006 [Note] InnoDB: Tablespace and datafile system tables created.
    2018-08-23 13:16:31 3006 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
    2018-08-23 13:16:31 3006 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.41 started; log sequence number 0
    2018-08-23 13:16:31 3006 [Note] Binlog end
    2018-08-23 13:16:31 3006 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
    2018-08-23 13:16:31 3006 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
    2018-08-23 13:16:33 3006 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625977


    2018-08-23 13:16:33 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
    2018-08-23 13:16:33 0 [Note] Ignoring --secure-file-priv value as server is running with --bootstrap.
    2018-08-23 13:16:33 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.41) starting as process 3028 ...
    2018-08-23 13:16:33 3028 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages
    2018-08-23 13:16:33 3028 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
    2018-08-23 13:16:33 3028 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
    2018-08-23 13:16:33 3028 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used
    2018-08-23 13:16:33 3028 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
    2018-08-23 13:16:33 3028 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
    2018-08-23 13:16:33 3028 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
    2018-08-23 13:16:33 3028 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
    2018-08-23 13:16:33 3028 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
    2018-08-23 13:16:33 3028 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
    2018-08-23 13:16:33 3028 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.
    2018-08-23 13:16:33 3028 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
    2018-08-23 13:16:33 3028 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.41 started; log sequence number 1625977
    2018-08-23 13:16:33 3028 [Note] Binlog end
    2018-08-23 13:16:33 3028 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
    2018-08-23 13:16:33 3028 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
    2018-08-23 13:16:35 3028 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625987




    PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
    To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:

      /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
      /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h localhost.localdomain password 'new-password'

    Alternatively you can run:

      /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation

    which will also give you the option of removing the test
    databases and anonymous user created by default.  This is
    strongly recommended for production servers.

    See the manual for more instructions.

    Please report any problems at http://bugs.mysql.com/

    The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at

      http://www.mysql.com

    Support MySQL by buying support/licenses at http://shop.mysql.com

    Note: new default config file not created.
    Please make sure your config file is current

    WARNING: Default config file /etc/my.cnf exists on the system
    This file will be read by default by the MySQL server
    If you do not want to use this, either remove it, or use the
    --defaults-file argument to mysqld_safe when starting the server

                                                               [  OK  ]
    Starting mysqld:                                           [  OK  ]

8.由于mysql刚刚安装完的时候，mysql的root用户的密码默认是空的，所以我们需要及时用mysql的root用户登录
（第一次回车键，不用输入密码），并修改密码
# mysql -u root
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
    Your MySQL connection id is 2
    Server version: 5.6.41 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

    Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

    Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    owners.

    Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
    
# use mysql;
    Reading table information for completion of table and column names
    You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

    Database changed

# update user set password=PASSWORD("这里输入root用户密码") where User='root';
    Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.02 sec)
    Rows matched: 4  Changed: 4  Warnings: 0

# flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

9.查看mysql是否自启动,这里是在linux中执行的并且设置开启自启动命令
# chkconfig --list | grep mysqld
    mysqld          0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

10.设置开机启动
# chkconfig mysqld on
    mysqld          0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
    
11.使用mysql -u root -p输入密码进入mysql，查看mysql编码
mysql> show variables like 'character%';
    +--------------------------+----------------------------+
    | Variable_name            | Value                      |
    +--------------------------+----------------------------+
    | character_set_client     | utf8                       |
    | character_set_connection | utf8                       |
    | character_set_database   | latin1                     |
    | character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
    | character_set_results    | utf8                       |
    | character_set_server     | latin1                     |
    | character_set_system     | utf8                       |
    | character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
    +--------------------------+----------------------------+
    8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

12.退出mysql，关闭mysql
mysql> exit
Bye
[root@localhost local]# service mysqld stop

13.修改vi /etc/my.cnf
[root@localhost local]# vi /etc/my.cnf
在文件中添加下面这段代码
    [client]
    default_character_set=utf8
    [mysqld]
    collation_server = utf8_general_ci
    character_set_server = utf8

14.启动mysql
[root@localhost local]# service mysqld start
    Starting mysqld:                                           [  OK  ]

15.进入mysql
[root@localhost local]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.41 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

//查看mysql编码
mysql> show variables like 'character%';

亲测有效，

完美解决MySQL Access denied for user 'root'@'IP地址' 问题  解决远程链接
1、mysql -u root -p 登陆进MYSQL；

2、执行以下命令：

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'your name'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'your password' WITH GRANT OPTION;

数据库导入问题

1、首先建空数据库
    mysql>create database dbname ;
    2、导入数据库
    方法一：
    （1）选择数据库
    mysql>use dbname ;
    （2）设置数据库编码
    mysql>set names utf8;
    （3）导入数据（注意sql文件的路径）
    mysql>source /home/xxxx/dbname.sql;
    方法二：
    mysql -u用户名 -p密码 数据库名 < 数据库名.sql

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'luxing' with grant option;
flush privileges;
3、exit;

4、[root@localhost bin]# service mysqld restart

使用navicat链接linux的mysql数据库，测试可以连接