本课介绍了如何将
这张缩略图充当控件；当用户点击这张图像时，
大图像
大图像与相应的联系人相关；如果没有可用图像，则为占位符图像。应用图标
可由内置应用处理的每条详细数据对应的应用图标。例如，如果联系人的详细信息中包含一个或多个电子邮件地址，则会出现电子邮件图标。当用户点击该图标时，会看到该联系人的所有电子邮件地址。当用户点击其中一个地址时，对应的电子邮件应用会显示一个屏幕，供用户撰写要发送到所选电子邮件地址的邮件。
通过
添加 QuickContactBadge 视图
如需添加 元素。例如：
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
...
android:id=@+id/quickbadge
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:scaleType="centerCrop"/>
...
检索提供程序数据
如需在
对于 Android 3.0(API 级别 11)及更高版本，在映射中添加以下列：
对于 Android 2.3.3(API 级别 10)及更低版本，使用以下列：
本课的其余部分假定您已加载一个 检索联系人列表课程。
设置联系人 URI 和缩略图
添加了必要的列之后，您可以将数据绑定到
设置联系人 URI
Kotlin
// The Cursor that contains contact rows
var mCursor: Cursor? = null
// The index of the _ID column in the Cursor
var idColumn: Int = 0
// The index of the LOOKUP_KEY column in the Cursor
var lookupKeyColumn: Int = 0
// A content URI for the desired contact
var contactUri: Uri? = null
// A handle to the QuickContactBadge view
lateinit var mBadge: QuickContactBadge
...
mBadge = findViewById(R.id.quickbadge)
mCursor?.let { cursor ->
/*
* Insert code here to move to the desired cursor row
*/
// Gets the _ID column index
idColumn = cursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Contacts._ID)
// Gets the LOOKUP_KEY index
lookupKeyColumn = cursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Contacts.LOOKUP_KEY)
// Gets a content URI for the contact
contactUri = ContactsContract.Contacts.getLookupUri(
cursor.getLong(idColumn),
cursor.getString(lookupKeyColumn)
)
mBadge.assignContactUri(contactUri)
}Java
// The Cursor that contains contact rows
Cursor mCursor;
// The index of the _ID column in the Cursor
int idColumn;
// The index of the LOOKUP_KEY column in the Cursor
int lookupKeyColumn;
// A content URI for the desired contact
Uri contactUri;
// A handle to the QuickContactBadge view
QuickContactBadge mBadge;
...
mBadge = (QuickContactBadge) findViewById(R.id.quickbadge);
/*
* Insert code here to move to the desired cursor row
*/
// Gets the _ID column index
idColumn = mCursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Contacts._ID);
// Gets the LOOKUP_KEY index
lookupKeyColumn = mCursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Contacts.LOOKUP_KEY);
// Gets a content URI for the contact
contactUri =
Contacts.getLookupUri(
mCursor.getLong(idColumn),
mCursor.getString(lookupKeyColumn)
);
mBadge.assignContactUri(contactUri);
当用户点击
设置照片缩略图
为
注意：3.0 之前的平台版本中没有
Kotlin
// The column in which to find the thumbnail ID
var thumbnailColumn: Int = 0
/*
* The thumbnail URI, expressed as a String.
* Contacts Provider stores URIs as String values.
*/
var thumbnailUri: String? = null
...
mCursor?.let { cursor ->
/*
* Gets the photo thumbnail column index if
* platform version >= Honeycomb
*/
thumbnailColumn = if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB) {
cursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Contacts.PHOTO_THUMBNAIL_URI)
// Otherwise, sets the thumbnail column to the _ID column
} else {
idColumn
}
/*
* Assuming the current Cursor position is the contact you want,
* gets the thumbnail ID
*/
thumbnailUri = cursor.getString(thumbnailColumn)
}Java
// The column in which to find the thumbnail ID
int thumbnailColumn;
/*
* The thumbnail URI, expressed as a String.
* Contacts Provider stores URIs as String values.
*/
String thumbnailUri;
...
/*
* Gets the photo thumbnail column index if
* platform version >= Honeycomb
*/
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB) {
thumbnailColumn =
cursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Contacts.PHOTO_THUMBNAIL_URI);
// Otherwise, sets the thumbnail column to the _ID column
} else {
thumbnailColumn = idColumn;
}
/*
* Assuming the current Cursor position is the contact you want,
* gets the thumbnail ID
*/
thumbnailUri = cursor.getString(thumbnailColumn);
...
定义一种方法，用于获取与联系人照片相关的数据以及目标视图的尺寸，并以
Kotlin
/**
* Load a contact photo thumbnail and return it as a Bitmap,
* resizing the image to the provided image dimensions as needed.
* @param photoData photo ID Prior to Honeycomb, the contact's _ID value.
* For Honeycomb and later, the value of PHOTO_THUMBNAIL_URI.
* @return A thumbnail Bitmap, sized to the provided width and height.
* Returns null if the thumbnail is not found.
*/
private fun loadContactPhotoThumbnail(photoData: String): Bitmap? {
// Creates an asset file descriptor for the thumbnail file.
var afd: AssetFileDescriptor? = null
// try-catch block for file not found
try {
// Creates a holder for the URI.
val thumbUri: Uri = if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB) {
// If Android 3.0 or later
// Sets the URI from the incoming PHOTO_THUMBNAIL_URI
Uri.parse(photoData)
} else {
// Prior to Android 3.0, constructs a photo Uri using _ID
/*
* Creates a contact URI from the Contacts content URI
* incoming photoData (_ID)
*/
val contactUri: Uri =
Uri.withAppendedPath(ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT_URI, photoData)
/*
* Creates a photo URI by appending the content URI of
* Contacts.Photo.
*/
Uri.withAppendedPath(contactUri, ContactsContract.Contacts.Photo.CONTENT_DIRECTORY)
}
/*
* Retrieves an AssetFileDescriptor object for the thumbnail
* URI
* using ContentResolver.openAssetFileDescriptor
*/
afd = activity?.contentResolver?.openAssetFileDescriptor(thumbUri, "r")
/*
* Gets a file descriptor from the asset file descriptor.
* This object can be used across processes.
*/
return afd?.fileDescriptor?.let {fileDescriptor ->
// Decode the photo file and return the result as a Bitmap
// If the file descriptor is valid
BitmapFactory.decodeFileDescriptor(fileDescriptor, null, null)
}
} catch (e: FileNotFoundException) {
/*
* Handle file not found errors
*/
null
} finally {
// In all cases, close the asset file descriptor
try {
afd?.close()
} catch (e: IOException) {
}
}
}Java
/**
* Load a contact photo thumbnail and return it as a Bitmap,
* resizing the image to the provided image dimensions as needed.
* @param photoData photo ID Prior to Honeycomb, the contact's _ID value.
* For Honeycomb and later, the value of PHOTO_THUMBNAIL_URI.
* @return A thumbnail Bitmap, sized to the provided width and height.
* Returns null if the thumbnail is not found.
*/
private Bitmap loadContactPhotoThumbnail(String photoData) {
// Creates an asset file descriptor for the thumbnail file.
AssetFileDescriptor afd = null;
// try-catch block for file not found
try {
// Creates a holder for the URI.
Uri thumbUri;
// If Android 3.0 or later
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT
>=
Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB) {
// Sets the URI from the incoming PHOTO_THUMBNAIL_URI
thumbUri = Uri.parse(photoData);
} else {
// Prior to Android 3.0, constructs a photo Uri using _ID
/*
* Creates a contact URI from the Contacts content URI
* incoming photoData (_ID)
*/
final Uri contactUri = Uri.withAppendedPath(
ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT_URI, photoData);
/*
* Creates a photo URI by appending the content URI of
* Contacts.Photo.
*/
thumbUri =
Uri.withAppendedPath(
contactUri, ContactsContract.Contacts.Photo.CONTENT_DIRECTORY);
}
/*
* Retrieves an AssetFileDescriptor object for the thumbnail
* URI
* using ContentResolver.openAssetFileDescriptor
*/
afd = getActivity().getContentResolver().
openAssetFileDescriptor(thumbUri, "r");
/*
* Gets a file descriptor from the asset file descriptor.
* This object can be used across processes.
*/
FileDescriptor fileDescriptor = afd.getFileDescriptor();
// Decode the photo file and return the result as a Bitmap
// If the file descriptor is valid
if (fileDescriptor != null) {
// Decodes the bitmap
return BitmapFactory.decodeFileDescriptor(
fileDescriptor, null, null);
}
// If the file isn't found
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
/*
* Handle file not found errors
*/
// In all cases, close the asset file descriptor
} finally {
if (afd != null) {
try {
afd.close();
} catch (IOException e) {}
}
}
return null;
}
在代码中调用 loadContactPhotoThumbnail() 方法以获取缩略图
Kotlin
...
/*
* Decodes the thumbnail file to a Bitmap.
*/
mThumbnailUri?.also { thumbnailUri ->
loadContactPhotoThumbnail(thumbnailUri).also { thumbnail ->
/*
* Sets the image in the QuickContactBadge
* QuickContactBadge inherits from ImageView, so
*/
badge.setImageBitmap(thumbnail)
}
}Java
...
/*
* Decodes the thumbnail file to a Bitmap.
*/
Bitmap mThumbnail =
loadContactPhotoThumbnail(thumbnailUri);
/*
* Sets the image in the QuickContactBadge
* QuickContactBadge inherits from ImageView, so
*/
badge.setImageBitmap(mThumbnail);
将 QuickContactBadge 添加到 ListView
添加 QuickContactBadge 元素
首先，将
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
android:id="@+id/quickcontact"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:scaleType="centerCrop"/>
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/quickcontact"
android:gravity="center_vertical"
android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"/>
在以下各部分内容中，此文件称为 contact_item_layout.xml。
设置自定义 CursorAdapter
您定义的
扩充一个新的
您必须替换此方法，才能获取各个子
将数据从当前的
以下代码段举例说明了
定义自定义列表适配器
Kotlin
/**
* Defines a class that hold resource IDs of each item layout
* row to prevent having to look them up each time data is
* bound to a row.
*/
private data class ViewHolder(
internal var displayname: TextView? = null,
internal var quickcontact: QuickContactBadge? = null
)
/**
*
*
*/
private inner class ContactsAdapter(
context: Context,
val inflater: LayoutInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context)
) : CursorAdapter(context, null, 0) {
...
override fun newView(
context: Context,
cursor: Cursor,
viewGroup: ViewGroup
): View {
/* Inflates the item layout. Stores resource IDs in a
* in a ViewHolder class to prevent having to look
* them up each time bindView() is called.
*/
return inflater.inflate(
R.layout.contact_list_layout,
viewGroup,
false
).also { view ->
view.tag = ViewHolder().apply {
displayname = view.findViewById(R.id.displayname)
quickcontact = view.findViewById(R.id.quickcontact)
}
}
}
...
override fun bindView(view: View?, context: Context?, cursor: Cursor?) {
(view?.tag as? ViewHolder)?.also { holder ->
cursor?.apply {
...
// Sets the display name in the layout
holder.displayname?.text = getString(displayNameIndex)
...
/*
* Generates a contact URI for the QuickContactBadge.
*/
ContactsContract.Contacts.getLookupUri(
getLong(idIndex),
cursor.getString(lookupKeyIndex)
).also { contactUri ->
holder.quickcontact?.assignContactUri(contactUri)
}
getString(photoDataIndex)?.also {photoData ->
/*
* Decodes the thumbnail file to a Bitmap.
* The method loadContactPhotoThumbnail() is defined
* in the section "Set the Contact URI and Thumbnail"
*/
loadContactPhotoThumbnail(photoData)?.also { thumbnailBitmap ->
/*
* Sets the image in the QuickContactBadge
* QuickContactBadge inherits from ImageView
*/
holder.quickcontact?.setImageBitmap(thumbnailBitmap)
}
}
}
}
}
}Java
private class ContactsAdapter extends CursorAdapter {
private LayoutInflater mInflater;
...
public ContactsAdapter(Context context) {
super(context, null, 0);
/*
* Gets an inflater that can instantiate
* the ListView layout from the file.
*/
mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
...
}
...
/**
* Defines a class that hold resource IDs of each item layout
* row to prevent having to look them up each time data is
* bound to a row.
*/
private class ViewHolder {
TextView displayname;
QuickContactBadge quickcontact;
}
...
@Override
public View newView(
Context context,
Cursor cursor,
ViewGroup viewGroup) {
/* Inflates the item layout. Stores resource IDs in a
* in a ViewHolder class to prevent having to look
* them up each time bindView() is called.
*/
final View itemView =
mInflater.inflate(
R.layout.contact_list_layout,
viewGroup,
false
);
final ViewHolder holder = new ViewHolder();
holder.displayname =
(TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.displayname);
holder.quickcontact =
(QuickContactBadge)
view.findViewById(R.id.quickcontact);
view.setTag(holder);
return view;
}
...
@Override
public void bindView(
View view,
Context context,
Cursor cursor) {
final ViewHolder holder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag();
final String photoData =
cursor.getString(photoDataIndex);
final String displayName =
cursor.getString(displayNameIndex);
...
// Sets the display name in the layout
holder.displayname = cursor.getString(displayNameIndex);
...
/*
* Generates a contact URI for the QuickContactBadge.
*/
final Uri contactUri = Contacts.getLookupUri(
cursor.getLong(idIndex),
cursor.getString(lookupKeyIndex));
holder.quickcontact.assignContactUri(contactUri);
String photoData = cursor.getString(photoDataIndex);
/*
* Decodes the thumbnail file to a Bitmap.
* The method loadContactPhotoThumbnail() is defined
* in the section "Set the Contact URI and Thumbnail"
*/
Bitmap thumbnailBitmap =
loadContactPhotoThumbnail(photoData);
/*
* Sets the image in the QuickContactBadge
* QuickContactBadge inherits from ImageView
*/
holder.quickcontact.setImageBitmap(thumbnailBitmap);
}
设置变量
在您的代码中设置变量，包括内含必要列的
注意：以下代码段使用方法 loadContactPhotoThumbnail()，该方法是在设置联系人 URI 和缩略图部分中定义的
例如：
Kotlin
/*
* Defines a projection based on platform version. This ensures
* that you retrieve the correct columns.
*/
private val PROJECTION: Array = arrayOf(
ContactsContract.Contacts._ID,
ContactsContract.Contacts.LOOKUP_KEY,
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB) {
ContactsContract.Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME_PRIMARY
} else {
ContactsContract.Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME
},
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB) {
ContactsContract.Contacts.PHOTO_FILE_ID
} else {
/*
* Although it's not necessary to include the
* column twice, this keeps the number of
* columns the same regardless of version
*/
ContactsContract.Contacts._ID
}
)
...
class ContactsFragment : Fragment(), LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks {
...
// Defines a ListView
private val listView: ListView? = null
// Defines a ContactsAdapter
private val adapter: ContactsAdapter? = null
...
// Defines a Cursor to contain the retrieved data
private val cursor: Cursor? = null
/*
* As a shortcut, defines constants for the
* column indexes in the Cursor. The index is
* 0-based and always matches the column order
* in the projection.
*/
// Column index of the _ID column
private val idIndex = 0
// Column index of the LOOKUP_KEY column
private val lookupKeyIndex = 1
// Column index of the display name column
private val displayNameIndex = 3
/*
* Column index of the photo data column.
* It's PHOTO_THUMBNAIL_URI for Honeycomb and later,
* and _ID for previous versions.
*/
private val photoDataIndex: Int =
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB) 3 else 0
...Java
public class ContactsFragment extends Fragment implements
LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks {
...
// Defines a ListView
private ListView listView;
// Defines a ContactsAdapter
private ContactsAdapter adapter;
...
// Defines a Cursor to contain the retrieved data
private Cursor cursor;
/*
* Defines a projection based on platform version. This ensures
* that you retrieve the correct columns.
*/
private static final String[] PROJECTION =
{
ContactsContract.Contacts._ID,
ContactsContract.Contacts.LOOKUP_KEY,
(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >=
Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB) ?
ContactsContract.Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME_PRIMARY :
ContactsContract.Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME
(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >=
Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB) ?
ContactsContract.Contacts.PHOTO_FILE_ID :
/*
* Although it's not necessary to include the
* column twice, this keeps the number of
* columns the same regardless of version
*/
ContactsContract.Contacts._ID
};
/*
* As a shortcut, defines constants for the
* column indexes in the Cursor. The index is
* 0-based and always matches the column order
* in the projection.
*/
// Column index of the _ID column
private int idIndex = 0;
// Column index of the LOOKUP_KEY column
private int lookupKeyIndex = 1;
// Column index of the display name column
private int displayNameIndex = 3;
/*
* Column index of the photo data column.
* It's PHOTO_THUMBNAIL_URI for Honeycomb and later,
* and _ID for previous versions.
*/
private int photoDataIndex =
Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB ?
3 :
0;
...
设置 ListView
Kotlin
override fun onCreateView(
inflater: LayoutInflater,
container: ViewGroup?,
savedInstanceState: Bundle?
): View? {
return inflater.inflate(...).let { view ->
...
/*
* Gets a handle to the ListView in the file
* contact_list_layout.xml
*/
listView = view.findViewById(R.id.contact_list)
mAdapter?.also {
listView?.adapter = it
}
...
}
}
...Java
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater,
ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View view = inflater.inflate(...)
...
/*
* Gets a handle to the ListView in the file
* contact_list_layout.xml
*/
listView = (ListView) view.findViewById(R.id.contact_list_view);
if (listView != null && adapter != null) {
listView.setAdapter(adapter);
}
...
}
...
在 ContactsAdapter 绑定到
Kotlin
override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState)
/*
* Instantiates the subclass of
* CursorAdapter
*/
mAdapter = activity?.let {
ContactsAdapter(it).also { adapter ->
// Sets up the adapter for the ListView
listView?.adapter = adapter
}
}
}Java
@Override
public void onViewCreated(@NonNull View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
...
/*
* Instantiates the subclass of
* CursorAdapter
*/
mAdapter = new ContactsAdapter(getActivity());
// Sets up the adapter for the ListView
if (listView != null && mAdapter != null) {
listView.setAdapter(mAdapter);
}
...
}
...
Kotlin
override fun onLoadFinished(loader: Loader, cursor: Cursor) {
// When the loader has completed, swap the cursor into the adapter.
mAdapter?.swapCursor(cursor)
}Java
public void onLoadFinished(Loader loader, Cursor cursor) {
// When the loader has completed, swap the cursor into the adapter.
mAdapter.swapCursor(cursor);
}
Kotlin
override fun onLoaderReset(loader: Loader) {
// Removes remaining reference to the previous Cursor
adapter?.swapCursor(null)
}Java
@Override
public void onLoaderReset(Loader loader) {
// Removes remaining reference to the previous Cursor
adapter.swapCursor(null);
}
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