shutdown immediate的情况，丢失全部控制文件和数据文件（不包括redo），方法1

准备工作
下面的操作，说明如果完全恢复，可以看到insert into test1 values(11);，因为11是redo中已经commit的，12是redo中没有commit的
  
SQL> insert into test1 values(8);
  
1 row created.
  
SQL> commit;
  
Commit complete.
  
SQL> insert into test1 values(9);
  
1 row created.
  
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
  
System altered.
  
SQL> conn internal
Connected.
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            d:/BACKUPDB/archive
Oldest online log sequence     11
Next log sequence to archive   13
Current log sequence           13
SQL>
SQL> conn lunar/lunar
Connected.
SQL> insert into test1 values(10);
  
1 row created.
  
SQL> commit;
  
Commit complete.
  
SQL> insert into test1 values(11);
  
1 row created.
  
SQL> conn internal
Connected.
SQL> conn lunar/lunar
Connected.
SQL> insert into test1 values(12);
  
1 row created.
  
SQL>
然后单独开启一个实例，再shutdown immediate
（这样，insert into test1 values(12);就是没有提交的数据了，如果完全恢复应该一直可以看到insert into test1 values(11);）
Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195]
(C) 版权所有 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.
  
E:/>sqlplus internal
  
SQL*Plus: Release 8.1.7.0.0 - Production on 星期一 10月 21 00:58:38 2002
  
(c) Copyright 2000 Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.
  
连接到:
Oracle8i Enterprise Edition Release 8.1.7.0.0 - Production
With the Partitioning option
JServer Release 8.1.7.0.0 - Production
  
SQL> shutdown immediate
数据库已经关闭。
已经卸载数据库。
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。
SQL>
拷贝热备的所有控制文件和数据文件
mount数据库
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE 例程已经启动。
  
Total System Global Area   25856028 bytes
Fixed Size                    75804 bytes
Variable Size               8925184 bytes
Database Buffers           16777216 bytes
Redo Buffers                  77824 bytes
ORA-01991: ???????'d:/oracle1/ora81/DATABASE/PWDbackup.ORA'
  
根据提示，重建口令文件
SQL> host
Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195]
(C) 版权所有 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.
  
E:/>cd d:/oracle1/ora81/DATABASE/PWDbackup
系统找不到指定的路径。
  
E:/>cd d:/oracle1/ora81/DATABASE
  
E:/>d:
  
D:/oracle1/ora81/database>del PWDbackup.ORA
  
D:/oracle1/ora81/database>dir PWDbackup.ORA
  驱动器 D 中的卷是 Program
  卷的序列号是 D0E6-FA1C
  
  D:/oracle1/ora81/database 的目录
  
找不到文件
  
D:/oracle1/ora81/database>orapwd file=d:/oracle1/ora81/DATABASE/PWDbackup.ORA pa
ssword=oracle entries=10;
  
D:/oracle1/ora81/database>exit
用to trace备份控制文件
SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace;
  
数据库已更改。
  
shutdown immediate关闭数据库
SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01109: ??????
  
已经卸载数据库。
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。
SQL>
找到那个控制文件，然后编辑：
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "BACKUP" NORESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
     MAXLOGFILES 32
     MAXLOGMEMBERS 2
     MAXDATAFILES 254
     MAXINSTANCES 1
     MAXLOGHISTORY 453
LOGFILE
   GROUP 1 'D:/BACKUPDB/REDO01.LOG'  SIZE 1M,
   GROUP 2 'D:/BACKUPDB/REDO02.LOG'  SIZE 1M,
   GROUP 3 'D:/BACKUPDB/REDO03.LOG'  SIZE 1M
DATAFILE
   'D:/BACKUPDB/SYSTEM01.DBF',
   'D:/BACKUPDB/RBS01.DBF',
   'D:/BACKUPDB/USERS01.DBF',
   'D:/BACKUPDB/TEMP01.DBF',
   'D:/BACKUPDB/TOOLS01.DBF',
   'D:/BACKUPDB/INDX01.DBF'
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
;
RECOVER DATABASE
ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG ALL;
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
  
重建控制文件，并且恢复数据库
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE 例程已经启动。
  
Total System Global Area   25856028 bytes
Fixed Size                    75804 bytes
Variable Size               8925184 bytes
Database Buffers           16777216 bytes
Redo Buffers                  77824 bytes
SQL>
SQL>  @D:/BACKUPDB/udump/ORA01904.sql
ORA-01081: cannot start already-running ORACLE - shut it down first
  
Cluster altered.
  
ORA-00279: change 424112 generated at 10/20/2002 20:40:52 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : D:/BACKUPDB/ARCHIVE/BACKUPT001S00001.ARC
ORA-00280: change 424112 for thread 1 is in sequence #1
  
ORA-00308: cannot open archived log 'ALTER'
ORA-27041: unable to open file
OSD-04002: 无法打开文件
O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。
  
ALTER DATABASE OPEN
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01113: file 1 needs media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 1: 'D:/BACKUPDB/SYSTEM01.DBF'
  
SQL>
  
关闭数据库
除了redo log file中没有提交的数据，其他都可以找回来
SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01109: database not open
  
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
  
重新mount，作完全恢复（recover database;）
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
  
Total System Global Area   25856028 bytes
Fixed Size                    75804 bytes
Variable Size               8925184 bytes
Database Buffers           16777216 bytes
Redo Buffers                  77824 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL>
SQL> recover database;
ORA-00279: change 424112 generated at 10/20/2002 20:40:52 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : D:/BACKUPDB/ARCHIVE/BACKUPT001S00001.ARC
ORA-00280: change 424112 for thread 1 is in sequence #1
  
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
auto
ORA-00279: change 424125 generated at 10/20/2002 20:44:14 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : D:/BACKUPDB/ARCHIVE/BACKUPT001S00002.ARC
ORA-00280: change 424125 for thread 1 is in sequence #2
ORA-00278: log file 'D:/BACKUPDB/ARCHIVE/BACKUPT001S00001.ARC' no longer needed
for this recovery
  
ORA-00279: change 424135 generated at 10/20/2002 21:55:35 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : D:/BACKUPDB/ARCHIVE/BACKUPT001S00003.ARC
ORA-00280: change 424135 for thread 1 is in sequence #3
ORA-00278: log file 'D:/BACKUPDB/ARCHIVE/BACKUPT001S00002.ARC' no longer needed
for this recovery
  
ORA-00279: change 424139 generated at 10/20/2002 21:57:42 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : D:/BACKUPDB/ARCHIVE/BACKUPT001S00004.ARC
ORA-00280: change 424139 for thread 1 is in sequence #4
ORA-00278: log file 'D:/BACKUPDB/ARCHIVE/BACKUPT001S00003.ARC' no longer needed
for this recovery
  
ORA-00279: change 424143 generated at 10/20/2002 21:57:54 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : D:/BACKUPDB/ARCHIVE/BACKUPT001S00005.ARC
ORA-00280: change 424143 for thread 1 is in sequence #5
ORA-00278: log file 'D:/BACKUPDB/ARCHIVE/BACKUPT001S00004.ARC' no longer needed
for this recovery
  
ORA-00279: change 444145 generated at 10/20/2002 22:01:23 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : D:/BACKUPDB/ARCHIVE/BACKUPT001S00006.ARC
ORA-00280: change 444145 for thread 1 is in sequence #6
ORA-00278: log file 'D:/BACKUPDB/ARCHIVE/BACKUPT001S00005.ARC' no longer needed
for this recovery
  
ORA-00279: change 464194 generated at 10/20/2002 22:24:10 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : D:/BACKUPDB/ARCHIVE/BACKUPT001S00007.ARC
ORA-00280: change 464194 for thread 1 is in sequence #7
ORA-00278: log file 'D:/BACKUPDB/ARCHIVE/BACKUPT001S00006.ARC' no longer needed
for this recovery
  
ORA-00279: change 484347 generated at 10/21/2002 00:16:14 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : D:/BACKUPDB/ARCHIVE/BACKUPT001S00008.ARC
ORA-00280: change 484347 for thread 1 is in sequence #8
ORA-00278: log file 'D:/BACKUPDB/ARCHIVE/BACKUPT001S00007.ARC' no longer needed
for this recovery
  
ORA-00279: change 484401 generated at 10/21/2002 00:30:27 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : D:/BACKUPDB/ARCHIVE/BACKUPT001S00009.ARC
ORA-00280: change 484401 for thread 1 is in sequence #9
ORA-00278: log file 'D:/BACKUPDB/ARCHIVE/BACKUPT001S00008.ARC' no longer needed
for this recovery
  
ORA-00279: change 484453 generated at 10/21/2002 00:33:51 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : D:/BACKUPDB/ARCHIVE/BACKUPT001S00010.ARC
ORA-00280: change 484453 for thread 1 is in sequence #10
ORA-00278: log file 'D:/BACKUPDB/ARCHIVE/BACKUPT001S00009.ARC' no longer needed
for this recovery
  
Log applied.
Media recovery complete.
SQL>
  
打开数据库
SQL> alter database open;
  
Database altered.
  
验证恢复结果：完全恢复
SQL> conn lunar/lunar
Connected.
SQL> select * from test1;
  
          A
----------
          1
          2
          3
          4
          5
          6
          7
          8
          9
         10
         11
  
11 rows selected.
  
SQL>
SQL> conn internal
Connected.
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            d:/BACKUPDB/archive
Oldest online log sequence     12
Next log sequence to archive   14
Current log sequence           14
SQL>
说明：
1.  把热备的控制文件和数据文件拷贝过来
2.  mount数据库   
3.  根据提示，重建口令文件   
4.  用to trace备份控制文件   
5.  shutdown immediate关闭数据库   
6.  找到那个控制文件，然后编辑：   
7.  重建控制文件，并且恢复数据库   
8.  关闭数据库   
9.  重新mount，作完全恢复（recover database;）   
10.  打开数据库  

http://www.cnoug.org/viewthread.php?tid=91&highlight=%2Blunar