nginx+Tomcat实现负载均衡

Nginx是一款轻量级的Web 服务器/反向代理服务器及电子邮件（IMAP/POP3）代理服务器，并在一个BSD-like 协议下发行。其特点是占有内存少，并发能力强，事实上nginx的并发能力确实在同类型的网页服务器中表现较好，中国大陆使用nginx网站用户有：百度、京东、新浪、网易、腾讯、淘宝等。

nginx不仅是一款优秀的web服务器，它同样具备反向代理，负载均衡等强大功能，在业界有广泛的应用，下面我们使用nginx+Tomcat实现负载均衡功能。

环境
os redhat7.1
ip 192.168.56.135(nginx+tomcat) 192.168.56.137(tomcat)
nginx-1.10.0
tomcat-8.5.46
jdk-1.8.0

安装nginx

nginx安装请参考https://blog.csdn.net/lucky_ykcul/article/details/96871851

安装Tomcat

Tomcat安装请参考
https://blog.csdn.net/lucky_ykcul/article/details/99298731

启动nginx
由于之前Apache没有停掉导致80端口被占用，nginx启动失败

[root@server1 sbin]# ./nginx
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: [emerg] still could not bind()

停掉httpd后，成功启动

[root@server1 sbin]# ./nginx
[root@server1 sbin]# netstat -antlpe |grep nginx
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      0          234895     18189/nginx: master

启动Tomcat

[root@server1 bin]# ./startup.sh 
/usr/local/tomcat8/bin/catalina.sh: line 254: -Xmx1024m: command not found
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat8
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat8
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat8/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat8/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat8/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
[root@server1 bin]# ps -ef |grep java
root       5454      1  0 21:02 pts/0    00:00:13 /usr/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat8/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027 -Dignore.endorsed.dirs= -classpath /usr/local/tomcat8/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat8/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/usr/local/tomcat8 -Dcatalina.home=/usr/local/tomcat8 -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/tomcat8/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start

配置nginx文件，添加负载均衡

[root@server1 conf]# pwd
/usr/local/nginx/conf
[root@server1 conf]# vim nginx.conf

http {
upstream redhat {
server 192.168.56.135:8080;
server 192.168.56.137:8080;
}
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;

重启nginx使配置生效

[root@server1 nginx]# sbin/nginx -s reload

在Tomcat两台主机/etc/hosts中添加域名解析，否则无法访问域名

[root@server1 nginx]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.56.135 www.123.com
192.168.56.137 www.123.com

访问www.123.com验证负载均衡是否生效

这里没有更改Tomcat页面所以无法区分是否nginx将请求分发到两个Tomcat

更改Tomcat页面

tomcat的默认页面在ROOT目录下

[root@server1 ROOT]# pwd
/usr/local/tomcat8/webapps/ROOT
[root@server1 ROOT]# mkdir tomcat
[root@server1 ROOT]# mv * tomcat
mv: cannot move ‘tomcat’ to a subdirectory of itself, ‘tomcat/tomcat’
[root@server1 ROOT]# ls
tomcat

分别在两个Tomcat新建一个index.html文件并写入内容

[root@server1 ROOT]# echo hello,this is tomcat1 > index.html
[root@server2 ROOT]# echo hello, this is tomcat2 > index.html

关闭firewalld否则访问另外一台不通

[root@server2 bin]# systemctl stop firewalld.service 

访问www.123.com验证负载均衡是否生效

刷新页面会分别跳转到Tomcat和Tomcat2上，实现了负载均衡的效果

负载均衡的策略

目前nginx支持6种模式的负载均衡

• rr轮询（默认）按照请求顺序轮流调度realserver
• weight （权重）根据weight值进行调度，weight值越大调用次数越多
• ip_hash 访问请求按照IP地址的hash值进行分配，ip的hash值只要相同就会被分配到同一台服务器上,适合做回话保持
• fair 根据realserver相应时间分配，响应时间短的优先分配
• least_conn 根据最少连接分配，那个realserver连接少就优先分配
• url_hash 按照访问的url来分配请求，让相同的url定向到同一个服务器