如何在两层服务器的第二层Nginx上获取用户IP

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最新推荐文章于 2023-01-17 09:32:32 发布

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分类专栏：小知识 nginx 文章标签： nginx 服务器 proxy server 负载均衡限制

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/lu_gt/article/details/42718411

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如何在两层服务器的第二层Nginx上获取用户IP

一．之前在做nginx的服务器配置的时候遇到了一个问题，在之前服务器有用到一个限制客户端最大并发连接的功能，而且这个功能的实现是依靠在服务器中做

$remote-addr

这样的配置来达到的。但在增加了前端一层（负载、CDN、防火墙、安全服务）服务器之后，拿到的客户端IP就都变成了前端服务器的IP，而并非真是的用户IP地址。

二．这样的问题下，我又重新看了几次nginx官网的介绍，也发现其中另外一个特别重要的变量

$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for

这个变量是客户端访问请求中的X-forwarded-for 字段的值，如果请求中不包含这个字段，则自动用这个变量会等价于remote-addr这个变量。这允许我们获取HTTP请求中通常情况下前端服务器保存的客户真实IP地址的字段，通常就是我们说的X_FORWARDED_FOR字段，然后通过这样的方法，我们就可以实现各种各样的功能了。

三．下面我来实际给大家做一个简单演示。诸多不足，欢迎指正。

首先我们先搭建好Nginx的环境，这里我们使用1.7 系列的最新版本 1.7.9为例，（关于版本的问题参见FAQ 1）

下载、WGET所需地址 http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.7.9.tar.gz

1. 下载Nginx

[lugt@localhostmysql]$ wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.7.9.tar.gz

2. 解压

[lugt@localhostmysql]$ tar zxvf nginx-1.7.9.tar.gz

3. 直接编译（需要考虑是否需要openssl等插件的支持）

[lugt@localhost mysql]$cd nginx-1.7.9

[lugt@localhost nginx-1.7.9]$ ./configure

[lugt@localhost nginx-1.7.9]$ make

[lugt@localhost nginx-1.7.9]$ su

[lugt@localhostnginx-1.7.9]$ make install

4. 然后接下来修改nginx.conf配置文件

[lugt@localhost nginx-1.7.9]$ su

[lugt@localhost nginx-1.7.9]$cd /usr/local/nginx

[lugt@localhostnginx]$ vi conf/nginx.conf

然后在nginx.conf 中找到这里，加入来设置负载均衡，模仿CDN

 
upstream dnsnginx1 {
        server[*.*.*.*/yourhostname]:8080 weight=10000; #填IP、域名
}
server {
        listen       80;
        server_name 
#access_log  logs/host.access.log  main
        location /{
           proxy_pass          http://dnsnginx1;
            proxy_set_header    Host             $host;
            proxy_set_header    X-Real-IP        $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header    X-Forwarded-For  $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header    HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR $remote_addr;
            proxy_redirect      default;
}
}

在设置一个虚拟服务器在8080端口，

limit_conn_zone $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for zone=addr:10m;  # 并发设置 空间10M
server {
        listen       8080;
        server_name  [*.*.*.*/yourhostname]:8080 weight=10000; #填IP、域名
        limit_conn addr 1; #限制客户端最大并发连接数为 1
            location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
}

保存。接着测试配置文件语法

[lugt@localhostnginx]$ ./sbin/nginx –t

启动服务器

[lugt@localhostnginx]$ ./sbin/nginx

四．使用ab 工具查看效果。

[lugt@localhost nginx]$ ab –c 10 –n 100 –v 4 http://127.0.0.1/ | grep HTTP/1.1

这行的意思:通过AB测试工具访问地址，并发连接数为30,总测试300次,显示HTTP返回头信息

通过ab 工具可以测出无论同时发送多少连接，最后成功返回200的只有之前限制nginx的最大并发连接数，所以可以证明对于IP的限制功能已经可以使用了。参考数据见FAQ2

FAQ 1 版本问题

如果当前正在使用的Nginx版本没有达到1.7.1版本，很可能nginx还不支持这个功能，

这时候就需要通过一段代码夹在limit_conn_handler函数中来从request中取得x_forwarded_for 的值。

以1.6.1版本为例，代码增加如下。 src/http/modules/ngx_http_limit_conn.c 第184行

hash =ngx_crc32_short(key.data, key.len);                                                                              
If(“” == &ctx->key){                                                             
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>If(NULL!= r->main->headers_in->x_forwarded_for->elts){                       
           key.data= *(char*)r->main->headers_in->x_forwarded_for->elts;             
         key.len = 4;                                                                                                                               
hash =ngx_crc32_short(key.data, key.len);                                                                     
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>}                                                                                                                                                 }

FAQ 2 参考数据

这里是一份参考数据, 获取

[lugt@localhost~]$ ab -c 10 -n 100 -v 4 http://127.0.0.1/ | grep HTTP/1.1

HTTP/1.1503 Service Temporarily Unavailable

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

HTTP/1.1503 Service Temporarily Unavailable

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

<… repeated 往下均为重复8次HTTP/503 与1次HTTP/200 交替出现>

English Version

How to retrievethe true ip of the client user if there are two layers of servers

Days before, wehave been faced such a difficulty which is we can’t use the variable $remote_addr for gathering the clients’ip address. This problem surfaces when we used a proxy server between the trueserver and client, which is actually a cdn. And that makes our functions oflimiting the maximum connections a client can make to a server at a time. Thissituation can also found if the load balance or any anti-spam service are inuse. So that’s why we can’t use remote_addr variable further.

After I did someresearch on the documentation and the code , I found out that this problem canbe solved by replacing the

 $remote_addr

variable with the

$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for

variable. As this variable allows to retrievethe data from the column X_forwarded_for from the request, we can use thisvariable functioning in many ways.

And now I shall makean easy example to practically use this method.

First of all,build up a Nginx server.

Here, I will usethe 1.7.9 version (latest to the written time) for instance, therefore, thereexist some differences between older versions than 1.7.1 (see FAQ 1)

1. Download A Nginx Copy:

[lugt@localhostmysql]$ wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.7.9.tar.gz

2. Decompress the file

[lugt@localhostmysql]$ tar zxvf nginx-1.7.9.tar.gz

3. Compile The Code

[lugt@localhostmysql]$ cd nginx-1.7.9

[lugt@localhostnginx-1.7.9]$ ./configure

[lugt@localhostnginx-1.7.9]$ make

[lugt@localhostnginx-1.7.9]$ su

[lugt@localhostnginx-1.7.9]$ make install

4. And edit the config file nginx.conf

[lugt@localhost nginx-1.7.9]$ su

[lugt@localhostnginx-1.7.9]$ cd /usr/local/nginx

[lugt@localhostnginx]$ vi conf/nginx.conf

There add suchdirectives to the server1 for emulate for an CDN server

upstream dnsnginx1 {
        server[*.*.*.*/yourhostname]:8080 weight=1000; #fill in your ip/hostname
}
server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  [hostname]   #fill your ip/ hostname here
#access_log  logs/host.access.log  main
        location /{
           proxy_pass          http://dnsnginx1;
            proxy_set_header    Host             $host;
            proxy_set_header    X-Real-IP        $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header    X-Forwarded-For  $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header    HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR $remote_addr;
            proxy_redirect      default;
}
}

After the end ofone server directive, and in the http directive, add so to function the sever2

limit_conn_zone $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for zone=addr:10m;  # sample setting
server {
        listen       8080;
        server_name  [*.*.*.*/hostname]:8080 weight=10000; #fill in ip/hostname here
        limit_conn addr 1; # Enablethe limitation of connection per ip at a time to 1.
 
            location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
}

And then you cansave , test the config file and run nginx

Test your configfile:

[lugt@localhostnginx]$ ./sbin/nginx –t

Start the nginx server

[lugt@localhostnginx]$ ./sbin/nginx

Now, the serverhas been set and you can run a test at instance.

/* This CommandMeans to run a tool to connect to server as 10conn/once and 10 conns in total*/

[lugt@localhost~]$ ab -c 10 -n 100 -v 4 http://127.0.0.1/ | grep HTTP/1.1

FAQ 1

There is actuallysome little malfunctions when using elder versions than 1.7.1 (Probably the newversion has it for a new feature).So to use this directive in earlier versions,some code need to be added.

As a Example inthe version 1.6.1

In filesrc/http/modules/ngx_http_limit_conn.c Line around 184

hash =ngx_crc32_short(key.data, key.len);                                                                             
If("" == &ctx->key){                                                             
    If(NULL!= r->main->headers_in->x_forwarded_for->elts){                       
           key.data= *(char*)r->main->headers_in->x_forwarded_for->elts;             
         key.len = 4;                                                                                                                               
hash =ngx_crc32_short(key.data, key.len);                                                                     
    }

}<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">           </span>

FAQ 2 TestingResults

[lugt@localhost~]$ ab -c 10 -n 100 -v 4 http://127.0.0.1/ | grep HTTP/1.1

HTTP/1.1503 Service Temporarily Unavailable

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

HTTP/1.1503 Service Temporarily Unavailable

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

<… repeated as 8times of HTTP/503 and 1 time of HTTP/200 and so on>

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如何在两层服务器的第二层Nginx上获取用户IP

两层服务器配置中，第二层的nginx配置获取客户端真实IP的方法可以替换变量，也可以自行修改代码
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如何在两层服务器的第二层Nginx上获取用户IP

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