python学习笔记（13）append，extend，地图游戏

1、append，extend 用法

the_count   = [1,2,3,4,5]
fruits      = ["apples","oranges","pears","apricots"]
change      = [1,"pennies",2,"dimes",3,"quarters"]

#this first kind of for-loop goes through a list

for number in the_count:
    print("This is count %d" % number)

#same as above
for fruit in fruits:
    print("A fruit of type: %s" % fruit)

#also we can go through mixed lists too
#notice we have to use %r since we don't know what's in it
for i in change:
    print("I got %r" % i)

#we can also build lists, first start with an empty one
elements = []

#then use the range function to do 0 to 5 counts
for i in range(0,6):
    #循环显示括号里的数，但不包含最后一个数
    print("Adding %d to the list." % i)
    #append is a function that lists understand
    elements.append(i)#向列表的尾部添加一个新的元素。只接受一个参数

#now we can print them out too
for i in elements:
    print("Element was: %d" % i)

#列表是以类的形式实现的。“创建”列表实际上是将一个类实例化。因此，列表有多种方法可以操作。
#1.列表可包含任何数据类型的元素，单个列表中的元素无须全为同一类型。
#2.append() 方法向列表的尾部添加一个新的元素。只接受一个参数。
#3.extend() 方法只接受一个列表作为参数，并将该参数的每个元素都添加到原有的列表中。

# append()用法示例：
# mylist = [1,2,0,'abc']
# mylist.append(4)
# >>> mylist
# [1, 2, 0, 'abc', 4]

# extend()用法示例：
# mylist
# [1, 2, 0, 'abc', 4, 'haha']
# mylist.extend(['lulu'])
# mylist
# [1, 2, 0, 'abc', 4, 'haha', 'lulu']

# mylist.extend(['123123','lalalala'])
# mylist
# [1, 2, 0, 'abc', 4, 'haha', 'lulu', '123123', 'lalalala']


2、地图游戏，对函数的综合运用

from sys import exit

def gold_room():
    print("This room is full of gold. How much do you take?")
    next = input(">")
    if "0" in next or "1" in next:
        how_much = int(next)
    else:
        dead("Man, learn to type a number.")

    if how_much < 50:
        print("Nice, you're not greedy, you win!")
        exit(0)
    else:
        dead("You greedy bastard!")

def bear_room():
    print("There is a bear here.")
    print("The bear has a bunch of money.")
    print("The fat bear is in front of another door.")
    print("How are you going to move the bear?")
    bear_moved = False

    while True:
        next = input(">")

        if next == "take money":
            dead("The bear looks at you then slaps your face off.")
        elif next == "taunt bear" and not bear_moved:
            print("The bear has moved from the door.You can go through it now.")
            bear_moved = True
        elif next == "taunt bear" and bear_moved:
            dead("The bear gets pissed off and chews your leg off.")
        elif next == "open door" and bear_moved:
            gold_room()
        else:
            print("I got no idea what that means.")

def cthulhu_room():
    print("Here you see the great evil Cthulhu.")
    print("He,it,whatever stares at you and you go insane.")
    print("Do you flee for your life or eat your head?")

    next = input(">")

    if "flee" in next:
        start()
    elif "head" in next:
        dead("Well that was tasty!")
    else:
        cthulhu_room()

def dead(why):
    print(why,"Good job!")
    exit(0)

def start():
    print("You are in a dark room.")
    print("There is a door to your right and left.")
    print("Which one do you take?")

    next = input(">")

    if next == "left":
        bear_room()
    elif next == "right":
        cthulhu_room()
    else:
        dead("You stumble around the room until you starve.")

start()

#if语句永远要包含一个else
#如果else永远不应该执行到，那么在它后面加一个die函数，让它打印出错误信息并且“死”给你看
#if语句嵌套不要超过2层
#如果布尔测试很复杂，那就先把它们放到一个变量里，再引用变量
#只有永不停止循环才用while，大多数时候用for
#调试程序的办法是用print检查关键环节，而不是写完了再检查，应该做完一环节，检查一环节
#写代码之前，应该设计出流程地图
#先做小版本，再扩充它