Linux / Unix Command: sed命令

Linux / Unix Command: sed

Command Library

sed - manual page for sed version 4.0.3NAME

EXAMPLES

SYNOPSIS

sed  [ OPTION ]...  {script-only-if-no-other-script}  [ input-file ]...

DESCRIPTION

Sed  is a stream editor. A stream editor is used to perform basic text transformations on an input stream (a file or input from a pipeline). While in some ways similar to an editor which permits scripted edits (such as  ed ),  sed  works by making only one pass over the input(s), and is consequently more efficient. But it is  sed 's ability to filter text in a pipeline which particularly distinguishes it from other types of editors.

-n,  --quiet,  --silent

suppress automatic printing of pattern space

-e script,  --expression= script

add the script to the commands to be executed

-f script-file,  --file= script-file

add the contents of script-file to the commands to be executed

-i[suffix],  --in-place[= suffix]

edit files in place (makes backup if extension supplied)

-l N,  --line-length= N

specify the desired line-wrap length for the `l' command

-r,  --regexp-extended

use extended regular expressions in the script.

-s,  --separate

consider files as separate rather than as a single continuous long stream.

-u,  --unbuffered

load minimal amounts of data from the input files and flush the output buffers more often

--help

display this help and exit

-V,  --version

output version information and exit

If no -e, --expression, -f, or --file option is given, then the first non-option argument is taken as the sed script to interpret. All remaining arguments are names of input files; if no input files are specified, then the standard input is read.

E-mail bug reports to: bonzini@gnu.org . Be sure to include the word ``sed'' somewhere in the ``Subject:'' field.

COMMAND SYNOPSIS

This is just a brief synopsis of  sed  commands to serve as a reminder to those who already know sed ; other documentation (such as the texinfo document) must be consulted for fuller descriptions.

Zero-address ``commands''

:  label

Label for  b and  t commands.

# comment

The comment extends until the next newline (or the end of a  -e script fragment).

}

The closing bracket of a { } block.

Zero- or One- address commands

=

Print the current line number.

a \

text

Append  text, which has each embedded newline preceded by a backslash.

i \

text

Insert  text, which has each embedded newline preceded by a backslash.

q

Immediately quit the  sed script without processing any more input, except that if auto-print is not disabled the current pattern space will be printed.

Q

Immediately quit the  sed script without processing any more input.

r  filename

Append text read from  filename.

R  filename

Append a line read from  filename.

Commands which accept address ranges

{

Begin a block of commands (end with a }).

b  label

Branch to  label; if  label is omitted, branch to end of script.

t  label

If a s/// has done a successful substitution since the last input line was read and since the last t or T command, then branch to  label; if  label is omitted, branch to end of script.

T  label

If no s/// has done a successful substitution since the last input line was read and since the last t or T command, then branch to  label; if  label is omitted, branch to end of script.

c \

text

Replace the selected lines with  text, which has each embedded newline preceded by a backslash.

d

Delete pattern space. Start next cycle.

D

Delete up to the first embedded newline in the pattern space. Start next cycle, but skip reading from the input if there is still data in the pattern space.

h H

Copy/append pattern space to hold space.

g G

Copy/append hold space to pattern space.

x

Exchange the contents of the hold and pattern spaces.

l

List out the current line in a ``visually unambiguous'' form.

n N

Read/append the next line of input into the pattern space.

p

Print the current pattern space.

P

Print up to the first embedded newline of the current pattern space.

s/ regexp/ replacement/

Attempt to match  regexp against the pattern space. If successful, replace that portion matched with  replacement. The  replacement may contain the special character  & to refer to that portion of the pattern space which matched, and the special escapes \1 through \9 to refer to the corresponding matching sub-expressions in the  regexp.

w  filename

Write the current pattern space to  filename.

W  filename

Write the first line of the current pattern space to  filename.

y/ source/ dest/

Transliterate the characters in the pattern space which appear in  source to the corresponding character in  dest.

Addresses

Sed  commands can be given with no addresses, in which case the command will be executed for all input lines; with one address, in which case the command will only be executed for input lines which match that address; or with two addresses, in which case the command will be executed for all input lines which match the inclusive range of lines starting from the first address and continuing to the second address. Three things to note about address ranges: the syntax is addr1 , addr2  (i.e., the addresses are separated by a comma); the line which  addr1  matched will always be accepted, even if  addr2  selects an earlier line; and if  addr2  is a  regexp , it will not be tested against the line that  addr1  matched.

After the address (or address-range), and before the command, a ! may be inserted, which specifies that the command shall only be executed if the address (or address-range) does not match.

The following address types are supported:

number

Match only the specified line  number.

first~ step

Match every  step'th line starting with line  first. For example, ``sed -n 1~2p'' will print all the odd-numbered lines in the input stream, and the address 2~5 will match every fifth line, starting with the second. (This is an extension.)

$

Match the last line.

/ regexp/

Match lines matching the regular expression  regexp.

\c regexp c

Match lines matching the regular expression  regexp. The  c may be any character.

GNU sed also supports some special 2-address forms:

0, addr2

Start out in "matched first address" state, until  addr2 is found. This is similar to 1, addr2, except that if  addr2 matches the very first line of input the 0, addr2 form will be at the end of its range, whereas the 1, addr2 form will still be at the beginning of its range.

addr1,+ N

Will match  addr1 and the  N lines following  addr1.

addr1,~ N

Will match  addr1 and the lines following  addr1 until the next line whose input line number is a multiple of  N.

REGULAR EXPRESSIONS

POSIX.2 BREs  should  be supported, but they aren't completely because of performance problems. The  \n  sequence in a regular expression matches the newline character, and similarly for  \a ,  \t , and other sequences.

SEE ALSO

awk (1),  ed (1),  grep (1),  tr (1),  perlre (1), sed.info, any of various books on  sed , the  sed  FAQ (http://sed.sf.net/grabbag/tutorials/sedfaq.html),  http://sed.sf.net/grabbag/.

The full documentation for sed is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info and sed programs are properly installed at your site, the command

info sed

should give you access to the complete manual.