SpringBoot异常处理

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-03 17:29:15 发布

Lucifer Zhao

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-03 17:29:15 发布

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分类专栏： Spring Boot 文章标签： spring boot

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/luciferlongxu/article/details/125268917

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先创建个简单的SpringBoot项目，有一个HelloController

@Controller
public class HelloController {
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public @ResponseBody String hello(@RequestParam String name) {
        return "hello, " + name;
    }
}

加入现在访问一个不存在的request mapping，那么页面会报错

这样是很不友好的，所以需要对异常进行处理

下面几种方式，页面显示出来的前提是整合了前端模板框架比如Thymeleaf

SpringBoot整合Thymeleaf

引入依赖

<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>

controller中通过Model向前端传值

@Controller
public class HelloController {
    @RequestMapping("/index")
    public String index(Model model) {
        model.addAttribute("msg", "Hello, this is test Thymeleaf");
        return "index"; //指定返回给index.html页面
    }
}

前端页面通过Thymeleaf语法取值

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Thymeleaf testing</h1>
    <span th:text="${error}"></span>
</body>
</html>

1. 自定义错误页面

SpringBoot默认的处理异常的机制：默认已经提供了一套处理异常的机制，一旦出现异常，SpringBoot会向/error的url发送请求。在SpringBoot中提供了一个叫BasicExceptionController来处理/error请求，然后跳转到默认显示异常的error.html界面。

在resources >> templates目录下创建error.html页面，或者针对错误码创建比如404.html页面，再次访问报错则会显示此页面

2. 通过@ExceptionHandler处理异常

针对特定的异常进行处理。

@Controller
public class HelloController {
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public @ResponseBody String hello(@RequestParam String name) {
        return "hello, " + name;
    }

    @RequestMapping("/say")
    public String say() {
        String word = null;
        System.out.println(word.length()); //模拟NullPointerException
        return "hello";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/cal")
    public String cal() {
        int a = 1;
        int b = 0;
        System.out.println(a / b); //模拟ArithmeticException
        return "计算";
    }

    // 如果当前类中出现空指针异常会跳转到本方法对应的view中
    @ExceptionHandler(NullPointerException.class)
    public ModelAndView nullPointerExceptionHandler(Exception e) {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        modelAndView.addObject("error", e.getMessage());
        modelAndView.setViewName("nullPointerException");
        return modelAndView;
    }

    // 如果当前类中出现ArithmeticException会跳转到本方法对应的view中
    @ExceptionHandler(ArithmeticException.class)
    public ModelAndView arithmeticExceptionHandler(Exception e) {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        modelAndView.addObject("error", e.getMessage());
        modelAndView.setViewName("arithmeticException");
        return modelAndView;
    }
}

3. 定义全局异常

将所有异常提出来和业务代码分离，通过异常类来管理项目中所有异常

@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalException {
    // 如果当前类中出现空指针异常会跳转到本方法对应的view中
    @ExceptionHandler(NullPointerException.class)
    public ModelAndView nullPointerExceptionHandler(Exception e) {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        modelAndView.addObject("error", e.getMessage());
        modelAndView.setViewName("nullPointerException");
        return modelAndView;
    }

    // 如果当前类中出现ArithmeticException会跳转到本方法对应的view中
    @ExceptionHandler(ArithmeticException.class)
    public ModelAndView arithmeticExceptionHandler(Exception e) {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        modelAndView.addObject("error", e.getMessage());
        modelAndView.setViewName("arithmeticException");
        return modelAndView;
    }
}

4. SimpleMappingExceptionResolver

通过系统提供的SimpleMappingExceptionResolver异常处理类，在配置类中定义异常和处理的映射mapping

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootDemoApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(SpringbootDemoApplication.class, args);
	}

	@Bean
	public SimpleMappingExceptionResolver getMappingExceptionResolver() {
		System.out.println("loading SimpleMappingExceptionResolver");
		SimpleMappingExceptionResolver resolver = new SimpleMappingExceptionResolver();
		Properties mappings = new Properties();
		mappings.setProperty("java.lang.NullPointerException", "nullPointerException");
		mappings.setProperty("java.lang.ArithmeticException", "arithmeticException");
		resolver.setExceptionMappings(mappings);
		return resolver;
	}

}

5. 自定义全局异常理类

@Component
public class MyHandlerExceptionResolver implements HandlerExceptionResolver {
    @Override
    public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) {
        System.out.println("全局自定义异常触发....");
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        if (ex instanceof NullPointerException) {
            modelAndView.setViewName("nullPointerException");
            modelAndView.addObject("error", "空指针异常");
        } else if (ex instanceof ArithmeticException) {
            modelAndView.setViewName("arithmeticException");
            modelAndView.addObject("error", "算数异常");
        }
        return modelAndView;
    }
}