通讯录数据的存取(四)——Contact Badge的使用

Contact Badge的使用

QuickContactBadge 是一个如下图所示的组件。该组件最初显示为一张缩略图：

点击后显示为一个包含以下信息的对话框：

-大图片：与联系人关联的图片或占位图（如果没有图片提供的话）
-应用程序icon:可以处理联系人中的具体信息的内置应用程序的icon，如信息中包含电子邮件地址的话，会有一个email icon。一般情况下，会显示电话icon和短信icon，如上图所示。
QuickContactBadge提供来快速获取联系人具体信息以及快速与联系人沟通的方式。用户无需搜索联系人，找到并复制相关信息，并将其粘贴到相应的应用程序中。

添加QuickContactBadge

在布局文件中插入即可：

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
                android:layout_width ="match_parent"
                android:layout_height ="match_parent"> 
...
    <QuickContactBadge 
               android:id =@+id/quickbadge
               android:layout_height ="wrap_content"
               android:layout_width ="wrap_content"
               android:scaleType ="centerCrop"/> 
    ...
</RelativeLayout>

获取provider中的数据

在QuickContactBadge中显示联系人，需要提供联系人的URI和图片。通过获取Contacts Provider中的相应列的数据可以构造上述信息。因此，需要将这些列添加到加载Cursor的规划中。
在Android3.0（API 11）及以后，需要添加这些列：

• Contacts._ID
• Contacts.LOOKUP_KEY

• Contacts.PHOTO_THUMBNAIL_URI
  在Android2.3.3（API 10）及以前，需要添加这些列：

• Contacts._ID

• Contacts.LOOKUP_KEY

  设置联系人URI和缩略图

  设置联系人URI

  调用getLookupUri(id,lookupKey)获取到CONTENT_LOOKUP_URI,然后调用assignContactUri()对其设置：

  // The Cursor that contains contact rows 
    Cursor mCursor; 
    // The index of the _ID column in the Cursor 
    int mIdColumn; 
    // The index of the LOOKUP_KEY column in the Cursor 
    int mLookupKeyColumn; 
    // A content URI for the desired contact 
    Uri mContactUri; 
    // A handle to the QuickContactBadge view 
    QuickContactBadge mBadge; 
    ...
    mBadge = ( QuickContactBadge) findViewById (R .id .quickbadge );
    /*
     * Insert code here to move to the desired cursor row
     */
    // Gets the _ID column index 
    mIdColumn = mCursor. getColumnIndex(Contacts ._ID );
    // Gets the LOOKUP_KEY index 
    mLookupKeyColumn = mCursor. getColumnIndex(Contacts .LOOKUP_KEY );
    // Gets a content URI for the contact 
    mContactUri = 
            Contacts .getLookupUri (
                mCursor. getLong( mIdColumn),
                mCursor. getString(mLookupKeyColumn )
            ); 
    mBadge.assignContactUri( mContactUri);

这样，当点击QuickContactBadge图标时，联系人的具体信息都自动加载到对话框中了。

设置图片

联系人的图片不会自动加载，因此需要先获取联系人图片的URI，然后将文件读入到一个Bitmap对象中。
**需要注意的是，在Android3.0之前，PHOTO_THUMBNAIL_URI是不存在的，需要使用Contacts.Photo表来获取相应的URI。
首先，定义获取Cusor中信息的变量，如下：

// The column in which to find the thumbnail ID 
    int mThumbnailColumn; 
    /*
     * The thumbnail URI, expressed as a String.
     * Contacts Provider stores URIs as String values.
     */
    String mThumbnailUri; 
    ...
    /*
     * Gets the photo thumbnail column index if
     * platform version >= Honeycomb
     */
    if ( Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build. VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB) {
        mThumbnailColumn = 
                mCursor.getColumnIndex( Contacts.PHOTO_THUMBNAIL_URI );
    // Otherwise, sets the thumbnail column to the _ID column 
    } else { 
        mThumbnailColumn = mIdColumn;
    }
    /*
     * Assuming the current Cursor position is the contact you want,
     * gets the thumbnail ID
     */
    mThumbnailUri = mCursor. getString(mThumbnailColumn );

然后定义获取图片的方法，该方法返回一个合适大小的Bitmap:

   /**
     * Load a contact photo thumbnail and return it as a Bitmap,
     * resizing the image to the provided image dimensions as needed.
     * @param photoData photo ID Prior to Honeycomb, the contact's _ID value.
     * For Honeycomb and later, the value of PHOTO_THUMBNAIL_URI.
     * @return A thumbnail Bitmap, sized to the provided width and height.
     * Returns null if the thumbnail is not found.
     */
    private Bitmap loadContactPhotoThumbnail(String photoData) {
        // Creates an asset file descriptor for the thumbnail file. 
        AssetFileDescriptor afd = null ;
        // try-catch block for file not found 
        try { 
            // Creates a holder for the URI. 
            Uri thumbUri;
            // If Android 3.0 or later 
            if ( Build.VERSION.SDK_INT
                    >=
                Build .VERSION_CODES .HONEYCOMB ) {
                // Sets the URI from the incoming PHOTO_THUMBNAIL_URI
                thumbUri = Uri .parse (photoData );
            } else { 
            // Prior to Android 3.0, constructs a photo Uri using _ID
                /*
                 * Creates a contact URI from the Contacts content URI
                 * incoming photoData (_ID)
                 */
                final Uri contactUri = Uri. withAppendedPath(
                        Contacts. CONTENT_URI, photoData);
                /*
                 * Creates a photo URI by appending the content URI of
                 * Contacts.Photo.
                 */
                thumbUri = 
                        Uri. withAppendedPath(
                                contactUri , Photo.CONTENT_DIRECTORY );
            } 

        /*
         * Retrieves an AssetFileDescriptor object for the thumbnail
         * URI
         * using ContentResolver.openAssetFileDescriptor
         */
        afd = getActivity().getContentResolver ().
                openAssetFileDescriptor(thumbUri, "r"); 
        /*
         * Gets a file descriptor from the asset file descriptor.
         * This object can be used across processes.
         */
        FileDescriptor fileDescriptor = afd.getFileDescriptor ();
        // Decode the photo file and return the result as a Bitmap 
        // If the file descriptor is valid 
        if ( fileDescriptor != null) { 
            // Decodes the bitmap 
            return BitmapFactory .decodeFileDescriptor (
                    fileDescriptor, null, null );
            } 
        // If the file isn't found 
        } catch ( FileNotFoundException e) { 
            /*
             * Handle file not found errors
             */
        // In all cases, close the asset file descriptor 
        } finally { 
            if ( afd != null ) {
                try { 
                    afd.close();
                } catch ( IOException e) {} 
            } 
        } 
        return null ;
    }

最后将调用loadContactPhotoThumbnail()返回的结果设置给QuickContactBadge:

  /*
     * Decodes the thumbnail file to a Bitmap.
     */
    Bitmap mThumbnail = 
            loadContactPhotoThumbnail( mThumbnailUri);
    /*
     * Sets the image in the QuickContactBadge
     * QuickContactBadge inherits from ImageView, so
     */
    mBadge.setImageBitmap( mThumbnail);

将QuickContactBadge添加到ListView中

添加QuickContactBadge

将QuickContactBadge添加到ListView中各项的布局文件中，如contact_item_layout.xml：

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
                android:layout_width ="match_parent"
                android:layout_height ="wrap_content"> 
    <QuickContactBadge 
        android:id ="@+id/quickcontact"
        android:layout_height ="wrap_content"
        android:layout_width ="wrap_content"
        android:scaleType ="centerCrop"/> 
    <TextView android:id ="@+id/displayname"
              android:layout_width ="match_parent"
              android:layout_height ="wrap_content"
              android:layout_toRightOf ="@+id/quickcontact"
              android:gravity ="center_vertical"
              android:layout_alignParentRight ="true"
              android:layout_alignParentTop ="true"/> 
</RelativeLayout>

设置自定义的CursorAdapter

定义继承CursorAdapter的自定义适配器。该适配器需要重写如下方法：
-CursorAdapter.newView()
创建View对象保存上面的布局，将该View对象保存起来以便复用。
-CusorAdapter.bindView()
复用上述View对象，重写填充新的信息。
示例代码如下：

/**
     *
     *
     */
    private class ContactsAdapter extends CursorAdapter { 
        private LayoutInflater mInflater;
        ... 
        public ContactsAdapter (Context context ) {
            super (context , null, 0); 

            /*
             * Gets an inflater that can instantiate
             * the ListView layout from the file.
             */
            mInflater = LayoutInflater .from( context); 
            ... 
        } 
        ... 
        /**
         * Defines a class that hold resource IDs of each item layout
         * row to prevent having to look them up each time data is
         * bound to a row.
         */
        private class ViewHolder { 
            TextView displayname;
            QuickContactBadge quickcontact;
        } 
        .. 
        @Override 
        public View newView( 
                Context context, 
                Cursor cursor, 
                ViewGroup viewGroup) {
            /* Inflates the item layout. Stores resource IDs in a
             * in a ViewHolder class to prevent having to look
             * them up each time bindView() is called.
             */
            final View itemView =
                    mInflater.inflate(
                            R.layout.contact_list_layout ,
                            viewGroup,
                            false
                    );
            final ViewHolder holder = new ViewHolder ();
            holder. displayname =
                    (TextView ) view .findViewById (R .id .displayname );
            holder. quickcontact =
                    (QuickContactBadge )
                            view.findViewById (R .id .quickcontact );
            view. setTag( holder); 
            return view; 
        } 
        ... 
        @Override 
        public void bindView(
                View view, 
                Context context, 
                Cursor cursor) { 
            final ViewHolder holder = ( ViewHolder) view.getTag();
            final String photoData =
                    cursor.getString(mPhotoDataIndex );
            final String displayName =
                    cursor.getString(mDisplayNameIndex );
            ... 
            // Sets the display name in the layout 
            holder. displayname = cursor.getString(mDisplayNameIndex );
            ... 
            /*
             * Generates a contact URI for the QuickContactBadge.
             */
            final Uri contactUri = Contacts. getLookupUri(
                    cursor.getLong(mIdIndex),
                    cursor.getString(mLookupKeyIndex ));
            holder. quickcontact.assignContactUri (contactUri );
            String photoData = cursor.getString(mPhotoDataIndex );
            /*
             * Decodes the thumbnail file to a Bitmap.
             * The method loadContactPhotoThumbnail() is defined
             * in the section "Set the Contact URI and Thumbnail"
             */
            Bitmap thumbnailBitmap =
                    loadContactPhotoThumbnail(photoData);
            /*
             * Sets the image in the QuickContactBadge
             * QuickContactBadge inherits from ImageView
             */
            holder. quickcontact.setImageBitmap (thumbnailBitmap );
    }

设置变量

如下所示：

public class ContactsFragment extends Fragment implements 
        LoaderManager .LoaderCallbacks< Cursor> {
...
    // Defines a ListView 
    private ListView mListView;
    // Defines a ContactsAdapter 
    private ContactsAdapter mAdapter;
    ...
    // Defines a Cursor to contain the retrieved data 
    private Cursor mCursor; 
    /*
     * Defines a projection based on platform version. This ensures
     * that you retrieve the correct columns.
     */
    private static final String [] PROJECTION =
            { 
                Contacts ._ID ,
                Contacts .LOOKUP_KEY ,
                ( Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >=
                 Build .VERSION_CODES .HONEYCOMB ) ?
                        Contacts. DISPLAY_NAME_PRIMARY :
                        Contacts. DISPLAY_NAME
                ( Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >=
                 Build .VERSION_CODES .HONEYCOMB ) ?
                        Contacts. PHOTO_THUMBNAIL_ID :
                        /*
                         * Although it's not necessary to include the
                         * column twice, this keeps the number of
                         * columns the same regardless of version
                         */
                        Contacts_ID
                ... 
            }; 
    /*
     * As a shortcut, defines constants for the
     * column indexes in the Cursor. The index is
     * 0-based and always matches the column order
     * in the projection.
     */
    // Column index of the _ID column 
    private int mIdIndex = 0; 
    // Column index of the LOOKUP_KEY column 
    private int mLookupKeyIndex = 1; 
    // Column index of the display name column 
    private int mDisplayNameIndex = 3; 
    /*
     * Column index of the photo data column.
     * It's PHOTO_THUMBNAIL_URI for Honeycomb and later,
     * and _ID for previous versions.
     */
    private int mPhotoDataIndex =
            Build .VERSION .SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES .HONEYCOMB ?
            3 : 
            0 ;
    ...

设置ListView

在Fragment.onCreate()中实例化cusor adapter并获取ListView的句柄：

    @Override 
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        ... 
        /*
         * Instantiates the subclass of
         * CursorAdapter
         */
        ContactsAdapter mContactsAdapter =
                new ContactsAdapter (getActivity ());
        /*
         * Gets a handle to the ListView in the file
         * contact_list_layout.xml
         */
        mListView = ( ListView) findViewById (R .layout .contact_list_layout );
        ... 
    }

在onActivityCreated()中, 将ContactsAdapter与ListView关联:

    @Override 
    public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        ... 
        // Sets up the adapter for the ListView 
        mListView. setAdapter(mAdapter);
        ... 
    }
    ...

最后需要实现 onLoadFinished()和 onLoaderReset()：

    public void onLoadFinished(Loader <Cursor> loader, Cursor cursor) { 
        // When the loader has completed, swap the cursor into the adapter. 
        mContactsAdapter. swapCursor(cursor);
    }

    @Override 
    public void onLoaderReset(Loader <Cursor> loader) { 
        // Removes remaining reference to the previous Cursor 
        mContactsAdapter. swapCursor(null );
    }