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👉点击跳转到教程
前言：
首先了解Retrofit注解，以下注解本人都会讲到.
1、首先在Android项目中引入需要的依赖
implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.9.0'
implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.9.0'
2、创建一个单例类，返回Retrofit对象
public class RetrofitManager {
private RetrofitManager() {
}
/**
* 1.首先使用Retrofit.Builder来构建一个Retrofit对象，
* 2.baseUrl()方法用于指定所有Retrofit请求的根路径
* 3.addConverterFactory()方法用于指定Retrofit在解析数据时所使用的转换库，这里指定成GsonConverterFactory
* 用的是Gson库
*/
public static Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
.baseUrl("http://192.168.5.171:9102")
.addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
.build();
public static Retrofit getRetrofit() {
return retrofit;
}
}
3、创建对应的接口Api，写对应的请求方法和参数
public interface Api {
@GET("/get/text")
Call<JsonResult> getJson();
@GET("/get/param")
Call<ParamModel> getParam(@Query("keyword") String keyword,
@Query("page") int page,
@Query("order") int order);
@GET("/get/param")
Call<ParamModel> getParamQueryMap(@QueryMap Map<String, Object> queryMap);
@POST("/post/string")
Call<PostParamModel> getPostQuery(@Query("string") String string);
@POST
Call<PostParamModel> postParamUrl(@Url String url);
@POST("/post/comment")
Call<PostParamModel> postWithBody(@Body CommentBody body);
/**
* @Part 和 @Multipart结合使用 一般用于上传文件
*/
@Multipart
@POST("/file/upload")
Call<PostParamModel> postUploadFile(@Part MultipartBody.Part part, @Header("token") String token);
/**
* @Part 和 @Multipart结合使用 一般用于上传文件
*/
@Headers({"token:398429865hdsfhaj", "client:Android", "version:1.1.0"})
@Multipart
@POST("/files/upload")
Call<PostParamModel> postUploadFiles(@Part ArrayList<MultipartBody.Part> parts);
/**
* @PartMap 一般用于上传文件和参数时使用。
*/
@Multipart
@POST("/file/params/upload")
Call<PostParamModel> postUploadFileWithParams(@Part MultipartBody.Part part,
@PartMap Map<String, Object> map,
@HeaderMap Map<String, String> headerMap);
@FormUrlEncoded
@POST("/login")
Call<PostParamModel> postLogin(@Field("userName") String userName,
@Field("password") String password);
@FormUrlEncoded
@POST("/login")
Call<PostParamModel> postLoginFileMap(@FieldMap Map<String, String> fieldMap);
@Streaming
@GET
Call<ResponseBody> downloadFile(@Url String url);
}
4、创建对应的activity_request.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto">
<data>
<variable
name="presenter"
type="com.example.customview.retrofit.RequestActivity.Presenter" />
</data>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_request"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:onClick="@{()->presenter.getWithParams()}"
android:text="getWithParams-@Query"
android:textAllCaps="false"
app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_request_query_map"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:onClick="@{()->presenter.getWithParamsQueryMap()}"
android:text="getWithParams-@QueryMap"
android:textAllCaps="false"
app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/btn_request" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_post_query"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:onClick="@{()->presenter.postParamQuery()}"
android:text="postWithParam-@Query"
android:textAllCaps="false"
app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/btn_request_query_map" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_post_url"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:onClick="@{()->presenter.postParamUrl()}"
android:text="postWithParam-@Url"
android:textAllCaps="false"
app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/btn_post_query" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_post_body"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:onClick="@{()->presenter.postWithBody()}"
android:text="postWithBody-@Body"
android:textAllCaps="false"
app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/btn_post_url" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_post_file"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:onClick="@{()->presenter.postUploadFile()}"
android:text="postUploadFile"
android:textAllCaps="false"
app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/btn_post_body" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_post_files"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:onClick="@{()->presenter.postUploadFiles()}"
android:text="postUploadFiles"
android:textAllCaps="false"
app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/btn_post_file" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_post_file_param"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:onClick="@{()->presenter.postUploadFileParams()}"
android:text="postUploadFileParams"
android:textAllCaps="false"
app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/btn_post_files" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_post_login"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:onClick="@{()->presenter.postLogin()}"
android:text="postLogin-@Field"
android:textAllCaps="false"
app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/btn_post_file_param" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_post_login_filed_map"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:onClick="@{()->presenter.postLoginFiledMap()}"
android:text="postUploadFileParams-@FieldMap"
android:textAllCaps="false"
app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/btn_post_login" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_post_down_load"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:onClick="@{()->presenter.downFile()}"
android:text="downFile"
android:textAllCaps="false"
app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/btn_post_login_filed_map" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
</layout>
5、在对应的Activity进行编码，注释已经给出
/**
* @Author: ly
* @Date: 2023/2/24
* @Description: Retrofit的使用
*/
public class RequestActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private static final String TAG = "RequestActivity";
private ActivityRequestBinding binding;
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_request);
binding.setPresenter(new Presenter());
}
private Api getApi() {
Retrofit retrofit = RetrofitManager.getRetrofit();
return retrofit.create(Api.class);
}
public class Presenter {
/**
* get请求,请求参数为@Query
*/
public void getWithParams() {
//1.创建retrofit对象
Api api = getApi();
//3.当调用了Api.getParam()方法，就回返回Call<ParamModel>对象
Call<ParamModel> call = api.getParam("测试", 10, 1);
/**
* 之后们再调用一下它的enqueue()方法Retrofit就会根据注解
* 中配置的服务器接口地址去进行网络请求了，服务器响应的数据会回调到enqueue()方法中传
* 入的Callback实现里面。需要注意的是，当发起请求的时候，Retrofit会自动在内部开启子线
* 程，当数据回调到Callback中之后，Retrofit又会自动切换回主线程，整个操作过程中我们都
* 不用考虑线程切换问题。在Callback的onResponse()方法中，调用response.body()方
* 法将会得到Retrofit解析后的对象，也就是ParamModel类型的数据。
*/
call.enqueue(new Callback<ParamModel>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(Call<ParamModel> call, Response<ParamModel> response) {
if (response.code() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
Log.i(TAG, "getWithParams: " + response.body());
}
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Call<ParamModel> call, Throwable t) {
}
});
}
/**
* get请求,请求参数为@QueryMap
*/
public void getWithParamsQueryMap() {
Api api = getApi();
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("keyword", "关键字");
map.put("page", 10);
map.put("order", 0);
Call<ParamModel> call = api.getParamQueryMap(map);
call.enqueue(new Callback<ParamModel>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(Call<ParamModel> call, Response<ParamModel> response) {
Log.i(TAG, "getWithParamsQueryMap: " + response.body());
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Call<ParamModel> call, Throwable t) {
}
});
}
/**
* post请求，请求参数为@Query
*/
public void postParamQuery() {
Api api = getApi();
Call<PostParamModel> call = api.getPostQuery("测试的新数据");
call.enqueue(new Callback<PostParamModel>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(Call<PostParamModel> call, Response<PostParamModel> response) {
if (response.code() == HttpsURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
Log.i(TAG, "postParamQuery: " + response.body());
}
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Call<PostParamModel> call, Throwable t) {
}
});
}
/**
* post请求，请求参数为@Url
*/
public void postParamUrl() {
String url = "post/string?string=Android开发";
Api api = getApi();
Call<PostParamModel> call = api.postParamUrl(url);
call.enqueue(new Callback<PostParamModel>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(Call<PostParamModel> call, Response<PostParamModel> response) {
if (response.code() == HttpsURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
Log.i(TAG, "postParamUrl: " + response.body());
}
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Call<PostParamModel> call, Throwable t) {
Log.i(TAG, "postParamUrl: " + t.toString());
}
});
}
/**
* post请求，请求参数注解@Body
*/
public void postWithBody() {
Api api = getApi();
CommentBody body = new CommentBody("45651", "这条评论非常不错！");
Call<PostParamModel> call = api.postWithBody(body);
call.enqueue(new Callback<PostParamModel>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(Call<PostParamModel> call, Response<PostParamModel> response) {
if (response.code() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
Log.i(TAG, "postWithBody: " + response.body());
}
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Call<PostParamModel> call, Throwable t) {
}
});
}
/**
* post请求，进行单文件上传
*/
public void postUploadFile() {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(RequestActivity.this, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageInfo.REQUESTED_PERMISSION_GRANTED
|| ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(RequestActivity.this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageInfo.REQUESTED_PERMISSION_GRANTED
) {
requestPermissions(new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, 200);
} else {
InputPicture();
}
} else {
InputPicture();
}
}
/**
* post请求，进行多文件上传
*/
public void postUploadFiles() {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(RequestActivity.this, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageInfo.REQUESTED_PERMISSION_GRANTED
|| ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(RequestActivity.this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageInfo.REQUESTED_PERMISSION_GRANTED
) {
requestPermissions(new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, 300);
} else {
postUploadImages();
}
} else {
postUploadImages();
}
}
/**
* 文件上传并携带参数
*/
public void postUploadFileParams() {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(RequestActivity.this, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageInfo.REQUESTED_PERMISSION_GRANTED
|| ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(RequestActivity.this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageInfo.REQUESTED_PERMISSION_GRANTED
) {
requestPermissions(new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, 400);
} else {
postUploadImageParams();
}
} else {
postUploadImageParams();
}
}
/**
* 登录
*/
public void postLogin() {
Call<PostParamModel> call = getApi().postLogin("Android开发", "a123456");
call.enqueue(new Callback<PostParamModel>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(Call<PostParamModel> call, Response<PostParamModel> response) {
if (HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK == response.code()) {
Log.i(TAG, "postLogin: " + response.body());
}
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Call<PostParamModel> call, Throwable t) {
Log.i(TAG, "onFailure: " + t.toString());
}
});
}
/**
* post请求进行登录，请求参数注解为@FieldMap
*/
public void postLoginFiledMap() {
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("userName", "Android开发者");
map.put("password", "a123456789");
Call<PostParamModel> call = getApi().postLoginFileMap(map);
call.enqueue(new Callback<PostParamModel>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(Call<PostParamModel> call, Response<PostParamModel> response) {
if (HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK == response.code()) {
Log.i(TAG, "onResponse: " + response.body());
}
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Call<PostParamModel> call, Throwable t) {
Log.i(TAG, "onResponse: " + t.toString());
}
});
}
/**
* 文件下载
*/
public void downFile() {
Call<ResponseBody> call = getApi().downloadFile("/download/11");
call.enqueue(new Callback<ResponseBody>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(Call<ResponseBody> call, Response<ResponseBody> response) {
if (HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK == response.code()) {
ResponseBody body = response.body();
//要知道文件名称
Headers headers = response.headers();
String fileNameHeader = headers.get("Content-disposition");
String fileName = "未命名.png";
if (fileName != null) {
fileName = fileNameHeader.replace("attachment; filename=", "");
Log.i(TAG, "fileName: " + fileName);
}
writeToDisk(response, fileName);
// for (int i = 0; i < headers.size(); i++) {
// String key = headers.name(i);
// String value = headers.value(i);
// Log.i(TAG, "key: " + key + " name:" + value);
// /**
// * 数据结果
// * key: Content-disposition name:attachment; filename=12.png
// * key: Content-Type name:application/x-msdownload
// * key: Content-Length name:66885
// * key: Date name:Sat, 25 Feb 2023 08:11:04 GMT
// */
// }
}
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Call<ResponseBody> call, Throwable t) {
Log.i(TAG, "onFailure: " + t.toString());
}
});
}
}
/**
* 下载的文件写入到指定的文件中
*
* @param response
* @param fileName
*/
private void writeToDisk(Response<ResponseBody> response, String fileName) {
String finalFileName = fileName;
new Thread(() -> {
InputStream inputStream = response.body().byteStream();
File file = getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES);
File outFile = new File(file, finalFileName);
Log.i(TAG, "file: " + file);
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = null;
try {
fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(outFile);
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
while ((len = inputStream.read(bytes)) != -1) {
fileOutputStream.write(bytes, 0, len);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
fileOutputStream.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}).start();
}
/**
* 文件上传携带参数
*/
private void postUploadImageParams() {
MultipartBody.Part part = createMultipartBodyPart("/sdcard/DCIM/Screenshots/Screenshot_2023-02-25-10-39-00-40_6ea35cac63846bc763be64f446db684d.jpg", "file");
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("description", "这是筱路上传的图片");
map.put("isFree", true);
Map<String, String> headerMap = new HashMap<>();
headerMap.put("token", "11111111111111111");
headerMap.put("client", "iPhone20");
headerMap.put("version", "1.0.2");
Call<PostParamModel> call = getApi().postUploadFileWithParams(part, map, headerMap);
call.enqueue(new Callback<PostParamModel>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(Call<PostParamModel> call, Response<PostParamModel> response) {
if (HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK == response.code()) {
Log.i(TAG, "postUploadImageParams: " + response.body());
}
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Call<PostParamModel> call, Throwable t) {
Log.i(TAG, "onFailure: " + t.toString());
}
});
}
/**
* 多文件上传
*/
private void postUploadImages() {
ArrayList<MultipartBody.Part> parts = new ArrayList<>();
MultipartBody.Part partOne = createMultipartBodyPart("/sdcard/DCIM/Screenshots/Screenshot_2023-02-04-15-01-55-68_abc7e8e26578fbac9cdf97e1ea2cd1b5.jpg", "files");
parts.add(partOne);
MultipartBody.Part partTwo = createMultipartBodyPart("/sdcard/DCIM/Screenshots/Screenshot_2023-02-20-18-19-34-49.jpg", "files");
parts.add(partTwo);
MultipartBody.Part partThree = createMultipartBodyPart("/sdcard/DCIM/Screenshots/Screenshot_2023-02-25-10-39-00-40_6ea35cac63846bc763be64f446db684d.jpg", "files");
parts.add(partThree);
Api api = getApi();
Call<PostParamModel> call = api.postUploadFiles(parts);
call.enqueue(new Callback<PostParamModel>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(Call<PostParamModel> call, Response<PostParamModel> response) {
Log.i(TAG, "code: " + response.code());
if (HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK == response.code()) {
Log.i(TAG, "postUploadImages: " + response.body());
}
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Call<PostParamModel> call, Throwable t) {
Log.i(TAG, "onFailure: " + t.toString());
}
});
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
if (requestCode == 200) {
InputPicture();
Log.i(TAG, "onRequestPermissionsResult: ");
} else if (requestCode == 300) {
postUploadImages();
} else if (requestCode == 400) {
postUploadImageParams();
}
}
/**
* 单文件上传
*
* @param picturePath 图片路径
*/
private void postUploadImage(String picturePath) {
Api api = getApi();
MultipartBody.Part part = createMultipartBodyPart(picturePath, "file");
Call<PostParamModel> call = api.postUploadFile(part, "asfsafklio349823727859");
call.enqueue(new Callback<PostParamModel>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(Call<PostParamModel> call, Response<PostParamModel> response) {
if (response.code() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
Log.i(TAG, "postUploadFile: " + response.body());
}
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Call<PostParamModel> call, Throwable t) {
Log.i(TAG, "onFailure: " + t.toString());
}
});
}
private MultipartBody.Part createMultipartBodyPart(String picturePath, String key) {
File file = new File(picturePath);
RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("image/jpg"), file);
return MultipartBody.Part.createFormData(key, file.getName(), body);
}
private void InputPicture() {
//Intent.ACTION_PICK 从数据中选择一个项目 (item)，将被选中的项目返回。
//MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI 获取外部的URI
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK, MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI);
//参数一:对应的数据的URI 参数二:使用该函数表示要查找文件的MIME类型
intent.setDataAndType(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "image/*");
startActivityForResult(intent, 1);
}
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
if (requestCode == 1 && resultCode == RESULT_OK && null != data) {
Uri selectedImage = data.getData();
String[] filePathColumn = {MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA};
Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(selectedImage, filePathColumn, null, null, null);
cursor.moveToFirst();
int columnIndex = cursor.getColumnIndex(filePathColumn[0]);
String picturePath = cursor.getString(columnIndex);
Log.e("TAG", "onActivityResult: " + picturePath);
postUploadImage(picturePath);
}
}
}
对应的Model就不给出了，需要的可以私信我要。
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