序言：
最近需要用到sed批处理一些文件，在此记录和学习一下sed命令和awk命令
第一章：
sed命令解析:
第一节：
万能的man'啊，救救我吧，不会就去看man手册，发现在终端看不舒服，可以把man文件导出来看man sed | col -b > sed.txt.ok这样就可以了，虫虫是菜鸟，但是好开心。
第二节：附上man手册
SED(1) User Commands SED(1) NAME sed - stream editor for filtering and transforming text SYNOPSIS sed [OPTION]... {script-only-if-no-other-script} [input-file]... DESCRIPTION Sed is a stream editor. A stream editor is used to perform basic text transformations on an input stream (a file or input from a pipeline). While in some ways similar to an editor which permits scripted edits (such as ed), sed works by making only one pass over the input(s), and is consequently more efficient. But it is sed’s ability to filter text in a pipeline which particularly distinguishes it from other types of editors. -n, --quiet, --silent suppress automatic printing of pattern space -e script, --expression=script add the script to the commands to be executed -f script-file, --file=script-file add the contents of script-file to the commands to be executed --follow-symlinks follow symlinks when processing in place; hard links will still be broken. -i[SUFFIX], --in-place[=SUFFIX] edit files in place (makes backup if extension supplied). The default operation mode is to break symbolic and hard links. This can be changed with --follow-symlinks and --copy. -c, --copy use copy instead of rename when shuffling files in -i mode. While this will avoid breaking links (symbolic or hard), the resulting editing operation is not atomic. This is rarely the desired mode; --follow-symlinks is usually enough, and it is both faster and more secure. -l N, --line-length=N specify the desired line-wrap length for the ‘l’ command --posix disable all GNU extensions. -r, --regexp-extended use extended regular expressions in the script. -s, --separate consider files as separate rather than as a single continuous long stream. -u, --unbuffered load minimal amounts of data from the input files and flush the output buffers more often --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit If no -e, --expression, -f, or --file option is given, then the first non-option argument is taken as the sed script to interpret. All remaining arguments are names of input files; if no input files are specified, then the standard input is read. GNU sed home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/sed/>. General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>. E-mail bug reports to: <bug-gnu-utils@gnu.org>. Be sure to include the word ‘‘sed’’ some- where in the ‘‘Subject:’’ field. COMMAND SYNOPSIS This is just a brief synopsis of sed commands to serve as a reminder to those who already know sed; other documentation (such as the texinfo document) must be consulted for fuller descriptions. Zero-address ‘‘commands’’ : label Label for b and t commands. #comment The comment extends until the next newline (or the end of a -e script fragment). } The closing bracket of a { } block. Zero- or One- address commands = Print the current line number. a \ text Append text, which has each embedded newline preceded by a back- slash. i \ text Insert text, which has each embedded newline preceded by a back- slash. q [exit-code] Immediately quit the sed script without processing any more input, except that if auto-print is not disabled the current pattern space will be printed. The exit code argument is a GNU extension. Q [exit-code] Immediately quit the sed script without processing any more input. This is a GNU extension. r filename Append text read from filename. R filename Append a line read from filename. Each invocation of the com- mand reads a line from the file. This is a GNU extension. Commands which accept address ranges { Begin a block of commands (end with a }). b label Branch to label; if label is omitted, branch to end of script. t label If a s/// has done a successful substitution since the last input line was read and since the last t or T command, then branch to label; if label is omitted, branch to end of script. T label If no s/// has done a successful substitution since the last input line was read and since the last t or T command, then branch to label; if label is omitted, branch to end of script. This is a GNU extension. c \ text Replace the selected lines with text, which has each embedded newline preceded by a backslash. d Delete pattern space. Start next cycle. D Delete up to the first embedded newline in the pattern space. Start next cycle, but skip reading from the input if there is still data in the pattern space. h H Copy/append pattern space to hold space. g G Copy/append hold space to pattern space. x Exchange the contents of the hold and pattern spaces. l List out the current line in a ‘‘visually unambiguous’’ form. l width List out the current line in a ‘‘visually unambiguous’’ form, breaking it at width characters. This is a GNU extension. n N Read/append the next line of input into the pattern space. p Print the current pattern space. P Print up to the first embedded newline of the current pattern space. s/regexp/replacement/ Attempt to match regexp against the pattern space. If success- ful, replace that portion matched with replacement. The replacement may contain the special character & to refer to that portion of the pattern space which matched, and the special escapes \1 through \9 to refer to the corresponding matching sub-expressions in the regexp. w filename Write the current pattern space to filename. W filename Write the first line of the current pattern space to filename. This is a GNU extension. y/source/dest/ Transliterate the characters in the pattern space which appear in source to the corresponding character in dest. Addresses Sed commands can be given with no addresses, in which case the command will be executed for all input lines; with one address, in which case the command will only be executed for input lines which match that address; or with two addresses, in which case the command will be exe- cuted for all input lines which match the inclusive range of lines starting from the first address and continuing to the second address. Three things to note about address ranges: the syntax is addr1,addr2 (i.e., the addresses are separated by a comma); the line which addr1 matched will always be accepted, even if addr2 selects an earlier line; and if addr2 is a regexp, it will not be tested against the line that addr1 matched. After the address (or address-range), and before the command, a ! may be inserted, which specifies that the command shall only be executed if the address (or address-range) does not match. The following address types are supported: number Match only the specified line number. first~step Match every step’th line starting with line first. For example, ‘‘sed -n 1~2p’’ will print all the odd-numbered lines in the input stream, and the address 2~5 will match every fifth line, starting with the second. first can be zero; in this case, sed operates as if it were equal to step. (This is an extension.) $ Match the last line. /regexp/ Match lines matching the regular expression regexp. \cregexpc Match lines matching the regular expression regexp. The c may be any character. GNU sed also supports some special 2-address forms: 0,addr2 Start out in "matched first address" state, until addr2 is found. This is similar to 1,addr2, except that if addr2 matches the very first line of input the 0,addr2 form will be at the end of its range, whereas the 1,addr2 form will still be at the beginning of its range. This works only when addr2 is a regular expression. addr1,+N Will match addr1 and the N lines following addr1. addr1,~N Will match addr1 and the lines following addr1 until the next line whose input line number is a multiple of N. REGULAR EXPRESSIONS POSIX.2 BREs should be supported, but they aren’t completely because of performance problems. The \n sequence in a regular expression matches the newline character, and similarly for \a, \t, and other sequences. BUGS E-mail bug reports to bonzini@gnu.org. Be sure to include the word ‘‘sed’’ somewhere in the ‘‘Subject:’’ field. Also, please include the output of ‘‘sed --version’’ in the body of your report if at all possi- ble. COPYRIGHT Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, to the extent permitted by law. GNU sed home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/sed/>. General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>. E-mail bug reports to: <bug-gnu-utils@gnu.org>. Be sure to include the word ‘‘sed’’ some- where in the ‘‘Subject:’’ field. SEE ALSO awk(1), ed(1), grep(1), tr(1), perlre(1), sed.info, any of various books on sed, the sed FAQ (http://sed.sf.net/grabbag/tutorials/sed- faq.txt), http://sed.sf.net/grabbag/. The full documentation for sed is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info and sed programs are properly installed at your site, the com- mand info sed should give you access to the complete manual. sed version 4.2.1 June 2012 SED(1)
是不是看得很烦啊，不急虫虫给你解释一下，另外一定要读懂英语哦，不会可以去百度第三节：sed常用命令解析
sed是stream editor的简称，也就是流编辑器。它一次处理一行内容，处理时，把当前处理的行存储在临时缓冲区中，称为“模式空间”（pattern space），接着用sed命令处理缓冲区中的内容，处理完成后，把缓冲区的内容送往屏幕。接着处理下一行，这样不断重复，直到文件末尾。文件内容并没有 改变，除非你使用重定向存储输出。（转自http://qifuguang.me/2015/09/21/sed%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%AF%A6%E8%A7%A3/）
实例：
使用的实例文件sed_test.txt
[root@HyperBlue sed_test]# cat sed_test.txt Hello, word! study sed read man use sed understand sed hahaha
使用语法：
sed 【option】‘ command‘ file
常用选项
-n 使用安静(silent)模式。在一般sed的用法中，所有来自stdin的内容一般都会被列出到屏幕上。但如果加上-n参数后，则只有经过sed特殊处理的那一行(或者动作)才会被列出来；
-e script 在处理输入时，将script中指定的命令添加到运行的命令中；
-f 直接将 sed 的动作写在一个文件内，
-f filename则可以执行filename内的sed命令；
-r 让sed命令支持扩展的正则表达式(默认是基础正则表达式)；
-i 直接修改读取的文件内容，而不是由屏幕输出。
常用命令
a ∶新增， a 的后面可以接字串，而这些字串会在新的一行出现(目前的下一行)
c ∶取代， c 的后面可以接字串，这些字串可以取代 n1,n2 之间的行！
d ∶删除，因为是删除啊，所以 d 后面通常不接任何咚咚；
i ∶插入， i 的后面可以接字串，而这些字串会在新的一行出现(目前的上一行)；
p ∶列印，亦即将某个选择的资料印出。通常 p 会与参数 sed -n 一起运作；
s ∶取代，可以直接进行取代，通常这个 s 的动作可以搭配正规表示法。
示例：
-n 使用安静(silent)模式。在一般sed的用法中，所有来自stdin的内容一般都会被列出到屏幕上。但如果加上-n参数后，则只有经过sed特殊处理的那一行(或者动作)才会被列出来；
此处显示第一行的数据，但是如果不用-n选项的话，出现的就是下面所示的请况，会打印出所有的信息，sed未处理的 也打印出来
[root@HyperBlue sed_test]# sed '1p' sed_test.txt Hello, word! Hello, word! study sed read man use sed understand sed hahaha [root@HyperBlue sed_test]# sed -n '1p' sed_test.txt Hello, word! <span itemprop="articleBody"><strong>-e script</strong> 在处理输入时，将script中指定的命令添加到运行的命令中</span><strong> </strong>使用多个命名是要使用-e选项 <pre name="code" class="html">[root@HyperBlue sed_test]# cat sed_test.txt Hello, word! study sed read man use sed understand sed hahaha [root@HyperBlue sed_test]# sed -e 's/study/lean/; s/hahaha/doubi/' sed_test.txt Hello, word! lean sed read man use sed understand sed doubi
-f 直接将 sed 的动作写在一个文件内，-f filename则可以执行filename内的sed命令；
[root@HyperBlue sed_test]# cat sed.txt
s/hahaha/daia/
s/sed/problem/
[root@HyperBlue sed_test]# cat sed_test.txt
Hello, word!
study sed
read man
use sed
understand sed
hahaha
[root@HyperBlue sed_test]# sed -f sed.txt sed_test.txt
Hello, word!
study problem
read man
use problem
understand problem
daia
p：列印，亦即将某个选择的资料印出。通常 p 会与参数 sed -n 一起运作；
显示第一行到最后一行
[root@HyperBlue sed_test]# sed -n '1,$p' sed_test.txt
Hello, word!
study sed
read man
use sed
understand sed
hahaha
d∶删除，因为是删除啊，所以 d 后面通常不接任何参数；
删除第一行到第三行
[root@HyperBlue sed_test]# sed -e '1,3d' sed_test.txt
use sed
understand sed
hahaha
*：替换匹配行中的某个字符串sed -i '/匹配字符串/s/替换源字符串/替换目标字符串/g' filename
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