Oracle 19c 参数列表及概要介绍

Oracle 19c包括5412个参数，各参数概要内容如下：

PARAMETER	DESCRIPTION	VALUE
__asm_max_connected_clients	The high water mark value for connected clients	3
__data_transfer_cache_size	Actual size of data transfer cache	0
__db_16k_cache_xmem_size_metadata	Size of extended cache metadata for 16k buffer pool	0
__db_2k_cache_xmem_size_metadata	Size of extended cache metadata for 2k buffer pool	0
__db_32k_cache_xmem_size_metadata	Size of extended cache metadata for 32k buffer pool	0
__db_4k_cache_xmem_size_metadata	Size of extended cache metadata for 4k buffer pool	0
__db_8k_cache_xmem_size_metadata	Size of extended cache metadata for 8k buffer pool	0
__db_cache_size	Actual size of DEFAULT buffer pool for standard block size buffers	1459617792
__db_cache_xmem_size_metadata	Size of extended memory metadata of DEFAULT buffer pool for standard block size buffers	0
__db_keep_cache_xmem_size_metadata	Size of extended cache metadata of KEEP buffer pool for standard block size buffers	0
__db_recycle_cache_xmem_size_metadata	Size of extended memory metadata of recycle buffer pool for standard block size buffers	0
__dg_broker_service_names	service names for broker use
__inmemory_ext_roarea	Actual size in bytes of inmemory ro extension area	0
__inmemory_ext_rwarea	Actual size in bytes of inmemory rw extension area	0
__java_pool_size	Actual size in bytes of java pool	0
__large_pool_size	Actual size in bytes of large pool	33554432
__latch_test_param	latch test parameter	0
__maintenance_is_planned	Is maintenance scheduled soon?	0
__memoptimize_xmem_pool_size_metadata	Size of extended cache metadata of MEMOPTIMIZE buffer pool for standard block size buffers	0
__oracle_base	ORACLE_BASE
__persistent_cl2_slave_size	Actual size of slave cluster flash cache for default block size	0
__pga_aggregate_target	Current target size for the aggregate PGA memory consumed	520093696
__reload_lsnr	reload listener
__sga_current_size	Current size for PDB SGA	0
__sga_target	Actual size of SGA	2063597568
__shared_io_pool_size	Actual size of shared IO pool	100663296
__shared_pool_size	Actual size in bytes of shared pool	452984832
__streams_pool_size	Actual size in bytes of streams pool	0
__unified_pga_pool_size	Actual size in bytes of unified pga pool	0
__wait_test_param	wait test parameter	0
_4030_dump_bitvec	bitvec to specify dumps prior to 4030 error	4095
_4031_dump_bitvec	bitvec to specify dumps prior to 4031 error	67194879
_4031_dump_interval	Dump 4031 error once for each n-second interval	300
_4031_max_dumps	Maximum number of 4031 dumps for this process	100
_4031_sga_dump_interval	Dump 4031 SGA heapdump error once for each n-second interval	3600
_4031_sga_max_dumps	Maximum number of SGA heapdumps	10
_abort_on_mrp_crash	abort database instance when MRP crashes	FALSE
_abort_recovery_on_join	if TRUE, abort recovery on join reconfigurations	FALSE
_ac_enable_dscn_in_rac	Enable Dependent Commit SCN tracking	FALSE
_ac_strict_SCN_check	enforce strict SCN check for AC replay across DG failover	FALSE
_accept_versions	List of parameters for rolling operation
_active_instance_count	number of active instances in the cluster database
_active_session_idle_limit	active session idle limit	5
_active_session_legacy_behavior	active session legacy behavior	FALSE
_active_standby_fast_reconfiguration	if TRUE optimize dlm reconfiguration for active/standby OPS	TRUE
_adaptive_direct_read	Adaptive Direct Read	TRUE
_adaptive_direct_write	Adaptive Direct Write	TRUE
_adaptive_fetch_enabled	enable/disable adaptive fetch in parallel group by	TRUE
_adaptive_log_file_sync_high_switch_freq_threshold	Threshold for frequent log file sync mode switches (per minute)	3
_adaptive_log_file_sync_poll_aggressiveness	Polling interval selection bias (conservative=0, aggressive=100)	0
_adaptive_log_file_sync_sampling_count	Evaluate post/wait versus polling every N writes	128
_adaptive_log_file_sync_sampling_time	Evaluate post/wait versus polling every N seconds	3
_adaptive_log_file_sync_sched_delay_window	Window (in seconds) for measuring average scheduling delay	60
_adaptive_log_file_sync_use_polling_threshold	Ratio of redo synch time to expected poll time as a percentage	110
_adaptive_log_file_sync_use_postwait_threshold	Percentage of foreground load from when post/wait was last used	50
_adaptive_log_file_sync_use_postwait_threshold_aging	Permille of foreground load from when post/wait was last used	1001
_adaptive_scalable_log_writer_disable_worker_threshold	Percentage of overlap across multiple outstanding writes	50
_adaptive_scalable_log_writer_enable_worker_aging	Per million of redo gen rate when LGWR workers were last used	999900
_adaptive_scalable_log_writer_enable_worker_threshold	Increase in redo generation rate as a percentage	200
_adaptive_scalable_log_writer_sampling_count	Evaluate single versus scalable LGWR every N writes	128
_adaptive_scalable_log_writer_sampling_time	Evaluate single versus scalable LGWR every N seconds	3
_adaptive_window_consolidator_enabled	enable/disable adaptive window consolidator PX plan	TRUE
_add_col_optim_enabled	Allows new add column optimization	TRUE
_add_nullable_column_with_default_optim	Allows add of a nullable column with default optimization	TRUE
_add_stale_mv_to_dependency_list	add stale mv to dependency list	TRUE
_add_trim_for_nlssort	add trimming for fixed char semantics	TRUE
_addm_auto_actions_enabled	determines if ADDM can automatically implement its recommendations	TRUE
_addm_auto_enable	governs whether ADDM gets run automatically after every AWR snapshot	TRUE
_addm_skiprules	comma-separated list of ADDM nodes to skip
_addm_version_check	governs whether ADDM checks the input AWR snapshot version	TRUE
_adg_adt_redirect_apply_lag_threshold	Maximum centi-secends of apply lag threshold	12000
_adg_adt_redirect_catchup_wait_time	Maximum centi-secends for standby to catch up	12000
_adg_auto_close_pdb	ADG recovery auto close PDB upon PDB drop/unplug/rename marker	TRUE
_adg_count_beyond_limit	Count the total number of objects if beyond redo marker length.	0
_adg_defer_segstat	Defer the segment statistics update on standby.	TRUE
_adg_distributed_lockmaster	standby runs under ADG distributed lockmaster mode	FALSE
_adg_influx_qscn_gap	maximium time gap between influx scn and qscn update in seconds	0
_adg_instance_recovery	enable ADG instance recovery	TRUE
_adg_objectlock_attempts	Maximum attemps for objectlock get on ADG	2
_adg_objectlock_maxnum	The maximum limit of the objectlock number on ADG	1000
_adg_objectlock_timeout	timeout for objectlock get on ADG in centiseconds	0
_adg_parselock_timeout	timeout for parselock get on ADG in centiseconds	0
_adg_parselock_timeout_sleep	sleep duration after a parselock timeout on ADG in milliseconds	100
_adg_redirect_upd_to_primary_max_retries	max retries for ADT redirect to Primary from ADG	500
_adjust_literal_replacement	If TRUE, we will adjust the SQL/PLUS output	FALSE
_adr_migrate_runonce	Enable/disable ADR Migrate Runonce action	TRUE
_advanced_index_compression_cmp_options	advanced index compression cmp options	0
_advanced_index_compression_opt_options	advanced index compression opt options	0
_advanced_index_compression_options	advanced index compression options	0
_advanced_index_compression_options_value	advanced index compression options2	0
_advanced_index_compression_recmp_crsz	advanced index compression limit recomp cr	10
_advanced_index_compression_recmp_cusz	advanced index compression limit recomp cu	90
_advanced_index_compression_recmp_nprg	advanced index compression limit recomp pu	10
_advanced_index_compression_trace	advanced index compression trace	0
_advanced_index_compression_tst_options	advanced index compression tst options	0
_advanced_index_compression_umem_options	advanced index compression umem options	2147483647
_afd_disable_fence	Disable AFD fencing	FALSE
_affinity_on	enable/disable affinity at run time	TRUE
_aged_out_cursor_cache_time	number of seconds an aged out session cached cursor stay in cache	300
_aggregation_optimization_settings	settings for aggregation optimizations	0
_aiowait_timeouts	Number of aiowait timeouts before error is reported	100
_alert_expiration	seconds before an alert message is moved to exception queue	604800
_alert_message_cleanup	Enable Alert Message Cleanup	1
_alert_message_purge	Enable Alert Message Purge	1
_alert_post_background	Enable Background Alert Posting	1
_all_shared_dblinks	treat all dblinks as shared
_alloc_perm_as_free	allocate permanent chunks as freeable	FALSE
_allocate_creation_order	should files be examined in creation order during allocation	FALSE
_allocate_flashback_buffer	Allocate flashback buffer at mount time even if flashback is off	FALSE
_allocation_update_interval	interval at which successful search in L1 should be updated	3
_allow_cell_smart_scan_attr	Allow checking smart_scan_capable Attr	TRUE
_allow_commutativity	allow for commutativity of +, * when comparing expressions	TRUE
_allow_compatibility_adv_w_grp	allow advancing DB compatibility with guaranteed restore points	FALSE
_allow_convert_to_standby	allow convert to standby to go through	FALSE
_allow_cross_endian_dictionary	Allow cross-endian data dictionary	FALSE
_allow_drop_snapshot_standby_grsp	Allow dropping snapshot standby guaranteed restore point	FALSE
_allow_drop_ts_with_grp	Allow drop Tablespace with guaranteed restore points	FALSE
_allow_error_simulation	Allow error simulation for testing	FALSE
_allow_file_1_offline_error_1245	don’t signal ORA-1245 due to file 1 being offline	FALSE
_allow_insert_with_update_check	Allow INSERT as statement_types when update_check is FALSE	FALSE
_allow_level_without_connect_by	allow level without connect by	FALSE
_allow_read_only_corruption	allow read-only open even if database is corrupt	FALSE
_allow_resetlogs_corruption	allow resetlogs even if it will cause corruption	FALSE
_allow_terminal_recovery_corruption	Finish terminal recovery even if it may cause corruption	FALSE
_AllowMultInsteadofDDLTrigger	Oracle internal parameter to allow multiple instead of DDL triggers	0
_alter_adg_redirect_behavior	Alter ADG’s Redirection behavior	none
_alter_upgrade_signature_only	alter table upgrade only sets signature	FALSE
_alternate_iot_leaf_block_split_points	enable alternate index-organized table leaf-block split-points	TRUE
_always_anti_join	always use this method for anti-join when possible	CHOOSE
_always_semi_join	always use this method for semi-join when possible	CHOOSE
_always_star_transformation	always favor use of star transformation	FALSE
_always_vector_transformation	always favor use of vector transformation	FALSE
_analyze_comprehensive	Analyze comprehensive mode	FALSE
_and_pruning_enabled	allow partition pruning based on multiple mechanisms	TRUE
_app_container_debug	Enable Debug tracing in Application container	0
_app_default_containers	containers_default and container_map enabled by default on MDL application object	FALSE
_app_ignore_errors	ignore errors during containers() on application object	TRUE
_app_replay_silent_errors	silently ignore all errors during application sync	FALSE
_application_purge_enabled	Is an application purge allowed	TRUE
_application_script	Running an application script	FALSE
_apppdb_multi_slave_sync	Multiple slaves used during Application sync	FALSE
_appqos_cdb_setting	QoSM CDB Performance Class Setting	0
_appqos_po_multiplier	Multiplier for PC performance objective value	1000
_appqos_qt	System Queue time retrieval interval	10
_approx_cnt_distinct_gby_pushdown	perform group-by pushdown for approximate distinct count query	choose
_approx_cnt_distinct_optimization	settings for approx_count_distinct optimizations	0
_approx_perc_sampling_err_rate	error rate percentage of approximate percentile using sampling	2
_approx_percentile_optimization	settings for approx_percentile optimization	0
_apx_root_directory	APX default root directory	APX
_aq_addpt_batch_size	Add PT batch Size	1
_aq_dly_bkt	Delay Bucket Size	2
_aq_dq_prefetch_Siz	AQ PT DQ prefech Size	5
_aq_dqblocks_in_cache	deq blocks in cache	0
_aq_droppt_batch_size	Drop PT batch Size	5
_aq_free_list_pools	state object and transaction memory pools	10
_aq_init_shards	Minimum enqueue shards per queue at an instance	5
_aq_ipc_max_slave	maximum number of slaves for knlpipcm	10
_aq_latency_absolute_threshold	Absolute threshold greater than average latency	300
_aq_latency_relative_threshold	Relative threshold of average latency	100
_aq_lb_cycle	Time(seconds) between consecutive AQ load balancing efforts	120
_aq_lb_garbage_col_interval	AQ LB garbage collect interval	600
_aq_lb_stats_collect_cycle	Time(seconds) between consecutive AQ load statistics collection	45
_aq_lb_subht_bkt_ltch	AQ LB subscriber ht bucket latches	32
_aq_lb_subht_elm_ltch	AQ LB subscriber ht element latches	128
_aq_lookback_size	AQ PT Look Back Size	60
_aq_max_pdb_close_msg	Max Number of AQ Recovery Messages when pdb is closed	1
_aq_max_scan_delay	Maximum allowable scan delay for AQ indexes and IOTs	1500
_aq_opt_background_enabled	AQ: OPT Operations Background enabled	TRUE
_aq_opt_enabled	AQ: OPT Operations enabled	TRUE
_aq_opt_fudge_factor	AQ: OPT Fudge Factor for pre-fretching	500
_aq_opt_min_evict_memory	AQ: OPT LWM memory for eviction to stop	0
_aq_opt_preevict_dop	AQ: OPT Background: PreEvict Degree Of Parallelism	3
_aq_opt_prefetch_dop	AQ: OPT Background: Prefetch Degree Of Parallelism	3
_aq_opt_prefetch_horizon	AQ: OPT horizon for pre-fretching	60
_aq_opt_stat_window	AQ: OPT Subscriber Statistics Window Size	21600
_aq_opt_stop_stat	AQ: OPT Stop Collection of Subscriber Statistics	FALSE
_aq_pt_processes	Partition background processes	10
_aq_pt_shrink_frequency	PT shrink window Size	1450
_aq_pt_statistics_window	PT statistics sample window Size	60
_aq_qt_prefetch_Size	AQ PT QT prefech Size	5
_aq_retry_timeouts	retry timeouts	0
_aq_scrambled_deqlog	scrambled deqlog	1
_aq_shard_bitmap_child_latches	Bitmap child latches	32
_aq_shard_child_latches	Shard child latches	512
_aq_shard_prty_latches	Shard priority child latches	16
_aq_shard_retry_child_latches	Retry child latches	32
_aq_shard_sub_child_Elem_latches	Subscriber Element child latches	1024
_aq_shard_sub_child_latches	Subscriber child latches	512
_aq_shard_txn_child_latches	Txn child latches	128
_aq_stop_backgrounds	Stop all AQ background processes	FALSE
_aq_streaming_threshold	large payload threshold size	10485760
_aq_subshard_Size	Sub Shard Size	20000
_aq_subshards_per_dqpartition	SubShards Per Deq Partition	1
_aq_subshards_per_qpartition	SubShards Per Q Partition	1
_aq_tm_deqcountinterval	dequeue count interval for Time Managers to cleanup DEQ IOT BLOCKS	0
_aq_tm_scanlimit	scan limit for Time Managers to clean up IOT	0
_aq_tm_statistics_duration	statistics collection window duration	0
_aq_truncpt_batch_size	Trunc PT batch Size	1
_aq_Txn_ht_sz	Message cache Txn Hash table size	1024
_aq_uncached_stats	Uncached Stats	0
_aq_x_mode	AQ - cross mode	1
_aq_x_msg_size	AQ cross single message buffer size	32768
_aqsharded_cache_limit	Limit for cached enqueue/dequeue operations	0
_arch_comp_dbg_scan	archive compression scan debug	0
_arch_comp_dec_block_check_dump	decompress archive compression blocks for checking and dumping	1
_arch_compress_checksums	enable/disable row checksums for archive compressed blocks	FALSE
_arch_compression	archive compression enabled	TRUE
_arch_io_slaves	ARCH I/O slaves	0
_arch_sim_mode	Change behavior of local archiving	0
_array_cdb_view_enabled	array mode enabled for CDB views	TRUE
_array_update_vector_read_enabled	Enable array update vector read	FALSE
_ash_compression_enable	To enable or disable string compression in ASH	TRUE
_ash_disk_filter_ratio	Ratio of the number of in-memory samples to the number of samples actually written to disk	10
_ash_disk_write_enable	To enable or disable Active Session History flushing	TRUE
_ash_dummy_test_param	Oracle internal dummy ASH parameter used ONLY for testing!	0
_ash_eflush_trigger	The percentage above which if the in-memory ASH is full the emergency flusher will be triggered	66
_ash_enable	To enable or disable Active Session sampling and flushing	TRUE
_ash_min_mmnl_dump	Minimum Time interval passed to consider MMNL Dump	90
_ash_progressive_flush_interval	ASH Progressive Flush interval in secs	300
_ash_sample_all	To enable or disable sampling every connected session including ones waiting for idle waits	FALSE
_ash_sampling_interval	Time interval between two successive Active Session samples in millisecs	1000
_ash_size	To set the size of the in-memory Active Session History buffers	1048618
_asm_access	ASM File access mechanism	auto
_asm_access_assume_local	Assume IOS client is in the same cluster as IOS	FALSE
_asm_acd_chunks	initial ACD chunks created	1
_asm_admin_with_sysdba	Does the sysdba role have administrative privileges on ASM?	FALSE
_asm_allow_appliance_dropdisk_noforce	Allow DROP DISK/FAILUREGROUP NOFORCE on ASM Appliances	FALSE
_asm_allow_dangerous_unprotected_volumes	Disable checking for unprotected volumes in mirrored disk groups	FALSE
_asm_allow_dgname_special_chars	Enable the use of special characters in diskgroup names	FALSE
_asm_allow_foreign_siteguids	Disable checking for foreign siteguid on a given node
_asm_allow_lvm_resilvering	Enable disk resilvering for external redundancy	TRUE
_asm_allow_older_clients	Allow older clients to connect to the ASM server	FALSE
_asm_allow_only_raw_disks	Discovery only raw devices	TRUE
_asm_allow_prepare_split	Allow database prepare and split in non-appliance mode	TRUE
_asm_allow_small_memory_target	Allow a small memory_target for ASM instances	FALSE
_asm_allow_system_alias_rename	if system alias renaming is allowed	FALSE
_asm_allow_unsafe_reconnect	attempt unsafe reconnect to ASM	TRUE
_asm_allowdegeneratemounts	Allow force-mounts of DGs w/o proper quorum	FALSE
_asm_appliance_config_file	Appliance configuration file name
_asm_appliance_disable_fg_check	Disable failure group check	FALSE
_asm_appliance_ignore_oak	Ignore OAK appliance library	FALSE
_asm_appliance_slot_from_path	Get appliance disk slot from disk path	FALSE
_asm_asmb_max_wait_timeout	timeout before processes are signaled with network interrupt	6
_asm_asmb_rcvto	Receive timeout for ASMB in seconds	10
_asm_async_scrub_reap_wait	Async scrubbing reaping IO wait in microseconds	100000
_asm_audit_sp_param	ASM audit spare parameter
_asm_ausize	allocation unit size	1048576
_asm_auto_online_interval	auto online interval
_asm_automatic_rezone	automatically rebalance free space across zones	TRUE
_asm_avoid_pst_scans	Avoid PST Scans	TRUE
_asm_blksize	metadata block size	4096
_asm_br_listener_port	Bitrotter listener port for testing purpose	51521
_asm_brfuzz_ios_lsnrport	IOS listener port for fuzzing with Bitrotter	0
_asm_cancel_alert_time	Wait time for I/O cancel alert message (in seconds)	600
_asm_cancel_delta	Delta timeout for blocking big writes in milliseconds	75000
_asm_cclient_cleanup_timeout	timeout before cleaning up remote cluster clients	300
_asm_check_for_misbehaving_cf_clients	check for misbehaving CF-holding clients	FALSE
_asm_compatibility	default ASM compatibility level	11.2.0.2
_asm_dba_batch	ASM Disk Based Allocation Max Batch Size	500000
_asm_dba_spcchk_thld	ASM Disk Based Allocation Space Check Threshold	100000
_asm_dba_threshold	ASM Disk Based Allocation Threshold	0
_asm_dbmsdg_nohdrchk	dbms_diskgroup.checkfile does not check block headers	FALSE
_asm_dependency_under_cfenqueue	Send dependency request if holding CF enqueue	TRUE
_asm_diag_dead_clients	diagnostics for dead clients	FALSE
_asm_direct_con_expire_time	Expire time for idle direct connection to ASM instance	120
_asm_disable_amdu_dump	Disable AMDU dump	FALSE
_asm_disable_async_msgs	disable async intra-instance messaging	FALSE
_asm_disable_dangerous_failgroup_checking	Disable checking for dubious failgroup configurations	FALSE
_asm_disable_failgroup_count_checking	Disable checking for failure group count	FALSE
_asm_disable_failgroup_size_checking	Disable checking for failure group size	FALSE
_asm_disable_multiple_instance_check	Disable checking for multiple ASM instances on a given node	FALSE
_asm_disable_patch_compat	disable DG patch compatibility checks	FALSE
_asm_disable_proact_client_cleanup	disable proactive client cleanup	FALSE
_asm_disable_profilediscovery	disable profile query for discovery	FALSE
_asm_disable_request_tracer	Disable kfioRqTracer	TRUE
_asm_disable_smr_creation	Do Not create smr	FALSE
_asm_disable_ufg_dump	disable terminated umbilicus diagnostic	FALSE
_asm_disable_ufgmemberkill	disable ufg member kill	FALSE
_asm_disable_vtoc_check	Disable vtoc/sector 0 check	FALSE
_asm_disable_vxn_map_messages	disable using vxn map messages	FALSE
_asm_disk_repair_time	seconds to wait before dropping a failing disk	14400
_asm_diskerr_traces	Number of read/write errors per disk a process can trace	2
_asm_diskgroups2	disk groups to mount automatically set 2
_asm_diskgroups3	disk groups to mount automatically set 3
_asm_diskgroups4	disk groups to mount automatically set 4
_asm_emulate_nfs_disk	Emulate NFS disk test event	FALSE
_asm_emulmax	max number of concurrent disks to emulate I /O errors	10000
_asm_emultimeout	timeout before emulation begins (in 3s ticks)	0
_asm_enable_batch_scrub	Allow scrubbing verification to run in batch mode	FALSE
_asm_enable_kfios	Enable KFIOS module	FALSE
_asm_enable_kfks	Enable KFKS module	FALSE
_asm_enable_lostwrite_scrub	Allow lost write detection in scrubbing	FALSE
_asm_enable_multiple_asmb	Allow the ASM client to have multiple ASMB background processes	TRUE
_asm_enable_parity_datafile_creation	Enable parity datafiles creation	FALSE
_asm_enable_parity_scrub	Allow scrubbing parity files	FALSE
_asm_enable_parityfile_creation	Enable parity files creation	TRUE
_asm_enable_repair_lostwrite_scrub	Allow repairing lost write in scrubbing	FALSE
_asm_enable_xrov	Enable XROV capability	FALSE
_asm_evenread	ASM Even Read level	2
_asm_evenread_alpha	ASM Even Read Alpha	0
_asm_evenread_alpha2	ASM Even Read Second Alpha	0
_asm_evenread_faststart	ASM Even Read Fast Start Threshold	0
_asm_fail_random_rx	Randomly fail some RX enqueue gets	FALSE
_asm_fd_cln_idle_sess_twait	Idle session time wait to run ASM FD cleanup	60000000
_asm_fd_cln_on_fg	ASM stale FD cleanup on foregrounds	TRUE
_asm_fob_tac_frequency	Timeout frequency for FOB cleanup	9
_asm_force_parity_extent_check	Force parity extent integrity check	FALSE
_asm_force_paritycheck_rebalance	Force parity extent integrity check during rebalance	FALSE
_asm_force_quiesce	Force diskgroup quiescing	FALSE
_asm_force_vam	force VAM for external redundancy	FALSE
_asm_global_dump_level	System state dump level for ASM asserts	267
_asm_hbeatiowait	number of secs to wait for PST Async Hbeat IO return	120
_asm_hbeatwaitquantum	quantum used to compute time-to-wait for a PST Hbeat check	2
_asm_healthcheck_timeout	seconds until health check takes action	180
_asm_idn_processes	number of global open processes	0
_asm_imbalance_tolerance	hundredths of a percentage of inter-disk imbalance to tolerate	3
_asm_instlock_quota	ASM Instance Lock Quota	0
_asm_ios_network_domains	number of domains in ASM IOSERVER instance	0
_asm_ios_network_processes	number network processes per domain in ASM IOSERVER instance	0
_asm_iosconnect_timeout	Time (in 3secs multiples) before db gives up on connecting to IOS	0
_asm_iostat_latch_count	ASM I/O statistics latch count	31
_asm_iowp_max_async	maximum async IOs per IO worker process	0
_asm_kfdpevent	KFDP event	0
_asm_kill_unresponsive_clients	kill unresponsive ASM clients	TRUE
_asm_libraries	library search order for discovery	ufs
_asm_log_scale_rebalance	Rebalance power uses logarithmic scale	FALSE
_asm_lsod_bucket_size	ASM lsod bucket size	67
_asm_max_aux_cods	maximum number of auxiliary cods in sparse disk groups	5
_asm_max_clients	maximum number of clients this IOS instance can service	1000
_asm_max_cod_strides	maximum number of COD strides	10
_asm_max_connected_clients	The high water mark value for connected clients	3
_asm_max_parallelios	Maximum simultaneous outstanding IOs	256
_asm_max_redo_buffer_size	asm maximum redo buffer size	2097152
_asm_maxio	Maximum size of individual I/O request	1048576
_asm_min_compatibility	default mininum ASM compatibility level	11.2.0.2
_asm_netp_factor	number of network processes per net	0
_asm_netp_iosize	maximum io size	0
_asm_network_timeout	Keepalive timeout for ASM network connections	1
_asm_networks	ASM network subnet addresses
_asm_node_site_guid	ASM site GUID of node
_asm_nodekill_escalate_time	secs until escalating to nodekill if fence incomplete	180
_asm_noevenread_diskgroups	List of disk groups having even read disabled
_asm_oda_type	ODA Type
_asm_odapremchk	Check premature storage for ODA	TRUE
_asm_offload_all	Offload all write operations to Exadata cells, when supported	FALSE
_asm_partner_target_disk_part	target maximum number of disk partners for repartnering	8
_asm_partner_target_fg_rel	target maximum number of failure group relationships for repartnering	4
_asm_primary_load	Number of cycles/extents to load for non-mirrored files	1
_asm_primary_load_cycles	True if primary load is in cycles, false if extent counts	TRUE
_asm_procs_trace_diskerr	Number of processes allowed to trace a disk failure	5
_asm_proxy_online_restart	Allow patching while ADVM volumes are online	0
_asm_proxy_startwait	Maximum time to wait for ASM proxy connection	60
_asm_pstonpartners	Select ideal PST disks following partnership	TRUE
_asm_random_zone	Random zones for new files	FALSE
_asm_read_cancel	Read cancel timeout in milliseconds	AUTO
_asm_read_cancel_back_out	Time period in milliseconds when no reads are issued to a disk after a read is cancelled	5000
_asm_rebalance_estimates_process	Perform rebalance estimates in ARB-A process	TRUE
_asm_rebalance_plan_size	maximum rebalance work unit	120
_asm_rebalance_space_errors	number of out of space errors allowed before aborting rebalance	1000
_asm_reloc_cic	Allow relocation during rolling migration	FALSE
_asm_relocation_async_lock_count	limit of asynchronous map locks during relocation	128
_asm_relocation_ignore_hard_failure	ignore HARD for relocation	0
_asm_relocation_scheme	ASM allocation / relocation scheme	alloc_p2 alloc_s3 reb_p2 reb_s1 bal_p2 bal_s3 prep_p2 prep_s3
_asm_relocation_trace	enable extent relocation tracing	FALSE
_asm_remote_client_timeout	timeout before killing disconnected remote clients	300
_asm_repairquantum	quantum (in 3s) used to compute elapsed time for disk drop	60
_asm_reserve_slaves	reserve ASM slaves for CF txns	TRUE
_asm_resyncCkpt	number of extents to resync before flushing checkpoint	1024
_asm_root_directory	ASM default root directory	ASM
_asm_runtime_capability_volume_support	runtime capability for volume support returns supported	FALSE
_asm_scrub_async	Enable asynchronous scrubbing	TRUE
_asm_scrub_disable_cod	Disable scrubbing COD	FALSE
_asm_scrub_limit	ASM disk scrubbing power	AUTO
_asm_scrub_strict	Enable strict scrubbing mode	FALSE
_asm_scrub_unmatched_dba	Scrub maximum number of blocks with unmatched DBA	1024
_asm_secondary_load	Number of cycles/extents to load for mirrored files	10000
_asm_secondary_load_cycles	True if secondary load is in cycles, false if extent counts	FALSE
_asm_serialize_volume_rebalance	Serialize volume rebalance	FALSE
_asm_shadow_cycle	Inverse shadow cycle requirement	3
_asm_skip_dbfile_ios	Skip I/Os to database files (do only ASM metadata I/O)	FALSE
_asm_skip_diskval_check	skip client side discovery for disk revalidate	FALSE
_asm_skip_rename_check	skip the checking of the clients for s/w compatibility for rename	FALSE
_asm_skip_resize_check	skip the checking of the clients for s/w compatibility for resize	FALSE
_asm_storagemaysplit	PST Split Possible	FALSE
_asm_stripesize	ASM file stripe size	131072
_asm_stripewidth	ASM file stripe width	8
_asm_sync_rebalance	Rebalance uses sync I/O	FALSE
_asm_tcp_user_timeout	TCP_USER_TIMEOUT in minutes	1
_asm_trace_limit_timeout	Time-out in milliseconds to reset the number of traces per disk and the number of processes allowed to trace	30000
_asm_ufg_nw_wait_timeout	seconds to start health check on unresponsive clients	10
_asm_usd_batch	ASM USD Update Max Batch Size	64
_asm_wait_time	Max/imum time to wait before asmb exits	18
_asm_write_badfdata_in_contentcheck	Write BADFDA7A in content check	FALSE
_asm_write_cancel	Write timeout in milliseconds	AUTO
_asm_xrov_nstats	Specify number of IOs before stats	0
_asm_xrov_nvios	Specify number of VIO processes	24
_asm_xrov_rsnmod	Specify ‘reason’ mode	2
_asm_xrov_single	Enable single issues of IOs	FALSE
_asm_zero_power_limit	allow setting zero power limit
_asmsid	ASM instance id	asm
_assert_encrypted_tablespace_blocks	if TRUE, assert encrypted tablespace blocks must be encrypted	TRUE
_assm_default	ASSM default	TRUE
_assm_examination_blocks_threshold	ASSM get space number of fuzzy blocks to examine	8196
_assm_examination_enable_sla	ASSM get space enable examination limits	FALSE
_assm_examination_time_threshold	ASSM get space examination time threshold in seconds	60
_assm_force_fetchmeta	enable metadata block fetching in ASSM segment scan	FALSE
_assm_high_gsp_threshold	Number of blocks rejected before growing segment	11024
_assm_l1cleanout_throttle_time	L1 bitmap block cleanout throttle time in seconds	3
_assm_latency_sampling_frequency	ASSM Latency sampling frequency in seconds	0
_assm_low_gsp_threshold	Number of blocks rejected before collecting stats	10000
_assm_segment_extension_percent	Percent of full blocks after which segment is extended	100
_assm_segment_repair_bg	ASSM Segment repair: bg enable	TRUE
_assm_segment_repair_fg	ASSM Segment repair: fg	0
_assm_segment_repair_maxblks	ASSM Segment repair: Max blocks per slave	4294967294
_assm_segment_repair_timelimit	ASSM Segment repair: Max time in seconds per slave	60
_assm_space_cache_hb_expire	Seconds after which higher order bitmaps expire from space cache	3
_assm_space_cache_max_segments	ASSM Maximum Segments to Track	1024
_assm_test_force_rej	assm min number of blocks to cbk-reject	0
_assm_test_force_rej2	assm min number of blocks to kdt-reject	0
_assm_test_reentrant_gsp	assm test reentrant gsp	FALSE
_async_recovery_claims	if TRUE, issue recovery claims asynchronously	TRUE
_async_recovery_reads	if TRUE, issue recovery reads asynchronously	TRUE
_async_rta_broadcast	asynchronously broadcast RTA boundary	FALSE
_async_scn_sync	Asynchronous SCN Sync Setting	OFF
_async_ts_threshold	check tablespace thresholds asynchronously	1
_atp_block_size_default	ATP setting block size to 8K	TRUE
_auto_assign_cg_for_sessions	auto assign CGs for sessions	FALSE
_auto_bmr	enable/disable Auto BMR	enabled
_auto_bmr_bg_time	Auto BMR Process Run Time	3600
_auto_bmr_fc_time	Auto BMR Flood Control Time	60
_auto_bmr_file_header	Enable Auto BMR for file header fix	TRUE
_auto_bmr_max_rowno	x$krbabrstat Max number of rows	1024
_auto_bmr_noretry_window	Auto BMR NoRetry Window	1800
_auto_bmr_pub_timeout	Auto BMR Publish Timeout	10
_auto_bmr_req_timeout	Auto BMR Requester Timeout	60
_auto_bmr_sess_threshold	Auto BMR Request Session Threshold	30
_auto_bmr_sys_threshold	Auto BMR Request System Threshold	100
_auto_dismount_on_pdb_close	Enable implicit PDB dismount on PDB close	FALSE
_auto_export_preplugin_backup	auto export pre-plugin backup	TRUE
_auto_manage_enable_offline_check	perodically check for OFFLINE disks and attempt to ONLINE	TRUE
_auto_manage_enable_smart_rebalance	OFFLINE instead of DROP disk(s) when free space is not enough for rebalance	TRUE
_auto_manage_exadata_disks	Automate Exadata disk management	TRUE
_auto_manage_infreq_tout	TEST: Set infrequent timeout action to run at this interval, unit is seconds	0
_auto_manage_ioctl_bufsz	oss_ioctl buffer size, to read and respond to cell notifications	8192
_auto_manage_max_online_tries	Max. attempts to auto ONLINE an ASM disk	3
_auto_manage_num_pipe_msgs	Max. number of out-standing msgs in the KXDAM pipe	1000
_auto_manage_num_tries	Num. tries before giving up on a automation operation	2
_auto_manage_online_tries_expire_time	Allow Max. attempts to auto ONLINE an ASM disk after lapsing this time (unit in seconds)	86400
_auto_manage_smart_rebalance_grace_period_in_min	Number of minutes waited after ASM diskgroup free space increases and becomes sufficient for rebalance before dropping an ASM disk offlined due to insufficient free space	0
_auto_manage_smart_rebalance_space_threshold	Percentage of ASM diskgroup free space required for rebalance	0
_auto_rcv_pdb_open	enable automatic recovery during pdb open	1
_auto_rekey_during_mrcv	enable automatic rekey during media recovery	TRUE
_auto_start_pdb_services	Automatically start all PDB services on PDB Open	FALSE
_automatic_maintenance_test	Enable AUTOTASK Test Mode	0
_automemory_broker_interval	memory broker statistics gathering interval for auto memory	3
_autotask_max_window	Maximum Logical Maintenance Window Length in minutes	480
_autotask_min_window	Minimum Maintenance Window Length in minutes	15
_autotask_test_action	test action parameter for AUTOTASK	0
_autotask_test_name	Name of current Autotask Test (or test step)	N/A
_autotbs_management_enabled	allow automatic tablespace management	FALSE
_autotune_gtx_idle_time	idle time to trigger auto-shutdown a gtx background process	600
_autotune_gtx_interval	interval to autotune global transaction background processes	5
_autotune_gtx_threshold	auto-tune threshold for degree of global transaction concurrency	60
_aux_dfc_keep_time	auxiliary datafile copy keep time in minutes	1440
_available_core_count	number of cores for this instance	0
_avoid_scn_growth	enable scn growth optimizations	1
_awr_cdbperf_threshold	Setting for AWR CDBPERF Threshold	21
_awr_corrupt_mode	AWR Corrupt Mode	FALSE
_awr_disabled_flush_tables	Disable flushing of specified AWR tables
_awr_disabled_purge_tables	Disable purging of specified AWR tables
_awr_enable_pdb_snapshots	Enable/Disable AWR PDB level snapshots	TRUE
_awr_flush_threshold_metrics	Enable/Disable Flushing AWR Threshold Metrics	TRUE
_awr_flush_workload_metrics	Enable/Disable Flushing AWR Workload Metrics	FALSE
_awr_incremental_flush_enabled	Enable/Disable AWR automatic incremental flushing	TRUE
_awr_metrics_use_mmnl	Use MMNL or other background process for AWR metrics	FALSE
_awr_mmon_cpuusage	Enable/disable AWR MMON CPU Usage Tracking	TRUE
_awr_mmon_deep_purge_all_expired	Allows deep purge to purge AWR data for all expired snapshots	FALSE
_awr_mmon_deep_purge_extent	Set extent of rows to check each deep purge run	7
_awr_mmon_deep_purge_interval	Set interval for deep purge of AWR contents	7
_awr_mmon_deep_purge_numrows	Set max number of rows per table to delete each deep purge run	5000
_awr_partition_interval	Setting for AWR Partition Interval	0
_awr_pdb_registration_enabled	Parameter to enable/disable AWR PDB Registration	FALSE
_awr_restrict_mode	AWR Restrict Mode	FALSE
_awr_snapshot_level	Set Default AWR snapshot level	BESTFIT
_awr_sql_child_limit	Setting for AWR SQL Child Limit	200
_awr_warehouse_enabled	Enable/Disable AWR warehouse functionality	FALSE
_b_tree_bitmap_plans	enable the use of bitmap plans for tables w. only B-tree indexes	TRUE
_ba_cf_trace_buffer_size	size of per-process I/O KBC trace buffer	131072
_ba_container_filesystem_ausize	allocation unit size for Backup Appliance containers	4194304
_ba_max_containers	maximum number of Backup Appliance containers	0
_ba_max_groups	maximum number of Backup Appliance container groups	0
_ba_max_seg_bytes	maximum number of bytes per array segment	4000
_ba_timeouts_enabled	enable timeouts	TRUE
_background_process_opts	Misc BG procs parameter	0
_backup_align_write_io	align backup write I/Os	TRUE
_backup_appliance_enabled	Backup Appliance Enabled	FALSE
_backup_automatic_retry	automatic retry on backup write errors	10
_backup_block0	backup block0	default
_backup_bool_spare1	backup bool spare1	FALSE
_backup_bool_spare2	backup bool spare2	FALSE
_backup_bool_spare3	backup bool spare3	FALSE
_backup_bool_spare4	backup bool spare4	FALSE
_backup_compress	turn on backup compression always	FALSE
_backup_disk_bufcnt	number of buffers used for DISK channels	0
_backup_disk_bufsz	size of buffers used for DISK channels	0
_backup_disk_io_slaves	BACKUP Disk I/O slaves	0
_backup_dynamic_buffers	dynamically compute backup/restore buffer sizes	TRUE
_backup_encrypt_opt_mode	specifies encryption block optimization mode	4294967294
_backup_file_bufcnt	number of buffers used for file access	0
_backup_file_bufsz	size of buffers used for file access	0
_backup_int_spare1	backup int spare1	4294967294
_backup_int_spare2	backup int spare2	4294967294
_backup_int_spare3	backup int spare3	4294967294
_backup_int_spare4	backup int spare4	4294967294
_backup_io_pool_size	memory to reserve from the large pool	1048576
_backup_kgc_bz2_bufsz	specifies buffer size to be used by BZ2 compression	0
_backup_kgc_bz2_niters	specifies number of iterations done by BZ2 compression	0
_backup_kgc_bz2_type	specifies type used by BZ2 compression	0
_backup_kgc_bzip2_blksiz	specifies buffer size to be used by BZIP2 compression	9
_backup_kgc_lzo_bufsz	specifies buffer size to be used by LZO compression	262144
_backup_kgc_medium_scheme	specifies medium compression scheme	DEFAULT
_backup_kgc_scheme	specifies compression scheme	ZLIB
_backup_kgc_zlib_complevel	specifies compression (performance) level for ZLIB compression	1
_backup_kgc_zlib_memlevel	specifies memory level for ZLIB compression	8
_backup_kgc_zlib_windowbits	specifies window size for ZLIB compression	15
_backup_kgc_zstd_bufsz	specifies buffer size to be used by ZSTD compression	262144
_backup_kgc_zstd_complevel	specifies compression (performance) level for ZSTD compression	3
_backup_ksfq_bufcnt	number of buffers used for backup/restore	0
_backup_ksfq_bufmem_max	maximum amount of memory (in bytes) used for buffers for backup/restore	268435456
_backup_ksfq_bufsz	size of buffers used for backup/restore	0
_backup_max_gap_size	largest gap in an incremental/optimized backup buffer, in bytes	4294967294
_backup_max_wallet_session	specifies maximum wallet session for backup	50
_backup_min_ct_unused_optim	mimimun size in bytes of change tracking to apply unused space optimuzation	2097152
_backup_seq_bufcnt	number of buffers used for non-DISK channels	0
_backup_seq_bufsz	size of buffers used for non-DISK channels	0
_backup_text_spare1	backup text spare1
_backup_text_spare2	backup text spare2
_backup_text_spare3	backup text spare3
_backup_text_spare4	backup text spare4
_bct_bitmaps_per_file	number of bitmaps to store for each datafile	8
_bct_buffer_allocation_max	maximum size of all change tracking buffer allocations, in bytes	104857600
_bct_buffer_allocation_min_extents	mininum number of extents to allocate per buffer allocation	1
_bct_buffer_allocation_size	size of one change tracking buffer allocation, in bytes	2097152
_bct_chunk_size	change tracking datafile chunk size, in bytes	0
_bct_crash_reserve_size	change tracking reserved crash recovery SGA space, in bytes	262144
_bct_file_block_size	block size of change tracking file, in bytes	0
_bct_file_extent_size	extent size of change tracking file, in bytes	0
_bct_fixtab_file	change tracking file for fixed tables
_bct_health_check_interval	CTWR health check interval (seconds), zero to disable	60
_bct_initial_private_dba_buffer_size	initial number of entries in the private change tracking dba buffers	0
_bct_mrp_timeout	CTWR MRP wait timeout (seconds), zero to wait forever	600
_bct_public_dba_buffer_dynresize	allow dynamic resizing of public dba buffers, zero to disable	2
_bct_public_dba_buffer_maxsize	max buffer size permitted for public dba buffers, in bytes	0
_bct_public_dba_buffer_size	total size of all public change tracking dba buffers, in bytes	0
_bequeath_via_broker	Bequeath connections via broker	FALSE
_bg_spawn_diag_opts	background processes spawn diagnostic options	0
_big_scn_test_mode	testing mode for BigSCN	2
_bigdata_external_table	enables use of ORACLE_HIVE and ORACLE_HDFS access drivers	TRUE
_bigram_dependency_percentage	Bigram dependency percentage	5
_bitmap_or_improvement_enabled	controls extensions to partition pruning for general predicates	TRUE
_block_dump_assert	Encrypted block dump assert	FALSE
_block_level_offload_high_lat_thresh	High Latency Threshold for Block Level Offload operations	40000
_block_sample_readahead_prob_threshold	controls readahead value during block sampling	10
_blockhm_flush_period	Block heat map background flush period	3600
_blocking_sess_graph_cache_size	blocking session graph cache size in bytes
_blocks_per_cache_server	number of consecutive blocks per global cache server	16
_bloom_extent_size	bloom filter extent size in bytes	0
_bloom_filter_debug	debug level for bloom filtering	0
_bloom_filter_enabled	enables or disables bloom filter	TRUE
_bloom_filter_ratio	bloom filter filtering ratio	35
_bloom_filter_setops_enabled	Allow bloom filter to be pushed through set operations	TRUE
_bloom_filter_size	bloom filter vector size (in KB)	0
_bloom_folding_density	bloom filter folding density lower bound	16
_bloom_folding_enabled	Enable folding of bloom filter	TRUE
_bloom_folding_min	bloom filter folding size lower bound (in KB)	0
_bloom_max_size	maximum bloom filter size (in KB)	262144
_bloom_max_wait_time	bloom filter wait time upper bound (in ms)	50
_bloom_minmax_enabled	enable or disable bloom min max filtering	TRUE
_bloom_predicate_enabled	enables or disables bloom filter predicate pushdown	TRUE
_bloom_predicate_offload	enables or disables bloom filter predicate offload to cells	TRUE
_bloom_pruning_enabled	Enable partition pruning using bloom filtering	TRUE
_bloom_pruning_setops_enabled	Allow bloom pruning to be pushed through set operations	TRUE
_bloom_pushing_max	bloom filter pushing size upper bound (in KB)	512
_bloom_pushing_total_max	bloom filter combined pushing size upper bound (in KB)	262144
_bloom_rm_filter	remove bloom predicate in favor of zonemap join pruning predicate	FALSE
_bloom_serial_filter	enable serial bloom filter on exadata	ON
_bloom_sm_enabled	enable bloom filter optimization using slave mapping	TRUE
_bloom_use_shared_pool	use shared pool for bloom filter	FALSE
_bloom_wait_on_rac	enables bloom filter (with hash hash distribution) wait on RAC	FALSE
_bps_sanity_checks	enable BPS sanity checks	FALSE
_branch_tagging	enable branch tagging for distributed transaction	TRUE
_broadcast_scn_mode	broadcast-on-commit scn mode	1
_broadcast_scn_wait_timeout	broadcast-on-commit scn wait timeout in centiseconds	10
_bsln_adaptive_thresholds_enabled	Adaptive Thresholds Enabled	TRUE
_bt_mmv_query_rewrite_enabled	allow rewrites with multiple MVs and base tables	TRUE
_buddy_instance	buddy instance control	1
_buddy_instance_num_read_buffers	Num of Read Buffers to scan everytime in Buddy Instance feature	4
_buddy_instance_scan_phase_threshold	Threshold (in secs) to let RMS0 construct the recovery set	3
_buddy_instance_start_rba_timeout	Time-out for re-computing Start RBA in Buddy Instance feature	9
_buffer_busy_wait_timeout	buffer busy wait time in centiseconds	100
_buffered_message_spill_age	Buffered message spill age	300
_buffered_publisher_flow_control_threshold	Flow control threshold for buffered publishers except capture	0
_bufq_stop_flow_control	Stop enforcing flow control for buffered queues	FALSE
_bug29274428_modsvc_call_out_enabled	one-hundred-and-forty-third spare parameter - boolean	FALSE
_build_deferred_mv_skipping_mvlog_update	DEFERRED MV creation skipping MV log setup update	TRUE
_bump_highwater_mark_count	how many blocks should we allocate per free list on advancing HWM	0
_bwr_for_flushed_pi	if TRUE, generate a BWR for a flushed PI	TRUE
_bypass_srl_for_so_eor	bypass SRL for S/O EOR logs	FALSE
_bypass_xplatform_error	bypass datafile header cross-platform-compliance errors	FALSE
_c3_external_scn_rejection_threshold_hours	Lag in hours between max allowed SCN and an external SCN	4464
_cache_fusion_pipelined_updates	Block ping without wait for log force	TRUE
_cache_orl_during_open	cache online logs	ALL
_cache_stats_monitor	if TRUE, enable cache stats monitoring	FALSE
_capability_simulate	Simulate the capabilities for testing
_capture_buffer_size	To set the size of the PGA I/O recording buffers	65536
_capture_pgadep	capture statements at this pgadep	0
_capture_publisher_flow_control_threshold	Flow control threshold for capture publishers	0
_case_sensitive_logon	case sensitive logon enabled	TRUE
_catalog_foreign_restore	catalog foreign file restore	FALSE
_causal_standby_wait_timeout	Causal standby wait timeout	20
_cdb_compatible	CDB Compatible	TRUE
_cdb_cross_container	Debug flag for cross container operations	65535
_cdb_disable_pdb_limit	CDB Compatible	FALSE
_cdb_fleet_sync_timeout	Time in minutes to wait for sync of stub entry in CDB Fleet	10
_cdb_port	Port number for CDB	0
_cdb_rac_affinity	rac affinity for parallel cdb operations	TRUE
_cdb_special_old_xplan	display old-style plan for CDB special fixed table	TRUE
_cdb_spfile_inherit	Inherit CDB Spfile enabled/disabled in a PDB	FALSE
_cdb_view_no_skip_migrate	do not skip OPEN MIGRATE PDBs from results of CONTAINERS()	FALSE
_cdb_view_no_skip_restricted	do not skip RESTRICTED mode PDBs from results of CONTAINERS()	FALSE
_cdb_view_parallel_degree	Parallel degree for a CDB view query	65535
_cdb_view_prefetch_batch_size	Batch Size for Prefetch for a CDB view query	200
_cdb_view_rc_shelflife	Result Cache Shelflife for a CDB view query	30
_cdb_view_recursive_px_enabled	enable parallelism of recursive SQL under CONTAINERS()	TRUE
_cdc_subscription_owner	Change Data Capture subscription_owner
_cdmp_diagnostic_level	cdmp directory diagnostic level	2
_cell_fast_file_create	Allow optimized file creation path for Cells	TRUE
_cell_fast_file_restore	Allow optimized rman restore for Cells	TRUE
_cell_file_format_chunk_size	Cell file format chunk size in MB	0
_cell_index_scan_enabled	enable CELL processing of index FFS	TRUE
_cell_materialize_all_expressions	Force materialization of all offloadable expressions on the cells	FALSE
_cell_materialize_virtual_columns	enable offload of expressions underlying virtual columns to cells	TRUE
_cell_object_expiration_hours	flashcache object expiration timeout	24
_cell_offload_backup_compression	enable offload of backup compression to cells	TRUE
_cell_offload_capabilities_enabled	specifies capability table to load	1
_cell_offload_complex_processing	enable complex SQL processing offload to cells	TRUE
_cell_offload_expressions	enable offload of expressions to cells	TRUE
_cell_offload_grand_total	allow offload of grand total aggregations	TRUE
_cell_offload_hybrid_processing	enable hybrid SQL processing offload to cells	TRUE
_cell_offload_hybridcolumnar	Query offloading of hybrid columnar compressed tables to exadata	TRUE
_cell_offload_predicate_reordering_enabled	enable out-of-order SQL processing offload to cells	FALSE
_cell_offload_sys_context	enable offload of SYS_CONTEXT evaluation to cells	TRUE
_cell_offload_timezone	enable timezone related SQL processing offload to cells	TRUE
_cell_offload_vector_groupby	enable SQL processing offload of vector group by	TRUE
_cell_offload_vector_groupby_fact_key	enable cell offload of vector group by with fact grouping keys	TRUE
_cell_offload_vector_groupby_force	force offload of vector group by	FALSE
_cell_offload_vector_groupby_withnojoin	allow offload of vector group by without joins	TRUE
_cell_offload_virtual_columns	enable offload of predicates on virtual columns to cells	TRUE
_cell_range_scan_enabled	enable CELL processing of index range scans	TRUE
_cell_storidx_minmax_enabled	enable Storage Index Min/Max optimization on the cells	TRUE
_cell_storidx_mode	Cell Storage Index mode	EVA
_cellcache_clause_default	Default cellcache clause for new tables
_cellcache_default_flags	Default flags based on cellcache_clause_default	2
_cellcache_default_new	Force cellcache on new tables	FALSE
_cgs_allgroup_poll_time	CGS DBALL group polling interval in milli-seconds	20000
_cgs_big_group_enabled	big group membership support	FALSE
_cgs_combine_css_events	CGS registration flags for CSS event combining	7
_cgs_comm_readiness_check	CGS communication readiness check	1
_cgs_dball_group_registration	CGS DBALL group registration type	local
_cgs_dbgroup_poll_time	CGS DB group polling interval in milli-seconds	600
_cgs_health_check_in_reconfig	CGS health check during reconfiguration	FALSE
_cgs_memberkill_from_rim_instance	allow a RIM instance to issue a CSS member kill	FALSE
_cgs_msg_batch_size	CGS message batch size in bytes	4096
_cgs_msg_batching	CGS message batching	TRUE
_cgs_node_kill_escalation	CGS node kill escalation to CSS	TRUE
_cgs_node_kill_escalation_wait	CGS wait time to escalate node kill to CSS in seconds	0
_cgs_os_level_connection_check	allow OS level connection and interface check	1
_cgs_os_level_connection_dynamicthread	allow oraping to spawn more threads than the default.	TRUE
_cgs_os_level_connection_reqno	number of ping rqst to process at once, threads created	0
_cgs_publish_netinfo_collect_event_chm	enable cgs publish collect_netinfo event to event stream for CHM	rcfg-half-timeout,rcfg-timeout,rcfg-done,idleconn-half-timeout,idleconn-timeout-imr,idleconn-cln
_cgs_publish_netinfo_collect_event_haip	enable cgs publish collect_netinfo event to event stream for HAIP	TRUE
_cgs_reconfig_extra_wait	CGS reconfiguration extra wait time for CSS in seconds	3
_cgs_reconfig_timeout	CGS reconfiguration timeout interval	0
_cgs_send_timeout	CGS send timeout value	300
_cgs_support_rim_disc	rim instance disconnect and reconnect event support	TRUE
_cgs_ticket_sendback	CGS ticket active sendback percentage threshold	50
_cgs_tickets	CGS messaging tickets	1000
_cgs_zombie_member_kill_wait	CGS zombie member kill wait time in seconds	20
_change_vector_buffers	Number of change vector buffers for media recovery	1
_change_vector_read_sample_ratio	Sample ratio of change vector read timestamp on ADG	0
_check_block_after_checksum	perform block check after checksum if both are turned on	TRUE
_check_block_new_invariant_for_flashback	check block new invariant for flashback	FALSE
_check_column_length	check column length	TRUE
_check_pdbid_in_redo	Enable checking of pluggable database ID in redo	FALSE
_check_ts_threshold	check tablespace thresholds	0
_child_read_ahead_dba_check	if TRUE, assert child read ahead dba to be continuous of parent	FALSE
_cleanout_shrcur_buffers	if TRUE, cleanout shrcur buffers	TRUE
_cleanup_rollback_entries	no. of undo entries to apply per transaction cleanup	100
_cleanup_timeout	timeout value for PMON cleanup	150
_cleanup_timeout_flags	flags for PMON cleanup timeout	0
_clear_buffer_before_reuse	Always zero-out buffer before reuse for security	FALSE
_clear_preserved_buffers	Clear preserved buffers before DB reopen after switchover	TRUE
_cli_cachebktalloc	Percentage of memory to allocate	100
_client_enable_auto_unregister	enable automatic unregister after a send fails with timeout	FALSE
_client_features_tracking_enable	track client feature uage	TRUE
_client_ntfn_cleanup_interval	interval after which dead client registration cleanup task repeats	2400
_client_ntfn_pinginterval	time between pings to unreachable notification clients	75
_client_ntfn_pingretries	number of times to ping unreachable notification clients	6
_client_ntfn_pingtimeout	timeout to connect to unreachable notification clients	30000
_client_result_cache_bypass	bypass the client result cache	FALSE
_client_result_cache_ramthreshold	client_result_cache_ramthreshold
_client_result_set_threshold	client_result_set_threshold
_client_tstz_error_check	Should Client give error for suspect Timestamp with Timezone operations	TRUE
_clone_during_split	if TRUE, clone buffer during index split	TRUE
_clone_one_pdb_recovery	Recover ROOT and only one PDB in clone database	FALSE
_close_cached_open_cursors	close cursors cached by PL/SQL at each commit	FALSE
_close_deq_by_cond_curs	Close Dequeue By Condition Cursors	FALSE
_cloud_name	gsm cloud name
_cloud_service_sim	simulate cloud services in Database	0
_cloud_service_type	cloud service type
_cluster_flash_cache_slave_file	cluster flash cache slave file for default block size
_cluster_flash_cache_slave_size	cluster flash cache slave file size for default block size	0
_cluster_instances_number	number of instances to calculate number of resource buckets	4
_cluster_library	cluster library selection	clss
_clusterwide_global_transactions	enable/disable clusterwide global transactions	TRUE
_collapse_wait_history	collapse wait history	FALSE
_collect_tempundo_stats	Collect Statistics v$tempundostat	TRUE
_collect_undo_stats	Collect Statistics v$undostat	TRUE
_column_compression_factor	Column compression ratio	0
_column_elimination_off	turn off predicate-only column elimination	FALSE
_column_level_stats	Turn column statistics collection on or off	OFF
_column_stats_flush_interval	column-level statistics flush to disk interval	60
_column_stats_max_entries_per_stat	column-level statistics max entries saved per stat type	5
_column_stats_mem_limit	percentage of the max shared pool column-level statistics can use - internal	10
_column_tracking_level	column usage tracking	53
_common_data_view_enabled	common objects returned through dictionary views	TRUE
_common_user_prefix	Enforce restriction on a prefix of a Common User/Role/Profile name	C##
_compilation_call_heap_extent_size	Size of the compilation call heaps extents	16384
_complex_view_merging	enable complex view merging	TRUE
_component_timing	Oracle parameter used for component tracking and timing
_composite_interval_partition_creation_opt_enabled	when creating interval/auto list partitions, defer subpartition segment creation until a row for the subpartition is inserted	TRUE
_compression_above_cache	number of recompression above cache for sanity check	0
_compression_advisor	Compression advisor	0
_compression_chain	percentage of chained rows allowed for Compression	90
_compression_compatibility	Compression compatibility	19.0.0
_con_map_sql_enforcement	disable container map SQL enforcement	TRUE
_concurrency_chosen	what is the chosen value of concurrency	10
_connect_by_use_union_all	use union all for connect by	TRUE
_connect_string_params_after_logon_triggers	set connect string session parameters after logon triggers	0
_connect_string_params_unalterable	make connect string session parameters unalterable	0
_connection_broker_handout_accept	connection broker accepts prior to handout	FALSE
_connection_broker_host	connection broker host for listen address	localhost
_containers_multiple_ptn_key	enable multiple partition keys for container views	TRUE
_controlfile_auto_convert_behaviour	controlfile auto convert behavior for a mixed platform dataguard.	AUTO_CONVERT
_controlfile_autobackup_delay	time delay (in seconds) for performing controlfile autobackups	300
_controlfile_backup_copy_check	enable check of the copied blocks during controlfile backup copy	TRUE
_controlfile_block_size	control file block size in bytes	0
_controlfile_cell_flash_caching	Flash cache hint for control file accesses	3
_controlfile_enqueue_dump	dump the system states after controlfile enqueue timeout	FALSE
_controlfile_enqueue_holding_time	control file enqueue max holding time in seconds	120
_controlfile_enqueue_holding_time_tracking_size	control file enqueue holding time tracking size	0
_controlfile_enqueue_timeout	control file enqueue timeout in seconds	900
_controlfile_section_init_size	control file initial section size
_controlfile_section_max_expand	control file max expansion rate
_controlfile_split_brain_check	Check for a split-brain in distributed lock manager domain	TRUE
_controlfile_update_check	controlfile update sanity check	OFF
_controlfile_verify_on_mount	Verify control file blocks on header error during mount	FALSE
_convert_set_to_join	enables conversion of set operator to join	FALSE
_coord_message_buffer	parallel recovery coordinator side extra message buffer size	0
_corrupted_rollback_segments	corrupted undo segment list
_cost_equality_semi_join	enables costing of equality semi-join	TRUE
_cp_num_hash_latches	connection pool number of hash latches	1
_cpu_count_startup	Startup number of CPUs for this instance	0
_cpu_eff_thread_multiplier	CPU effective thread multiplier
_cpu_to_io	divisor for converting CPU cost to I/O cost	0
_cpu_util_adj_force	force cpu util adjustment	0
_cpu_util_adj_target	cpu utilization adjustment target	0
_cr_grant_global_role	if TRUE, grant lock for CR requests when block is in global role	TRUE
_cr_grant_local_role	turn 3-way CR grants off, make it automatic, or turn it on	AUTO
_cr_grant_only	if TRUE, grant locks when possible and do not send the block	FALSE
_cr_multiblock_grant_only	if TRUE, grant locks for multiblock read when possible and do not send the block	FALSE
_cr_server_log_flush	if TRUE, flush redo log before serving a CR buffer	TRUE
_cr_trc_buf_size	size of cr trace buffer	8192
_crash_domain_on_exception	allow domain to exit for exceptions in any thread	0
_create_idx_from_constraint	allow trigger to create index from constraint	FALSE
_create_stat_segment	create ilm statistics segment	0
_create_table_in_any_cluster	allow creation of table in a cluster not owned by the user	FALSE
_cross_con_collection	enable cross container collection	FALSE
_cross_con_row_count	use actual row count for cross container views	FALSE
_crs_2phase	crs 2phase	bypass
_cstats_enabled	Core stat monitoring enabled	FALSE
_ctx_doc_policy_stems	enable ctx_doc.policy_stems api	FALSE
_cu_row_locking	CU row level locking	0
_cursor_bind_capture_area_size	maximum size of the cursor bind capture area	400
_cursor_bind_capture_interval	interval (in seconds) between two bind capture for a cursor	900
_cursor_cache_time	number of seconds a session cached cursor stay in cache.	900
_cursor_db_buffers_pinned	additional number of buffers a cursor can pin at once	565
_cursor_diagnostic_node_agedout_count	Number of cursor-sharing diagnostic nodes to retain before reuse	100
_cursor_features_enabled	Shared cursor features enabled bits.	2
_cursor_obsolete_threshold	Number of cursors per parent before obsoletion.	8192
_cursor_plan_enabled	enable collection and display of cursor plans	TRUE
_cursor_plan_hash_version	version of cursor plan hash value	1
_cursor_plan_unparse_enabled	enables/disables using unparse to build projection/predicates	TRUE
_cursor_reload_failure_threshold	Number of failed reloads before marking cursor unusable	0
_cursor_runtimeheap_memlimit	Shared cursor runtime heap memory limit	5242880
_cursor_stats_enabled	Enable cursor stats	TRUE
_cvw_enable_weak_checking	enable weak view checking	TRUE
_cvw_examine_tables_in_from_list_subqry	examine tables in from list subqueries	TRUE
_data_transfer_cache_bc_perc_x100	Percentange * 100 of buffer cache to transfer to data transfer cache	500
_data_warehousing_scan_buffers	if TRUE, enable data warehousing scan buffers	TRUE
_data_warehousing_scan_flash_buffers	if TRUE, enable data warehousing scan flash buffers	FALSE
_data_warehousing_serial_scan	if TRUE, enable data warehousing serial scans	TRUE
_datafile_cow	Use copy on write snapshot for the renamed file	FALSE
_datafile_create_min_wait_time	Minimum wait time for standby during data file creation	0
_datafile_create_wait_time	Wait time for standby during data file creation	0
_datafile_open_errors_crash_instance	datafile open errors crash instance	TRUE
_datafile_write_errors_crash_instance	datafile write errors crash instance	TRUE
_datapump_compressbas_buffer_size	specifies buffer size for BASIC compression algorithm	0
_datapump_conv_pga_lim	pga limit for Data Pump conventional path bind array size	0
_datapump_gather_stats_on_load	Gather table statistics during Data Pump load rather thanimporting statistics from the dump file. This should be set to TRUE in the lockdown profile in a DWCS environment.	FALSE
_datapump_inherit_svcname	Inherit and propagate service name throughout job	TRUE
_datapump_metadata_buffer_size	specifies buffer size for metadata file I/O	131072
_datapump_tabledata_buffer_size	specifies buffer size for table data file I/O	262144
_db_16k_cache_xmem_size	Size of 16k buffer pool on extended cache	0
_db_16k_flash_cache_file	flash cache file for 16k block size
_db_16k_flash_cache_size	flash cache size for _db_16k_flash_cache_file	0
_db_2k_cache_xmem_size	Size of 2k buffer pool on extended memory	0
_db_2k_flash_cache_file	flash cache file for 2k block size
_db_2k_flash_cache_size	flash cache size for _db_2k_flash_cache_file	0
_db_32k_cache_xmem_size	Size of 32k buffer pool on extended memory	0
_db_32k_flash_cache_file	flash cache file for 32k block size
_db_32k_flash_cache_size	flash cache size for _db_32k_flash_cache_file	0
_db_4k_cache_xmem_size	Size of 4k buffer pool on extended cache	0
_db_4k_flash_cache_file	flash cache file for 4k block size
_db_4k_flash_cache_size	flash cache size for _db_4k_flash_cache_file	0
_db_8k_cache_xmem_size	Size of 8k buffer pool on extended cache	0
_db_8k_flash_cache_file	flash cache file for 8k block size
_db_8k_flash_cache_size	flash cache size for _db_8k_flash_cache_file	0
_db_aging_cool_count	Touch count set when buffer cooled	1
_db_aging_freeze_cr	Make CR buffers always be too cold to keep in cache	FALSE
_db_aging_hot_criteria	Touch count which sends a buffer to head of replacement list	2
_db_aging_stay_count	Touch count set when buffer moved to head of replacement list	0
_db_aging_touch_time	Touch count which sends a buffer to head of replacement list	3
_db_always_check_system_ts	Always perform block check and checksum for System tablespace	TRUE
_db_block_adjcheck	adjacent cache buffer checks - low blkchk overwrite parameter	TRUE
_db_block_adjchk_level	adjacent cache buffer check level	0
_db_block_align_direct_read	Align Direct Reads	TRUE
_db_block_bad_write_check	enable bad write checks	FALSE
_db_block_buffers	Number of database blocks cached in memory: hidden parameter	170346
_db_block_cache_history_lru	buffer header tracing for lru operations	FALSE
_db_block_cache_protect	protect database blocks (for debugging only)	FALSE
_db_block_cache_protect_internal	protect database blocks (for internal use only)	0
_db_block_check_for_debug	Check more and dump block before image for debugging	FALSE
_db_block_check_objtyp	check objd and typ on cache disk read	TRUE
_db_block_chunkify_ncmbr	chunkify noncontig multi block reads	FALSE
_db_block_corruption_recovery_threshold	threshold number of block recovery attempts	5
_db_block_do_full_mbreads	do full block read even if some blocks are in cache	FALSE
_db_block_hash_buckets	Number of database block hash buckets	524288
_db_block_hash_latches	Number of database block hash latches	4096
_db_block_header_guard_level	number of extra buffer headers to use as guard pages	0
_db_block_hi_priority_batch_size	Fraction of writes for high priority reasons	0
_db_block_iterations_for_rm	number of blocks to reduce every iteration for RM	2000
_db_block_known_clean_pct	Initial Percentage of buffers to maintain known clean	2
_db_block_lru_latches	number of lru latches	9
_db_block_max_cr_dba	Maximum Allowed Number of CR buffers per dba	6
_db_block_max_scan_pct	Percentage of buffers to inspect when looking for free	40
_db_block_med_priority_batch_size	Fraction of writes for medium priority reasons	0
_db_block_numa	Number of NUMA nodes	1
_db_block_prefetch_fast_longjumps_enabled	Batched IO enable fast longjumps	TRUE
_db_block_prefetch_limit	Prefetch limit in blocks	0
_db_block_prefetch_override	Prefetch force override in blocks	0
_db_block_prefetch_private_cache_enabled	Batched IO enable private cache	TRUE
_db_block_prefetch_quota	Prefetch quota as a percent of cache size	10
_db_block_prefetch_skip_reading_enabled	Batched IO enable skip reading buffers	TRUE
_db_block_prefetch_wasted_threshold_perc	Allowed wasted percent threshold of prefetched size	2
_db_block_scandepth_for_rm	number of blocks to reduce every iteration for RM	20
_db_block_table_scan_buffer_size	Size of shared table scan read buffer	4194304
_db_block_temp_redo	generate redo for temp blocks	FALSE
_db_block_trace_protect	trace buffer protect calls	FALSE
_db_block_vlm_check	check for mapping leaks (debugging only)	FALSE
_db_block_vlm_leak_threshold	threshold for allowable mapping leaks	4
_db_blocks_per_hash_latch	Number of blocks per hash latch
_db_bt_cache_only_readmostly_obj_on_roi	if TRUE, ABTC only caches read mostly objects on ROI	FALSE
_db_cache_advice_hash_latch_multiple	cache advisory hash latch multiple	16
_db_cache_advice_max_size_factor	cache advisory maximum multiple of current size to similate	2
_db_cache_advice_sample_factor	cache advisory sampling factor	4
_db_cache_advice_sanity_check	cache simulation sanity check	FALSE
_db_cache_block_read_stack_trace	dump short call stack for block reads	0
_db_cache_block_read_stack_trace_where1	dump short call stack for block reads just for where1	0
_db_cache_block_read_stack_trace_where2	dump short call stack for block reads just for where2	0
_db_cache_block_read_stack_trace_where3	dump short call stack for block reads just for where3	0
_db_cache_crx_check	check for costly crx examination functions	FALSE
_db_cache_max_sz		0
_db_cache_miss_check_les	check LEs after cache miss	FALSE
_db_cache_mman_latch_check	check for wait latch get under MMAN ops in kcb	FALSE
_db_cache_pre_warm	Buffer Cache Pre-Warm Enabled : hidden parameter	TRUE
_db_cache_process_cr_pin_max	maximum number of cr pins a process may have	2147483647
_db_cache_silicon_secured_memory	enable silicon secured memory	TRUE
_db_cache_wait_debug	trace new kslwaits	0
_db_cache_xmem_size	Size of extended memory data area for buffer cache DEFAULT pool	0
_db_change_notification_enable	enable db change notification	TRUE
_db_check_cell_hints		FALSE
_db_disable_temp_encryption	Disable Temp Encryption for Spills	FALSE
_db_discard_lost_masterkey	discard lost masterkey handles	FALSE
_db_dump_from_disk_and_efc	dump contents from disk and efc	0
_db_dw_scan_adaptive_cooling	if TRUE, enable adaptive DW scan cooling	FALSE
_db_dw_scan_max_shadow_count	DW Scan adaptive cooling max shadow count	5
_db_dw_scan_obj_cooling_factor	DW Scan object cooling factor to cool all temperatures	500
_db_dw_scan_obj_cooling_interval	DW Scan object cooling interval in number of scans, seconds, or pct of cache size	100
_db_dw_scan_obj_cooling_policy	DW scan objtect cooling policy	CACHE_SIZE
_db_dw_scan_obj_warming_increment	DW Scan object warming increment when an object is scanned	1000
_db_fast_obj_check	enable fast object drop sanity check	FALSE
_db_fast_obj_ckpt	enable fast object checkpoint	TRUE
_db_fast_obj_truncate	enable fast object truncate	TRUE
_db_file_direct_io_count	Sequential I/O buf size	1048576
_db_file_exec_read_count	multiblock read count for regular clients	128
_db_file_format_io_buffers	Block formatting I/O buf count	4
_db_file_noncontig_mblock_read_count	number of noncontiguous db blocks to be prefetched	11
_db_file_optimizer_read_count	multiblock read count for regular clients	8
_db_flash_cache_disable_write_batchsize	Flash cache disable writes processing batchsize	4096
_db_flash_cache_encryption	Set _db_flash_cache_encryption to enable flash cache encryption	FALSE
_db_flash_cache_force_replenish_limit	Flash cache force replenish lower limit in buffers	8
_db_flash_cache_keep_limit	Flash cache keep buffer upper limit in percentage	80
_db_flash_cache_max_latency	Flash cache maximum latency allowed in 10 milliseconds	400
_db_flash_cache_max_outstanding_writes	Flash cache maximum outstanding writes allowed	32
_db_flash_cache_max_read_retry	Flash cache max read retry	3
_db_flash_cache_max_slow_io	Flash cache maximum slow io allowed	3
_db_flash_cache_slow_io_adjustment_interval	Decrement interval	3600
_db_flash_cache_write_limit	Flash cache write buffer upper limit in percentage	1
_db_flashback_iobuf_size	Flashback IO Buffer Size	1
_db_flashback_log_min_size	Minimum flashback database log size in bytes	16777216
_db_flashback_log_min_total_space	Minimum flashback database log total space in bytes	0
_db_flashback_num_iobuf	Flashback Number of IO buffers	64
_db_full_caching	enable full db implicit caching	TRUE
_db_full_db_cache_diff_pct	Cache at least this % larger than DB size for full db caching	5
_db_generate_dummy_masterkey	if TRUE, use old havior and generate dummy master key	FALSE
_db_handles	System-wide simultaneous buffer operations	3000
_db_handles_cached	Buffer handles cached each process	10
_db_hot_block_tracking	track hot blocks for hash latch contention	FALSE
_db_imoltp_hashidx_force_nonctg	kcbw imoltp hash index force non contig granules	0
_db_index_block_checking	index block checking override parameter	TRUE
_db_initial_cachesize_create_mb	size of cache created at startup	256
_db_keep_cache_xmem_size	Size of KEEP buffer pool for standard block size buffers on extended memory	0
_db_l2_tracing	flash cache debug tracing	0
_db_large_dirty_queue	Number of buffers which force dirty queue to be written	25
_db_link_sources_tracking	enable/disable database link source tracking	TRUE
_db_lost_write_checking	Enable scn based lost write detection mechanism	2
_db_lost_write_corrupt_block	allow corruption for lost write	FALSE
_db_lost_write_tracing	Enable _db_lost_write_checking tracing	FALSE
_db_minimum_auxsize_percent	min percent of aux buffers to be maintained before using aux2	10
_db_mttr_advice	MTTR advisory	ON
_db_mttr_partitions	number of partitions for MTTR advisory	0
_db_mttr_sample_factor	MTTR simulation sampling factor	64
_db_mttr_sim_target	MTTR simulation targets
_db_mttr_sim_trace_size	MTTR simulation trace size	256
_db_mttr_trace_to_alert	dump trace entries to alert file	FALSE
_db_noarch_disble_optim	Image redo logging (NOARCHIVEMODE)	FALSE
_db_num_evict_waitevents	number of evict wait events	64
_db_num_gsm	database number in gsm dbpool	0
_db_obj_enable_ksr	enable ksr in object checkpoint/reuse	TRUE
_db_percent_hot_default	Percent of default buffer pool considered hot	50
_db_percent_hot_keep	Percent of keep buffer pool considered hot	0
_db_percent_hot_recycle	Percent of recycle buffer pool considered hot	0
_db_percpu_create_cachesize	size of cache created per cpu in deferred cache create	2
_db_prefetch_histogram_statistics	maintain prefetch histogram statistics in x$kcbprfhs	FALSE
_db_recovery_temporal_file_dest	default database recovery temporal file location
_db_recycle_cache_xmem_size	Size of Recycle buffer pool for standard block size buffers on extended memory	0
_db_required_percent_fairshare_usage	percent of fairshare a processor group should always use	10
_db_row_overlap_checking	row overlap checking override parameter for data/index blocks	TRUE
_db_shadow_lost_write_protect	alter shadow lost write detection for PDB	NOT_SET
_db_todefer_cache_create	buffer cache deferred create	TRUE
_db_writer_chunk_writes	Number of writes DBWR should wait for	0
_db_writer_coalesce_area_size	Size of memory allocated to dbwriter for coalescing writes	4194304
_db_writer_coalesce_encrypted_buffers	Coalecsing for encrypted buffers	TRUE
_db_writer_coalesce_write_limit	Limit on size of coalesced write	131072
_db_writer_flush_imu	If FALSE, DBWR will not downgrade IMU txns for AGING	TRUE
_db_writer_histogram_statistics	maintain dbwr histogram statistics in x$kcbbhs	FALSE
_db_writer_max_writes	Max number of outstanding DB Writer IOs	0
_db_writer_nomemcopy_coalesce	Enable DBWR no-memcopy coalescing	FALSE
_db_writer_verify_writes	Enable lost write detection mechanism	FALSE
_db_xmem_cache_encryption	Set _db_xmem_cache_encryption to enable XMEM cache encryption	TRUE
_db_xmem_hot_switch_criteria	Xmem buffer touch count which makes this buffer candidate of switching to DRAM buffer	4
_dbcomp_maxdump	Maximum # of dumped blocks per datafile	100
_dbcomp_msg_ver	database block compare message version	1
_dbfs_modify_implicit_fetch	DBFS Link allows implicit fetch on modify - only on SecureFiles	TRUE
_dbfs_symlink_path_prefix	allow or disallow symlink creation in dbfs outside path_prefix	FALSE
_dbg_proc_startup	debug process startup	FALSE
_dbg_scan	generic scan debug	0
_dbms_sql_security_level	Security level in DBMS_SQL	1
_dbmsumf$$1x	UMF Configuration
_dbmsumf$$2x	UMF Configuration
_dbmsumf$$3x	UMF Configuration
_dbmsumf$$nn	UMF Configuration
_dbmsumf$$p	UMF Configuration
_dbnest_enable	dbNest enable	NONE
_dbnest_pdb_fs_conf	PDB Filesystem configuration
_dbnest_pdb_fs_type	PDB FS Type	DEFAULT
_dbnest_pdb_scm_conf	PDB SCM configuration
_dbnest_pdb_scm_level	PDB SCM Level	STRICT1
_dbnest_stage_dir	Staging directory configuration
_dbop_enabled	Any positive number enables automatic DBOP monitoring. 0 is disabled	1
_dbpool_name	gsm database pool name
_dbreplay_feature_control	Database Replay Feature Control
_dbrm_dynamic_threshold	DBRM dynamic threshold setting	989922280
_dbrm_num_runnable_list	Resource Manager number of runnable list per NUMA node	0
_dbrm_quantum	DBRM quantum
_dbrm_runchk	Resource Manager Diagnostic Running Thread Check	32769000
_dbrm_short_wait_us	Resource Manager short wait length	300
_dbwr_async_io	Enable dbwriter asynchronous writes	TRUE
_dbwr_flashlock_shrink_limit	limit to shrink le to flash lock per dbwr iteration	0
_dbwr_nowrite_assert_interval	dbwriter assert interval after no write seconds	7200
_dbwr_nwp_assert_interval	dbwriter no write permission assert interval after no write seconds	1800
_dbwr_scan_interval	dbwriter scan interval	300
_dbwr_stall_write_detection_interval	dbwriter stall write detection interval	900
_dbwr_tracing	Enable dbwriter tracing	0
_dd_validate_remote_locks	GES deadlock detection validate remote locks	TRUE
_dde_flood_control_init	Initialize Flood Control at database open	TRUE
_dead_process_scan_interval	PMON dead process scan interval (in seconds)	60
_deadlock_diagnostic_level	automatic deadlock resolution diagnostics level	2
_deadlock_record_to_alert_log	record resolved deadlocks to the alert log	TRUE
_deadlock_resolution_incidents_always	create incidents when resolving any deadlock?	FALSE
_deadlock_resolution_incidents_enabled	create incidents during deadlock resolution	TRUE
_deadlock_resolution_level	automatic deadlock resolution level	1
_deadlock_resolution_min_wait_timeout_secs	the minimum wait timeout required for deadlock resolution	60
_deadlock_resolution_signal_process_thresh_secs	the amount of time given to process a deadlock resolution signal	60
_dedicated_server_poll_count	dedicated server poll count	10
_dedicated_server_post_wait	dedicated server post/wait	FALSE
_dedicated_server_post_wait_call	dedicated server post/wait call	FALSE
_default_encrypt_alg	default encryption algorithm	0
_default_non_equality_sel_check	sanity check on default selectivity for like/range predicate	TRUE
_default_pct_free	Default value of PCT_FREE enforced by DWCS lockdown	0
_defer_eor_orl_arch_for_so	defer EOR ORL archival for switchover	TRUE
_defer_log_boundary_ckpt	defer media recovery checkpoint at log boundary	TRUE
_defer_log_count	Number of log boundaries media recovery checkpoint lags behind	100
_defer_rcv_during_sw_to_sby	Defer recovery during switchover to standby	FALSE
_defer_sga_alloc_chunk_size	Chunk size for defer sga allocation	1073741824
_defer_sga_enabled	Enable deferred shared memory allocation for SGA	FALSE
_defer_sga_min_spsz_at_startup	Minimum shared pool size at startup with deferred sga enabled	53687091200
_defer_sga_min_total_defer_segs_sz	Minimum total deferred segs size for defer sga allocation	1.07374E+11
_defer_sga_test_alloc_intv	SA** sleeps for N secs before allocating a deferred segment	0
_defer_while_patching	Session should be deferred if patching is secheduled	0
_deferred_constant_folding_mode	Deferred constant folding mode	DEFAULT
_deferred_log_dest_is_valid	consider deferred log dest as valid for log deletion (TRUE/FALSE)	TRUE
_deferred_seg_in_seed	Enable Deferred Segment Creation in Seed	TRUE
_delay_index_maintain	delays index maintenance until after MV is refreshed	TRUE
_delete_ghost_data	Test delete ghost data	FALSE
_deq_execute_reset_time	deq execute reset time	30
_deq_ht_child_latches	deq ht child latches	8
_deq_ht_max_elements	deq ht max elements	100000
_deq_large_txn_size	deq large txn size	25000
_deq_log_array_size	deq log array size	10000
_deq_max_fetch_count	deq max fetch count	10
_deq_maxwait_time	Change wait times between dequeue calls	0
_desired_readmem_rate	The desired percentage of redo reading from memory	90
_df_hist_offl_override	Allow update of keep offline bit in datafile history record	FALSE
_dg_broker_trace_level	data guard broker trace level
_dg_cf_check_timer	Data Guard controlfile check timer	15
_dg_corrupt_redo_log	Corrupt redo log validation during archivals	0
_diag_adl_dyn_alloc	Enable Diag Alert Dynamic Allocation	TRUE
_diag_adr_auto_purge	Enable/disable ADR MMON Auto Purging	TRUE
_diag_adr_enabled	Parameter to enable/disable Diag ADR	TRUE
_diag_adr_test_param	Test parameter for Diagnosability	0
_diag_adr_trace_dest	diagnosability trace directory path
_diag_alert_root_annotate	Enable annotation for alert log entries from root	FALSE
_diag_arb_before_kill	dump diagnostics before killing unresponsive ARBs	FALSE
_diag_attn_log_format_error	Attention Log Error Entry format
_diag_attn_log_format_standard	Attention Log Standard Entry format
_diag_backward_compat	Backward Compatibility for Diagnosability	TRUE
_diag_cc_enabled	Parameter to enable/disable Diag Call Context	TRUE
_diag_cdb_logging	Format for CDB Annotation	short
_diag_conf_cap_enabled	Parameter to enable/disable Diag Configuration Capture	TRUE
_diag_crashdump_level	parameter for systemstate dump level, used by DIAG during crash	10
_diag_daemon	start DIAG daemon	TRUE
_diag_dde_async_age_limit	diag dde async actions: message age limit (in seconds)	300
_diag_dde_async_cputime_limit	diag dde async actions: action cputime limit (in seconds)	300
_diag_dde_async_mode	diag dde async actions: dispatch mode	1
_diag_dde_async_msg_capacity	diag dde async actions: message buffer capacity	1024
_diag_dde_async_msgs	diag dde async actions: number of preallocated message buffers	50
_diag_dde_async_process_rate	diag dde async actions: message processing rate - per loop	5
_diag_dde_async_runtime_limit	diag dde async actions: action runtime limit (in seconds)	900
_diag_dde_async_slaves	diag dde async actions: max number of concurrent slave processes	5
_diag_dde_enabled	enable DDE handling of critical errors	TRUE
_diag_dde_fc_enabled	Parameter to enable/disable Diag Flood Control	TRUE
_diag_dde_fc_implicit_time	Override Implicit Error Flood Control time parameter	0
_diag_dde_fc_macro_time	Override Macro Error Flood Control time parameter	0
_diag_dde_inc_proc_delay	The minimum delay between two MMON incident sweeps (minutes)	1
_diag_diagnostics	Turn off diag diagnostics	TRUE
_diag_dump_request_debug_level	DIAG dump request debug level (0-2)	1
_diag_dump_timeout	timeout parameter for SYNC dump	30
_diag_enable_startup_events	enable events in instance startup notifiers	FALSE
_diag_hm_rc_enabled	Parameter to enable/disable Diag HM Reactive Checks	TRUE
_diag_hm_tc_enabled	Parameter to enable/disable Diag HM Test(dummy) Checks	FALSE
_diag_large_packets	DIA* large packets support	TRUE
_diag_patch_cap_enabled	Parameter to enable/disable Diag Patch Configuration Capture	TRUE
_diag_pdb_control	DIAG PDB Space Management Control Parameter	0
_diag_pdb_purge_target	Controls target percentage for ADR PDB Auto Purge Operation	90
_diag_pdb_purge_threshold	Controls threshold for ADR PDB Auto Purge Operation	97
_diag_proc_enabled	enable hung process diagnostic API	TRUE
_diag_proc_max_time_ms	hung process diagnostic API max wait time in milliseconds	30000
_diag_proc_stack_capture_type	hung process diagnostic API stack capture type	1
_diag_test_seg_reinc_mode	Sets trace segmentation to be in reincarnation mode	FALSE
_diag_uts_control	UTS control parameter	0
_diag_verbose_error_on_init	Allow verbose error tracing on diag init	0
_diag_xm_enabled	If TRUE, DIAG allows message exchanges across DB/ASM boundary	FALSE
_dimension_skip_null	control dimension skip when null feature	TRUE
_direct_io_skip_cur_slot_on_error	Skip current slot on error	TRUE
_direct_io_slots	number of slots for direct path I/O	0
_direct_io_wslots	number of write slots for direct path I/O	0
_direct_path_insert_features	disable direct path insert features	0
_direct_read_decision_statistics_driven	enable direct read decision based on optimizer statistics	TRUE
_dirty_appliance_mode	Enable appliance mode even on non-appliance	FALSE
_disable_12751	disable policy timeout error (ORA-12751)	FALSE
_disable_12cbigfile	DIsable Storing ILM Statistics in 12cBigFiles	FALSE
_disable_active_influx_move	disable active influx move during parallel media recovery	FALSE
_disable_actualization_for_grant	disable actualization of editioned objects on grant	FALSE
_disable_adaptive_shrunk_aggregation	adaptive shrunk aggregation	FALSE
_disable_adp_adj_buf_check	No adjacent buffer check for ADP	FALSE
_disable_appliance_check	Disable appliance-specific code	FALSE
_disable_appliance_partnering	Disable appliance partnering algorithms	FALSE
_disable_asm_audit_feat	disable ASM audit features	0
_disable_autotune_gtx	disable autotune global transaction background processes	FALSE
_disable_block_checking	disable block checking at the session level	FALSE
_disable_cdb_view_rc_invalidation	disable Result Cache invalidation for CDB View results	FALSE
_disable_cell_optimized_backups	disable cell optimized backups	FALSE
_disable_con_recurse_queuing	disable parallel statement queuing for containers() recursive SQL	TRUE
_disable_cpu_check	disable cpu_count check	FALSE
_disable_cursor_sharing	disable cursor sharing	FALSE
_disable_data_block_check_after_decrypt	if TRUE, disable data block check after decryption	FALSE
_disable_datalayer_sampling	disable datalayer sampling	FALSE
_disable_dblink_optim	disable intra CDB dblink optimizations	TRUE
_disable_def_seg_update	Disable deferred seg$ update	0
_disable_destructive_patch_operation	Is destructive operation allowed in a patch	TRUE
_disable_dict_check_pdb_open	disable PDB pseudo open for dictionary check purpose	FALSE
_disable_directory_link_check	Disable directory link checking	FALSE
_disable_duplex_link	Turn off connection duplexing	TRUE
_disable_duplicate_service_warning	disable listener warning for duplicate service	FALSE
_disable_fast_aggregation	fast aggregation	FALSE
_disable_fast_validate	disable PL/SQL fast validation	FALSE
_disable_fastopen	Do Not Use Fastopen	FALSE
_disable_fba_qrw	disable flashback archiver query rewrite	0
_disable_fba_wpr	disable flashback archiver wait for prepared transactions	0
_disable_file_locks	disable file locks for control, data, redo log files	FALSE
_disable_file_resize_logging	disable file resize logging to alert log	FALSE
_disable_flashback_archiver	disable flashback archiver	0
_disable_flashback_recyclebin_opt	Don’t use the Flashback Recyclebin optimization	TRUE
_disable_flashback_wait_callback	Disable flashback wait callback	FALSE
_disable_function_based_index	disable function-based index matching	FALSE
_disable_gvaq_cache	Disable cache	FALSE
_disable_hcc_array_insert	TRUE - enable conventional inserts into HCC CUs	FALSE
_disable_health_check	Disable Health Check	FALSE
_disable_highres_ticks	disable high-res tick counter	TRUE
_disable_image_check	Disable Oracle executable image checking	FALSE
_disable_implicit_row_movement	disable implicit row movement	FALSE
_disable_incremental_checkpoints	Disable incremental checkpoints for thread recovery	FALSE
_disable_incremental_recovery_ckpt	Disable incremental recovery checkpoint mechanism	FALSE
_disable_index_block_prefetching	disable index block prefetching	FALSE
_disable_inheritpriv_grant_public	Disable inherit privilege grant to PUBLIC for newly created users	FALSE
_disable_initial_block_compression	disable initial block compression	FALSE
_disable_instance_params_check	disable instance type check for ksp	FALSE
_disable_interface_checking	disable interface checking at startup	FALSE
_disable_kcb_flashback_blocknew_opt	Disable KCB flashback block new optimization	FALSE
_disable_kcbhxor_osd	disable kcbh©xor OSD functionality	FALSE
_disable_kcbl_flashback_blocknew_opt	Disable KCBL flashback block new optimization	FALSE
_disable_kgghshcrc32_osd	disable kgghshcrc32chk OSD functionality	FALSE
_disable_logging	Disable logging	FALSE
_disable_lostwrite_tablespace_alerts	disable tablespace alerts for LOSTWRITE tablespaces	FALSE
_disable_metrics_group	Disable Metrics Group (or all Metrics Groups)	0
_disable_modsvc_refresh	disable modify service cache refresh
_disable_multiple_block_sizes	disable multiple block size support (for debugging)	FALSE
_disable_odm	disable odm feature	FALSE
_disable_oradebug_commands	disable execution of certain categories of oradebug commands	none
_disable_os_time_page	disable OS time page	FALSE
_disable_parallel_conventional_load	Disable parallel conventional loads	FALSE
_disable_primary_bitmap_switch	disable primary bitmap switch	FALSE
_disable_ptl_replay	Is PTL replay disabled during Application Sync	FALSE
_disable_read_only_open_dict_check	Disable read-only open dictionary check	FALSE
_disable_rebalance_space_check	disable space usage checks for storage reconfiguration	FALSE
_disable_recovery_read_skip	Disable the read optimization during media recovery	FALSE
_disable_rolling_patch	Disable Rolling Patch Feature	0
_disable_sample_io_optim	disable row sampling IO optimization	FALSE
_disable_savepoint_reset	disable the fix for bug 1402161	FALSE
_disable_selftune_checkpointing	Disable self-tune checkpointing	FALSE
_disable_sensitive_internal	disable internal SQL from showing sensitive information	FALSE
_disable_storage_type	Disable storage type checks	FALSE
_disable_streams_diagnostics	streams diagnostics	0
_disable_streams_pool_auto_tuning	disable streams pool auto tuning	FALSE
_disable_sun_rsm	Disable IPC OSD support for Sun RSMAPI	TRUE
_disable_system_state	disable system state dump	4294967294
_disable_system_state_wait_samples	Disable system state dump - wait samples	FALSE
_disable_system_tablespaces_enc_enforcement	if TRUE, disable system tablespaces encryption enforcement	FALSE
_disable_temp_tablespace_alerts	disable tablespace alerts for TEMPORARY tablespaces	FALSE
_disable_thread_internal_disable	Disable thread internal disable feature	FALSE
_disable_thread_snapshot	Thread snapshot	TRUE
_disable_txn_alert	disable txn layer alert	0
_disable_undo_tablespace_alerts	disable tablespace alerts for UNDO tablespaces	FALSE
_disable_wait_state	Disable wait state
_discard_cmn_ddl_in_pdb_err	Discard error when Common DDL is attempted in PDB	FALSE
_discrete_transactions_enabled	enable OLTP mode	FALSE
_disk_sector_size_override	if TRUE, OSD sector size could be overridden	FALSE
_diskmon_pipe_name	DiSKMon skgznp pipe name
_disksize_binary_search	if set, perform binary search to get disk size if IOCTL fails	FALSE
_dispatcher_listen_on_vip	Determines if dispatcher listens on VIP if no HOST is supplied	FALSE
_dispatcher_rate_scale	scale to display rate statistic (100ths of a second)
_dispatcher_rate_ttl	time-to-live for rate statistic (100ths of a second)
_distinct_agg_optimization_gsets	Use Distinct Aggregate Optimization for Grouping Sets	CHOOSE
_distinct_view_unnesting	enables unnesting of in subquery into distinct view	FALSE
_distributed_recovery_connection_hold_time	number of seconds RECO holds outbound connections open	200
_disttxn_for_queries	remote queries start distributed transaction	TRUE
_dlm_cache_warmup_slaves	Number of DLM cache warm up slaves	2
_dlm_stats_collect	DLM statistics collection(0 = disable, 1 = enable (default))	1
_dlm_stats_collect_du_limit	DLM statistics collection disk updates per slot	3000
_dlm_stats_collect_mode	DLM statistics collection mode	6
_dlm_stats_collect_slot_interval	DLM statistics collection slot interval (in seconds)	60
_dlmtrace	Trace string of global enqueue type(s)
_dm_dmf_details_compatibility	set dm dmf details compatibility version	12.1.0
_dm_enable_legacy_dmf_output_types	revert dmf output types to pre-12.1.0.1	FALSE
_dm_inmemory_threshold	In-memory cardinality threshold	1000000
_dm_max_chunk_size	Data Mining Max Chunk Size	2000
_dm_max_shared_pool_pct	max percentage of the shared pool to use for a mining model	1
_dml_batch_error_limit	number or error handles allocated for DML in batch mode	0
_dml_frequency_tracking	Control DML frequency tracking	FALSE
_dml_frequency_tracking_advance	Control automatic advance and broadcast of DML frequencies	TRUE
_dml_frequency_tracking_slot_time	Time length of each slot for DML frequency tracking	15
_dml_frequency_tracking_slots	Number of slots to use for DML frequency tracking	4
_dml_monitoring_enabled	enable modification monitoring	TRUE
_dmm_auto_max_features	Auto Max Features	500
_dmm_blas_library	Control which BLAS/LAPACK dynamic library to load
_dmm_cnt_arr_size_threshold	Counts Array Size Threshold	500000
_dmm_details_filter_weight	Filter details based on weight	1
_dmm_force_treetop_merge	Force Treetop Merge	0
_dmm_inc_cholesky_rows	Incomplete Cholesky number of rows	50000
_dmm_ipp_cutoff	Intra-Partition Parallel size cutoff	0
_dmm_kmean_dense_threshold	Kmean densify threshold	500
_dmm_max_memory_size	Maximum Memory Size	1000000
_dmm_memory_size	Memory Size	64000000
_dmm_nobin_threshold	No Binning Row Count Threshold	200
_dmm_pga_load_threshold	Model size less than threshold are loaded into PGA	3
_dmm_reduction_rate	Reduction rate in reduction tree	4
_dmm_sample_lower_threshold	Minimum Sample Size	10000
_dmm_sample_upper_threshold	Maximum Sample Size	500000
_dmm_ts_lapack	Enable usage of BLAS/LAPACK for Tall Skinny SVD	1
_dmsqr_qr_chunk_rows	QR maximum chunk rows	10000
_dnfs_rdma_enable	Enable dNFS RDMA transfers	rman
_dnfs_rdma_max	Maximum size of dNFS RDMA transfer	1048576
_dnfs_rdma_min	Minimum size of dNFS RDMA transfer	8192
_domain_index_batch_size	maximum number of rows from one call to domain index fetch routine	2000
_domain_index_dml_batch_size	maximum number of rows for one call to domain index dml routines	200
_dra_bmr_number_threshold	Maximum number of BMRs that can be done to a file	1000
_dra_bmr_percent_threshold	Maximum percentage of blocks in a file that can be BMR-ed	10
_dra_enable_offline_dictionary	Enable the periodic creation of the offline dictionary for DRA	FALSE
_drm_parallel_freeze	if TRUE enables parallel drm freeze	TRUE
_drop_flashback_logical_operations_enq	Drop logical operations enqueue immediately during flashback marker generation	FALSE
_drop_stat_segment	drop ilm statistics segment	0
_drop_table_granule	drop_table_granule	256
_drop_table_optimization_enabled	reduce SGA memory use during drop of a partitioned table	TRUE
_drop_tablespace_objects	GDR: drop all tablespace objects	0
_ds_enable_auto_txn	Dynamic Sampling Service Autonomous Transaction control parameter	FALSE
_ds_enable_view_sampling	Use sampling for views in Dynamic Sampling	TRUE
_ds_iocount_iosize	Dynamic Sampling Service defaults: #IOs and IO Size	6553664
_ds_parse_model	Dynamic Sampling Service Parse Model control parameter	2
_ds_progressive_initial_samples	Number of initial samples used for progressive sampling	2
_ds_progressive_no_matches_min_sample_size	Minimum sample size at which progressive sampling report no match	50
_ds_sampling_method	Dynamic sampling method used	PROGRESSIVE
_ds_xt_split_count	Dynamic Sampling Service: split count for external tables	1
_dsc_feature_level	controls the feature level for deferred segment creation	0
_dskm_health_check_cnt	DiSKMon health check counter	20
_dskm_single_instance	DSKM and Diskmon operating in Single Instance mode	FALSE
_dss_cache_flush	enable full cache flush for parallel execution	FALSE
_dss_cache_flush_threshold	threshold when thread ckpt considered over obj ckpt	1
_dtree_area_size	size of Decision Tree Classification work area	131072
_dtree_binning_enabled	Decision Tree Binning Enabled	TRUE
_dtree_max_surrogates	maximum number of surrogates	1
_dtree_pruning_enabled	Decision Tree Pruning Enabled	TRUE
_dummy_instance	dummy instance started by RMAN	FALSE
_dump_10261_level	Dump level for event 10261, 1=>minimal dump 2=>top pga dump	0
_dump_common_subexpressions	dump common subexpressions	FALSE
_dump_connect_by_loop_data	dump connect by loop error message into trc file	FALSE
_dump_cursor_heap_sizes	dump comp/exec heap sizes to tryace file	FALSE
_dump_interval_limit	trace dump time interval limit (in seconds)	120
_dump_max_limit	max number of dump within dump interval	5
_dump_qbc_tree	dump top level query parse tree to trace	0
_dump_rcvr_ipc	if TRUE enables IPC dump at instance eviction time	TRUE
_dump_scn_increment_stack	Dumps scn increment stack per session
_dump_system_state_scope	scope of sysstate dump during instance termination	local
_dump_trace_scope	scope of trace dump during a process crash	global
_duplicated_table_complete_refresh_percent	percent threshold for duplicated table to do complete refresh	50
_dupt_noupdate	disable duplicated table updates	0
_dynamic_rls_policies	rls policies are dynamic	TRUE
_dynamic_sequence_cache	Enable/disable sequence dynamic cache sizing	TRUE
_dynamic_sequence_cache_max	Sequence dynamic cache maximum size	1000000
_dynamic_sequence_cache_scale	Max scale factor for dynamic sequence cache size	10
_dynamic_sessions_force_timeout	dynamic session force timeout	30
_dynamic_sessions_inc_count	dynamic session increment count	1000
_dynamic_sessions_max_oom_timeout	dynamic session max timeout for out of memory	300
_dynamic_sessions_min_force_timeout	dynamic min session force timeout	5
_dynamic_sessions_wait_timeout	dynamic session wait timeout for new session	100
_dynamic_share_range_factor	dynamic share range factor	2
_dynamic_stats_threshold	delay threshold (in seconds) between sending statistics messages	30
_early_flush_delta	SCN delta to trigger early log flush	0
_edition_enable_oracle_users	Edition enable Oracle supplied users
_eighteenth_spare_parameter	eighteenth spare parameter - integer
_eighth_spare_parameter	eighth spare parameter - integer
_eightieth_spare_parameter	eightieth spare parameter - integer
_eighty-eighth_spare_parameter	eighty-eighth spare parameter - string
_eighty-fifth_spare_parameter	eighty-fifth spare parameter - string
_eighty-first_spare_parameter	eighty-first spare parameter - string
_eighty-fourth_spare_parameter	eighty-fourth spare parameter - string
_eighty-ninth_spare_parameter	eighty-ninth spare parameter - string
_eighty-seventh_spare_parameter	eighty-seventh spare parameter - string
_eighty-sixth_spare_parameter	eighty-sixth spare parameter - string
_eighty-third_spare_parameter	eighty-third spare parameter - string
_eleventh_spare_parameter	eleventh spare parameter - integer
_eliminate_common_subexpr	enables elimination of common sub-expressions	TRUE
_emon_max_active_connections	maximum open connections to clients per emon	256
_emon_outbound_connect_timeout	timeout for completing connection set up to clients	7200000
_emon_pool_inc	increment in EMON slaves per pool type	4
_emon_pool_max	maximum number of EMON slaves per pool type	16
_emon_pool_min	minimum number of EMON slaves per pool type	4
_emon_regular_ntfn_slaves	number of EMON slaves doing regular database notifications	4
_emon_send_timeout	send timeout after which the client is unregistered	7200000
_emx_control	EM Express control (internal use only)	0
_emx_max_sessions	Maximum number of sessions in the EM Express cache	128
_emx_session_timeout	Session timeout (sec) in the EM Express cache	3600
_ena_storage_lmt	Enable storage clause for LMT	DEFAULT
_enable_12g_bft	enable 12g bigfile tablespace	TRUE
_enable_asyncvio	enable asynch vectored I/O	FALSE
_enable_auto_upgrade	Enable automatic PDB upgrade	FALSE
_enable_automatic_maintenance	if 1, Automated Maintenance Is Enabled	1
_enable_automatic_sqltune	Automatic SQL Tuning Advisory enabled parameter	TRUE
_enable_block_level_transaction_recovery	enable block level recovery	TRUE
_enable_buffer_header_history	if TRUE, records operation history in buffer headers	TRUE
_enable_cdb_upgrade_capture	Enable capture of CDB upgrade	FALSE
_enable_check_truncate	enable checking of corruption caused by canceled truncate	TRUE
_enable_columnar_cache	Enable Columnar Flash Cache Rewrite	1
_enable_containers_subquery	enable transformation to containers() sub query	TRUE
_enable_cscn_caching	enable commit SCN caching for all transactions	FALSE
_enable_dbwr_auto_tracing	enable dbwriter auto-tracing	0
_enable_ddl_wait_lock	use this to turn off ddls with wait semantics	TRUE
_enable_default_affinity	enable default implementation of hard affinity osds	0
_enable_default_temp_threshold	Enable Default Tablespace Utilization Threshold for UNDO Tablespaces	TRUE
_enable_default_undo_threshold	Enable Default Tablespace Utilization Threshold for TEMPORARY Tablespaces	TRUE
_enable_dml_lock_escalation	enable dml lock escalation against partitioned tables if TRUE	TRUE
_enable_drop_clone	Is drop of a Root Clone allowed	FALSE
_enable_dynamic_sessions	dynamic session SOs	FALSE
_enable_editions_for_users	enable editions for all users	FALSE
_enable_event_ports	Enable/Disable event ports	TRUE
_enable_exchange_validation_using_check	use check constraints on the table for validation	TRUE
_enable_fast_file_zero	enable fast file zero code path	TRUE
_enable_fast_ref_after_mv_tbs	enable fast refresh after move tablespace	FALSE
_enable_ffw	FAL FORWARDING	TRUE
_enable_flash_logging	Enable Exadata Smart Flash Logging	TRUE
_enable_Front_End_View_Optimization	enable front end view optimization	1
_enable_guid_endpoint_service	Enable service functionality for GUID service	TRUE
_enable_hash_overflow	TRUE - enable hash cluster overflow based on SIZE	FALSE
_enable_heatmap_internal	heatmap related - to be used by oracle dev only	FALSE
_enable_http_digest_generation	generation of the HTTP Digest verifier is enabled	TRUE
_enable_hwm_sync	enable HWM synchronization	TRUE
_enable_iee_stats	enables IEE stats gathering	TRUE
_enable_ilm_flush_stats	Enable ILM Stats Flush	TRUE
_enable_ilm_testflush_stats	Enable Test ILM Stats Flush	FALSE
_enable_ios_spm	Allow Split Mirror operations via IOServer	FALSE
_enable_kernel_io_outliers	enable kernel I/O outlier feature	FALSE
_enable_kqf_purge	Enable KQF fixed runtime table purge	TRUE
_enable_list_io	Enable List I/O	FALSE
_enable_metrics_allpdb	Enable/Disable Metrics for Root and all PDBs if applicable	TRUE
_enable_metrics_pdb	Enable/Disable Metrics for this Non-Root PDB	FALSE
_enable_midtier_affinity	enable midtier affinity metrics processing	TRUE
_enable_minscn_cr	enable/disable minscn optimization for CR	TRUE
_enable_module_match	Is match of module name enforced	TRUE
_enable_multiple_fgprepares	Allow concurrent PREPAREs on the same database	FALSE
_enable_nativenet_tcpip	Enable skgxp driver usage for native net	FALSE
_enable_NUMA_interleave	Enable NUMA interleave mode	TRUE
_enable_NUMA_optimization	Enable NUMA specific optimizations	FALSE
_enable_NUMA_support	Enable NUMA support and optimizations	FALSE
_enable_nvm_dispatcher	Enable NVM Dispatcher	FALSE
_enable_obj_queues	enable object queues	TRUE
_enable_offloaded_writes	Enable offloaded writes for Unit Test	FALSE
_enable_online_index_without_s_locking	Allow online index creation algorithm without S DML lock	TRUE
_enable_os_cpu_rm	Enable OS CPU Resource Management	FALSE
_enable_parallel_dml	enables or disables parallel dml	FALSE
_enable_partial_sync	Is partial sync of a Federation allowed	FALSE
_enable_pdb_close_abort	Enable PDB shutdown abort (close abort)	TRUE
_enable_pdb_close_noarchivelog	Enable PDB close abort with no archive logging	FALSE
_enable_pdb_isolation	Enables Pluggable Database isolation inside a CDB	FALSE
_enable_pdb_process_limit	Enable process limit as the number of sessions in the PDB.	TRUE
_enable_plcmnt_pol_usage	enable placement policy usage	FALSE
_enable_pluggable_database	Enable Pluggable Database	FALSE
_enable_pmo_outside_begin_end	Enable PMO outside begin-end block	TRUE
_enable_proxy_distr_txn	Enable Distributed Transaction in Proxy PDB	TRUE
_enable_query_rewrite_on_remote_objs	mv rewrite on remote table/view	TRUE
_enable_redo_global_post	LGWR post globally on write	FALSE
_enable_refresh_schedule	enable or disable MV refresh scheduling (revert to 9.2 behavior)	TRUE
_enable_rejection_cache	Enable ASSM rejection cache	TRUE
_enable_reliable_latch_waits	Enable reliable latch waits	TRUE
_enable_rename_user	enable RENAME-clause using ALTER USER statement	FALSE
_enable_replay_upgrade_diag	Enable diagnostics for Replay Upgrade	FALSE
_enable_rlb	enable RLB metrics processing	TRUE
_enable_row_shipping	use the row shipping optimization for wide table selects	TRUE
_enable_schema_synonyms	enable DDL operations (e.g. creation) involving schema synonyms	FALSE
_enable_scn_wait_interface	use this to turn off scn wait interface in kta	TRUE
_enable_secure_sub_role	Disallow enabling of secure sub roles	FALSE
_enable_securefile_flashback_opt	Enable securefile flashback optimization	FALSE
_enable_sensitive_trace	enable traces to contain sensitive information	FALSE
_enable_separable_transactions	enable/disable separable transactions	FALSE
_enable_shared_pool_durations	temporary to disable/enable kgh policy	TRUE
_enable_shared_server_sizing	Enable sizing manager for shared servers	TRUE
_enable_shared_server_sizing_slope	Enable utility slope in sizing manager for shared servers	FALSE
_enable_shared_server_vector_io	Enable shared server vector I/O	FALSE
_enable_single_dgprepare	Disable concurrent PREPAREs in same disk group	FALSE
_enable_space_preallocation	enable space pre-allocation	3
_enable_spacebg	enable space management background task	TRUE
_enable_sysaux_gdr	GDR: Enable on SYSAUX	FALSE
_enable_system_app	Enable System app for CDB-wide common users	2
_enable_tablespace_alerts	enable tablespace alerts	TRUE
_enable_tcpinfo_statistics