2.6 网络文件系统

最新推荐文章于 2022-12-06 22:59:39 发布

洛冰音

最新推荐文章于 2022-12-06 22:59:39 发布

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分类专栏： RH135 Linux系统管理及网络服务运维入门

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/lunarlibrary/article/details/114266633

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网络文件系统

注意事项
Samba
NFS网络文件系统

注意事项

本章节中全程保持Selinux开启

Samba

Samba服务简介

SMB = Server Message Block
CIFS = Common Internet File System

Windows系统共享文件时用到的协议是SMB
Linux端则使用CIFS

简单来说,SAMBA就是用于Linux和Windows间跨平台进行数据传输的工具之一.

##Samba基本信息

##分别安装服务端,客户端及工具包
dnf install samba samba-common samba-client -y

smb.service				##服务启动脚本
/etc/samba				##主配置目录
/etc/smb.conf			##主配置文件
samba_share_t			##安全上下文
139						##NetBIOS会话服务端口
445						##SMB Direct端口

Samba的安装与启用

dnf install   samba.x86_64 samba-common.noarch  samba-client -y
systemctl enable --now smb
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=samba
firewall-cmd --reload

##测试方法
smbclient -L //172.25.254.36

开启火墙支持
添加Samba用户

为Samba添加用户

虽然Samba可以通过设置允许匿名访问,但是通常来说我们还是需要添加用户的.

添加的Samba用户必须是服务端已经存在的用户
下列操作均为对服务端的操作

smbpasswd -a Test		##添加Test用户作为Samba用户
pdbedit -L				##查看Samba用户列表
pdbedit -x Test			##删除Test用户


##访问家目录
首先因为Selinux是开启的,需要检查Sebool的开关状态
getsebool -a | grep samba
setsebool -p samba_enable_home_dirs on
setsebool -P samba_export_all_ro 1
smbclient -L //172.25.254.36 -U Test
##使用Test用户登录Samba服务器并查看共享目录

##使用Test用户登录SMB服务器并把TestDir目录挂载到客户机的mnt目录下
mount -o username=Test,passwd=Test //172.25.254.125/TestDir /mnt

Sebool上锁了家目录
开启家目录开关
正确访问家目录

添加Samba服务共享目录

##创建新的共享目录,设置并刷新安全上下文
mkdir /TestDir
touch /TestDir/TestFile{1..5}
semanage fcontext -a -t samba_share_t '/TestDir(/.*)?'
restorecon -RvvF /TestDir

##编写smb配置文件
vim /etc/samba/smb.conf

[TestDir]								##共享名称
		comment = TestDir				##共享目录说明
		path = /TestDir					##目录的路径

修改安全上下文
安全上下文修改成功
用户级共享目录添加
系统级目录添加
看不到mnt中的内容
开启可读开关
正确看到mnt中的文件

Sambade的访问控制

通过修改主配置文件,可以实现对不同IP的访问控制.
由于主配置文件是分段的,写在[GLOBAL]中会作用于全局,而写在单独的共享目录下只会作用于该目录.

hosts allow		172.25.254.36		##允许172.25.254.36访问该Samba共享
hosts deny		172.25.254.25		##不允许172.25.254.25访问该Samba共享

同理也可以仅对登录用户或者组做限制

valid users = Test		##只允许用户以Test身份进行登录

valid users = +Test		##只允许用户以Test组内的用户的身份进行登录
valid users = +@Test

允许域名访问
访问结果

236无法链接

Samba的常用配置参数

writable = yes			##可写
						##可写也意味着可以建立和删除/重命名
write list = Test		##指定用户可写
write list = +Test  	##指定用户组可写
browseable= yes | no	##是否隐藏共享,即改即生效,不需要重启服务


##允许匿名用户访问
map to guest = bad user ##写在全局设定中

guest ok = yes         ##写在目录设定中,允许匿名用户访问

##指定此共享的超级用户身份
admin users = Test

用户权限区别
用户挂载区别
单独目录权限设置
组权限设置

Samba的多用户挂载

在上文中我们使用了mount -o username=Test,passwd=Test //172.25.254.125/TestDir /mnt进行Samba目录挂载.为了下文方便,首先在客户端安装如下软件.

dnf install cifs-utils -y

但正如你所看到的,登录用户和密码以明文的形式出现在了历史记录中.
这里我们改用文件的方式来进行验证

##创建验证文件
vim /root/smb_auth
username=Test
password=Test

##修改文件权限,让只有root用户可以查看,保证密码的安全性
chmod 600 /root/smb_auth

##采用文件验证方式登录挂载Samba,历史中不会出现明文信息
mount //172.25.254.136/TestDir /media/ -o credentials=/root/smb_auth

credentials参数

在客户段如果用这种普通的挂载方式,没有进行过用户验证的人也可以访问Samba服务.这是不合理也不安全的.但可以通过在客户端进行配置来解决.如增加multiuser参数.
建立普通用户
普通用户可操作

multiuser参数
如上图所说,虽然这样其他用户就没法访问root用户挂载的目录了,但是如果其他用户也能自行进行登录验证决定是否可访问就更好了,这就涉及到了sec参数.
sec参数说明

##增加sec=ntlmssp参数后,其他用户可以通过Samba验证进行访问
mount //172.25.254.125/westos /media/ -o credentials=/root/smb_auth,multiuser,sec=ntlmssp

当其他系统用户的身份进行访问但输入错误的密码之后,将无法访问挂载目录.即使再次登录也会被拒绝.除非删除之前的错误访问记录.

##添加访问认证
cifscreds add -u Test 172.25.254.125
##删除错误认证
cifscreds clear -u Test 172.25.254.125

NFS网络文件系统

NFS (Net File System),另一种用于进行网络文件共享的软件.
NFS默认不需要用户认证,但可以自行添加.

##软件安装
dnf install nfs-utils -y
##服务名称
nfs-service
##共享目录的配置文件
/etc/exports
##查看挂载的方式
showmount -e IP地址

##添加火墙支持,rpcbind mountd nfs都需要被火墙允许
systemctl enable --now nfs-server
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=rpc-bind
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=mountd
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=nfs
firewall-cmd --reload

火墙配置重载

举例编写exports文件,将TestDir加入其中并允许只读访问.

vim /etc/exports
cat /etc/exports
/TestDir	*(ro)
##刷新配置文件
exportfs -rv
exporting *:/TestDir

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=nfs
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=mountd 
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=rpc-bind 
firewall-cmd --reload 
	


systemctl enable --now nfs-server.service


showmount -e 172.25.254.136
mount 172.25.254.136 /media

客户端挂载

NFS配置中的一些参数

anonuid=1000				##指定用户身份ID
anongid=1000				##指定组的身份ID
sync						##更改生成后同步数据到服务器           
async						##时时同步数据到服务器
rw							##读写权限
ro							##只读权限
no_root_squash				##root用户挂载不转化身份

NFS默认的同步方式为sync.

参数应用举例

/TestDir			*(rw,anonuid=1000,anongid=1000,sync,no_root_squash)

默认为nobody

身份指定
设置解析

NFS的自动挂载

NFS的自动挂载需要在客户端用到相关软件auto.fs.

dnf install autofs -y

软件安装并启动服务后会自动安装/net

ls -ld /net
ls: cannot access '/net': No such file or directory

systemctl  enable --now autofs.service 
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/autofs.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/autofs.service.

ls -ld /net
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Feb 26 11:49 /net

auto.fs时在客户端实现自动挂载卸载的软件,通过对主配置文件的修改可以实现自动挂载卸载的自定义.
auto.fs的主要配置文件有两个,分别是/etc下的auto.master和auto.misc.
auto.master起控制作用,定义了挂载点和automount动作的文件.
auto.misc就是automount动作的文件.

vim /etc/auto.master
/mnt /etc/auto.misc


vim /etc/auto.misc
nfs -fstype=nfs,ro 172.25.254.36:/public


##Autofs+Samba的组合使用方式也类似
vim /etc/auto.master
/mnt /etc/auto.samba

vim /etc/auto.samba
Samba -fstype=cifs,username=Test,password=Test  ://172.25.254.20/TestDir

ISCSI共享磁盘

上述的两种方式:NFS和Samba实际上是通过软件和软件间进行文件操作.速度和效率受限于软件本身.能不能直接将硬件进行交付呢,通过ISCSI共享磁盘的方式也是可以实现的.ISCSI不是通过软件进行操作,而是直接共享设备权限.
交互界面

网络共享设备的添加

##前期准备

##服务端
dnf  install targetcli -y
systemctl enable --now target.service

#使用targetcli命令编辑模式
targetcli

创建一个存储/设备
/backstores/block create westos_storage /dev/vdb1
创建IQN用于标识单个iSCSI目标和启动器
/iscsi create iqn.2021-02.org.westos:storage
关联IQN和存储/设备
/iscsi/iqn.2021-02.org.westos:storage/tpg1/luns create /backstores/block create westos_storage
创建一个ACL钥匙
/iscsi/iqn.2021-02.org.westos:storage/tpg1/acls create iqn.2021-02.org.westos:westoskey

修改火墙策略,允许3260端口
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=3260/tcp
firewall-cmd --reload

##客户端
##安装相关软件
dnf install iscsi-initiator-utils.x86_64 -y

##修改客户端的iscsi认证key与服务端相同
vim /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi 
InitiatorName=iqn.2021-02.org.westos:westoskey
systemctl restart iscsid

##列出服务端可用的网络存储
iscsiadm -m discovery -t st -p 172.25.254.136
##启用服务端的存储设备到本地
iscsiadm -m node  -T iqn.2021-02.org.westos:storage -p 172.25.254.125 -l

##进行分区并安装文件系统,挂载使用
fdisk /dev/vdb
udevadm settle
mkfs.xfs /dev/vdb1
mount /dev/vdb1 /mnt

IQN 的格式为：iqn.年份-月份.com|cn|net|org.域名:自定义标识

网络共享设备的删除

##查看网络共享设备
tree  /var/lib/iscsi/
##临时移除网络共享设备
iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2021-02.org.westos:storage -p 172.25.254.136 -u

客户端

如果直接-T移除网络存储设备,实际上是登出了网络共享设备,这种操作是临时的,如果重启服务就会重新刷新回来.

##临时移除网络设备
[root@Node2 /]# iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2021-02.org.westos:storage -p 172.25.254.136 -u
Logging out of session [sid: 1, target: iqn.2021-02.org.westos:storage, portal: 172.25.254.136,3260]
Logout of [sid: 1, target: iqn.2021-02.org.westos:storage, portal: 172.25.254.136,3260] successful.
##查看硬盘设备,发现网络设备消失
[root@Node2 /]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 8 GiB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xaffa72e7

Device     Boot   Start      End  Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/vda1  *       2048  1026047  1024000  500M 83 Linux
/dev/vda2       1026048  2050047  1024000  500M 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/vda3       2050048 16777215 14727168    7G 83 Linux
##重启服务,可以发现网络共享设备又回来了
[root@Node2 /]# systemctl restart iscsi
[root@Node2 /]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 8 GiB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xaffa72e7

Device     Boot   Start      End  Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/vda1  *       2048  1026047  1024000  500M 83 Linux
/dev/vda2       1026048  2050047  1024000  500M 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/vda3       2050048 16777215 14727168    7G 83 Linux


Disk /dev/sda: 5 GiB, 5367660544 bytes, 10483712 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x530ee181

Device     Boot Start      End  Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1        2048 10483711 10481664   5G 83 Linux
[root@Node2 /]# tree /var/lib/iscsi/
/var/lib/iscsi/
├── ifaces
├── isns
├── nodes
│   └── iqn.2021-02.org.westos:storage
│       └── 172.25.254.136,3260,1
│           └── default
├── send_targets
│   └── 172.25.254.136,3260
│       ├── iqn.2021-02.org.westos:storage,172.25.254.136,3260,1,default -> /var/lib/iscsi/nodes/iqn.2021-02.org.westos:storage/172.25.254.136,3260,1
│       └── st_config
├── slp
└── static
10 directories, 2 files

如果想要彻底移除本地相关信息,需要依次卸载挂载点,删除远程共享设备,最后删除本地的配置文件设置.

[root@Node2 /]# iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2021-02.org.westos:storage -p 172.25.254.136 -o delete
[root@Node2 /]# systemctl restart iscsi
[root@Node2 /]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 8 GiB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xaffa72e7

Device     Boot   Start      End  Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/vda1  *       2048  1026047  1024000  500M 83 Linux
/dev/vda2       1026048  2050047  1024000  500M 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/vda3       2050048 16777215 14727168    7G 83 Linux
[root@Node2 /]# tree /var/lib/iscsi/
/var/lib/iscsi/
├── ifaces
├── isns
├── nodes
├── send_targets
│   └── 172.25.254.136,3260
│       └── st_config
├── slp
└── static

7 directories, 1 file

服务端
相比客户端,服务端的删除方式步骤较为繁琐,但是逻辑是一样的,依次删除设备文件后删除所有/想要删除的配置.

##删除共享设备/存储                            
/> iscsi/ delete iqn.2021-02.org.westos:storage 
Deleted Target iqn.2021-02.org.westos:storage.
/> ls
o- / ..................................................................... [...]
  o- backstores .......................................................... [...]
  | o- block .............................................. [Storage Objects: 1]
  | | o- westos_storage ............ [/dev/vdb1 (5.0GiB) write-thru deactivated]
  | |   o- alua ............................................... [ALUA Groups: 1]
  | |     o- default_tg_pt_gp ................... [ALUA state: Active/optimized]
  | o- fileio ............................................. [Storage Objects: 0]
  | o- pscsi .............................................. [Storage Objects: 0]
  | o- ramdisk ............................................ [Storage Objects: 0]
  o- iscsi ........................................................ [Targets: 0]
  o- loopback ..................................................... [Targets: 0]
##清理配置文件
/> clearconfig 
As a precaution, confirm=True needs to be set
/> clearconfig confirm=True
All configuration cleared
/> ls
o- / ..................................................................... [...]
  o- backstores .......................................................... [...]
  | o- block .............................................. [Storage Objects: 0]
  | o- fileio ............................................. [Storage Objects: 0]
  | o- pscsi .............................................. [Storage Objects: 0]
  | o- ramdisk ............................................ [Storage Objects: 0]
  o- iscsi ........................................................ [Targets: 0]
  o- loopback ..................................................... [Targets: 0]
/>

ISCSI具体操作流程

服务端添加

/> /backstores/block create westos_storage /dev/vdb
/dev/vdb   /dev/vdb1  
/> /backstores/block create westos_storage /dev/vdb1
Created block storage object westos_storage using /dev/vdb1.
/> /iscsi create iqn.2021-02.org.westos:storage
Created target iqn.2021-02.org.westos:storage.
Created TPG 1.
Global pref auto_add_default_portal=true
Created default portal listening on all IPs (0.0.0.0), port 3260.
/> /iscsi/iqn.2021-02.org.westos:storage/tpg1/luns create /backstores/block/westos_storage 
Created LUN 0.
/> /iscsi/iqn.2021-02.org.westos:storage/tpg1/acls create iqn.2021-02.org.westos:westoskey
Created Node ACL for iqn.2021-02.org.westos:westoskey
Created mapped LUN 0.
/> ls
o- / ..................................................................... [...]
  o- backstores .......................................................... [...]
  | o- block .............................................. [Storage Objects: 1]
  | | o- westos_storage .............. [/dev/vdb1 (5.0GiB) write-thru activated]
  | |   o- alua ............................................... [ALUA Groups: 1]
  | |     o- default_tg_pt_gp ................... [ALUA state: Active/optimized]
  | o- fileio ............................................. [Storage Objects: 0]
  | o- pscsi .............................................. [Storage Objects: 0]
  | o- ramdisk ............................................ [Storage Objects: 0]
  o- iscsi ........................................................ [Targets: 1]
  | o- iqn.2021-02.org.westos:storage ................................ [TPGs: 1]
  |   o- tpg1 ........................................... [no-gen-acls, no-auth]
  |     o- acls ...................................................... [ACLs: 1]
  |     | o- iqn.2021-02.org.westos:westoskey ................. [Mapped LUNs: 1]
  |     |   o- mapped_lun0 .................... [lun0 block/westos_storage (rw)]
  |     o- luns ...................................................... [LUNs: 1]
  |     | o- lun0 ........ [block/westos_storage (/dev/vdb1) (default_tg_pt_gp)]
  |     o- portals ................................................ [Portals: 1]
  |       o- 0.0.0.0:3260 ................................................. [OK]
  o- loopback ..................................................... [Targets: 0]
/> exit

[root@Node1 ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=3260/tcp
success
[root@Node1 ~]# firewall-cmd --reload 
success
[root@Node1 ~]# targetcli
targetcli shell version 2.1.51
Copyright 2011-2013 by Datera, Inc and others.
For help on commands, type 'help'.

/> ls
o- / ..................................................................... [...]
  o- backstores .......................................................... [...]
  | o- block .............................................. [Storage Objects: 1]
  | | o- westos_storage .............. [/dev/vdb1 (5.0GiB) write-thru activated]
  | |   o- alua ............................................... [ALUA Groups: 1]
  | |     o- default_tg_pt_gp ................... [ALUA state: Active/optimized]
  | o- fileio ............................................. [Storage Objects: 0]
  | o- pscsi .............................................. [Storage Objects: 0]
  | o- ramdisk ............................................ [Storage Objects: 0]
  o- iscsi ........................................................ [Targets: 1]
  | o- iqn.2021-02.org.westos:storage ................................ [TPGs: 1]
  |   o- tpg1 ........................................... [no-gen-acls, no-auth]
  |     o- acls ...................................................... [ACLs: 1]
  |     | o- iqn.2021-02.org.westos:westoskey ................. [Mapped LUNs: 1]
  |     |   o- mapped_lun0 .................... [lun0 block/westos_storage (rw)]
  |     o- luns ...................................................... [LUNs: 1]
  |     | o- lun0 ........ [block/westos_storage (/dev/vdb1) (default_tg_pt_gp)]
  |     o- portals ................................................ [Portals: 1]
  |       o- 0.0.0.0:3260 ................................................. [OK]
  o- loopback ..................................................... [Targets: 0]
/> exit
Global pref auto_save_on_exit=true
Last 10 configs saved in /etc/target/backup/.
Configuration saved to /etc/target/saveconfig.json
[root@Node1 ~]# systemctl restart target.service

客户端安装与配置

[root@Node2 ~]# dnf install iscsi-initiator-utils.x86_64 -y
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:15:15 ago on Fri 26 Feb 2021 03:18:01 PM CST.
Package iscsi-initiator-utils-6.2.0.878-4.gitd791ce0.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete!

[root@Node2 ~]# vim /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi 
[root@Node2 ~]# iscsiadm -m discovery -t st -p 172.25.254.136
172.25.254.136:3260,1 iqn.2021-02.org.westos:storage
[root@Node2 ~]# iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2021-02.org.westos:storage -p 172.25.254.136 -l
Logging in to [iface: default, target: iqn.2021-02.org.westos:storage, portal: 172.25.254.136,3260]
Login to [iface: default, target: iqn.2021-02.org.westos:storage, portal: 172.25.254.136,3260] successful.

[root@Node2 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 8 GiB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xaffa72e7

Device     Boot   Start      End  Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/vda1  *       2048  1026047  1024000  500M 83 Linux
/dev/vda2       1026048  2050047  1024000  500M 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/vda3       2050048 16777215 14727168    7G 83 Linux


Disk /dev/sda: 5 GiB, 5367660544 bytes, 10483712 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

[root@Node2 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 8 GiB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xaffa72e7

Device     Boot   Start      End  Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/vda1  *       2048  1026047  1024000  500M 83 Linux
/dev/vda2       1026048  2050047  1024000  500M 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/vda3       2050048 16777215 14727168    7G 83 Linux


Disk /dev/sda: 5 GiB, 5367660544 bytes, 10483712 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[root@Node2 ~]# mount /dev/sda /mnt/
mount: /mnt: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sda, missing codepage or helper program, or other error.
[root@Node2 ~]# fdisk
[root@Node2 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 8 GiB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xaffa72e7

Device     Boot   Start      End  Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/vda1  *       2048  1026047  1024000  500M 83 Linux
/dev/vda2       1026048  2050047  1024000  500M 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/vda3       2050048 16777215 14727168    7G 83 Linux


Disk /dev/sda: 5 GiB, 5367660544 bytes, 10483712 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[root@Node2 ~]# fdisk /dev/sda 

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x530ee181.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): n
Value out of range.
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-10483711, default 2048): 
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-10483711, default 10483711): 

Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 5 GiB.

Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 5 GiB, 5367660544 bytes, 10483712 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x530ee181

Device     Boot Start      End  Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1        2048 10483711 10481664   5G 83 Linux

Command (m for help): wq
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

[root@Node2 ~]# mkfs.
mkfs.cramfs  mkfs.ext3    mkfs.fat     mkfs.msdos   mkfs.xfs     
mkfs.ext2    mkfs.ext4    mkfs.minix   mkfs.vfat    
[root@Node2 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sda1
meta-data=/dev/sda1              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=327552 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
         =                       reflink=1
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=1310208, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@Node2 ~]# mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/
[root@Node2 ~]# df
Filesystem     1K-blocks    Used Available Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs          473480       0    473480   0% /dev
tmpfs             501328       0    501328   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs             501328    7136    494192   2% /run
tmpfs             501328       0    501328   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda3        7353344 4431300   2922044  61% /
/dev/vda1         506528  201624    304904  40% /boot
tmpfs             100264       4    100260   1% /run/user/0
/dev/sda1        5230592   69516   5161076   2% /mnt
[root@Node2 ~]# cd /mnt/
[root@Node2 mnt]# ls
[root@Node2 mnt]# touch TestFile
[root@Node2 mnt]# ls
TestFile