Tomcat 启动 异常 java.lang.IllegalStateException: Unable to complete the scan for annotations...

最近在使用tomcat 部署应用是遇到异常如下：

Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Unable to complete the scan for annotations for web application [/xxxx] due to a StackOverflowError. Possible root causes include a too low setting for -Xss and illegal cyclic inheritance dependencies. The class hierarchy being processed was [org.bouncycastle.asn1.ASN1EncodableVector->org.bouncycastle.asn1.DEREncodableVector->org.bouncycastle.asn1.ASN1EncodableVector]
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.checkHandlesTypes(ContextConfig.java:2188)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsStream(ContextConfig.java:2135)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsJar(ContextConfig.java:2010)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsUrl(ContextConfig.java:1976)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotations(ContextConfig.java:1961)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.webConfig(ContextConfig.java:1319)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.configureStart(ContextConfig.java:878)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.lifecycleEvent(ContextConfig.java:376)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:119)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:90)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5322)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	... 10 more

分析原因：tomcat 启动扫描注解时抛出异常 StackOverflowError，扫描具体类为：

org.bouncycastle.asn1.ASN1EncodableVector->org.bouncycastle.asn1.DEREncodableVector->org.bouncycastle.asn1.ASN1EncodableVector

从以下方面检查错误：

1. 栈内存不足，修改tomcat启动参数，增加栈内存， 如：-Xss100m

2. 在你的应用中告诉tomcat不要扫描annotations, 修改web.xml 如下：

<web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="2.4" metadata-complete="true"
        xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">

3. 限制tomcat扫描jar 文件，参考：http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/config/jar-scanner.html

4. 另外， 你可以创建一个war包，其中在WEB-INF\lib中包含第三方依赖的jar, 当启动tomcat时，如果发现错误信息类似如下：

Unable to complete the scan for annotations for web application [/xxxx] due to a StackOverflowError. Possible root causes include a too low setting for -Xss and illegal cyclic inheritance dependencies. The class hierarchy being processed was [org.bouncycastle.asn1.ASN1EncodableVector->org.bouncycastle.asn1.DEREncodableVector->org.bouncycastle.asn1.ASN1EncodableVector]

这个可能是第三方api的一个bug.可以到其官网下载最新版本看看是否修复。