Spring MVC

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-04 23:30:44 发布

lunaticCode1

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-04 23:30:44 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/lunaticCode1/article/details/100883754

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1.搭建环境及完成Controller和viewer的映射

spring MVC运行机制
在这里插入图片描述
解读：一个请求发到DispatcherServlet，然后DispatcherServlet根据URL找到对应的Handlermapping，DispatcherServle再根据Handlermapping找到对应的Controller，Controller处理请求，返回给DispatcherServle 一个视图，DispatcherServle通过ViewResolver处理这个视图，再找到对应的视图返回给浏览器

1.搭建环境

①.在web.xml中配置DispatcherServlet

<servlet>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>
            org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
        </servlet-class>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

注：只要一访问URL，它就会被这个servlet所捕获
不是根据映射达成的，根据中央处理器

②.在WEB-INF下建立对应的spring配置文件(名字必须为,servler的名字-servlet.xml)

③.配置Handlermapping和ViewResolver
方式1:继承的方式

public class WelcomeController extends AbstractController{
    protected ModelAndView handleRequestInternal(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("Welcome!");
        return new ModelAndView("welcome");
    }
}

spring配置文件

    //请求的URL是w.html，就会找到这个Handlermapping
    <bean name="/w.html" class="zttc.itat.controller.WelcomeController"></bean>
    //配置ViewResolver
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
    //视图文件名前的目录
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property>
        //视图文件后缀名
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>

方式二：注解的方式(推荐)

@Controller
public class HelloController {
    //在浏览器请求URL为hello，就会找到这个Handlermapping
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String Hello(){
        System.out.println("hello");
        return "hello";
    }
}

spring配置文件


<Context:component-scan base-package="zttc.itat.controller"></Context:component-scan>
   <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
    //配置ViewResolver
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
    //视图文件名前的目录
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property>
        //视图文件后缀名
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>

④.在/WEB-INF/jsp/下建立对应的视图文件
方式一建立welcome.jsp
方式二建立hello.jsp

2.Spring MVC传值

(1).网页将值传给Controller
①.直接在方法中加入形参

//从网页传的参数名为userName时就会传给该方法形参userName
//其他参数的话不会报错，形参userName因没有传值给它而为null
@RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String Hello(String userName){
        System.out.println(userName);
        System.out.println("hello");
        return "hello";
    }

②.@RequestParam

 @RequestMapping("/hello")
 //注：加上@RequestParam("userName")
 //从网页传过来的参数名必须为 userName，如果不是就会报400
    public String Hello(@RequestParam("userName") String userName){
        System.out.println(userName);
        System.out.println("hello");
        return "hello";
    }

(2).Controller将值传给网页
①.在方法中加入形参Map<String,Object>context
(传给网页的为一个请求，键为属性名，值为属性值)

@RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String Hello(String userName, Map<String,Object>context){
        context.put("userName",userName);
        return "hello";
    }

注：不推荐
②.在方法中加入形参 Model model(传给网页的为一个请求)

@RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String Hello(String userName, Model model){
        model.addAttribute("userName",userName);
        return "hello";
    }

注：model.addAttribute(new User()); 相当于model.addAttribute(“user”,new User());

3.Spring MVC实现增删改查

①.添加数据
请求首先发给该方法

  @RequestMapping(value = "/add", method = RequestMethod.GET)
 public String add(@ModelAttribute("user") User u) {
        return "user/add";
    }

然后返回该视图给浏览器

//sf:form：将请求带过来的属性(属性名为user，
//表单所填写的数据自动注入到该对象对应的属性中，
//将该对象提交上去，被方法形参中User user接收
//如果该对象最开始各属性有值，那么对应的sf：input的value值为对应属性的值)
<sf:form method="post" modelAttribute="user">
    UserName:<sf:input path="userName"></sf:input><sf:errors path="userName"></sf:errors><br/>
    PassWord:<sf:password path="passWord"></sf:password><sf:errors path="passWord"></sf:errors><br/>
    NickName:<sf:input path="nickName"></sf:input><br/>
    email:<sf:input path="emal"></sf:input>
    <sf:errors path="emal"></sf:errors><br/>
    <input type="submit" value="添加用户">
</sf:form>

将提交的请求交给该方法处理

@RequestMapping(value = "add", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String add(@Validated User user, BindingResult br) throws IOException {
        //BindingResult一定要紧跟验证user，
        // 验证结果会放进BindingResult中
        // 中间有其他参数传进来就会报错
        if (br.hasErrors()) {
            return "user/add";
        }
        users.put(user.getUserName(), user);
        //客户端跳转
        return "redirect:/user/users";
    }

②.删除数据

@RequestMapping(value = "/{userName}/delete", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String delete(@PathVariable String userName) {
        System.out.println("delete userName" + userName);
        users.remove(userName);
        return "redirect:/user/users";
    }

③.修改数据
请求首先发给该方法

 @RequestMapping(value = "/{userName}/upDate", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String update(@PathVariable String userName, Model model) {
        model.addAttribute(users.get(userName));
        return "user/updata";
    }

然后返回该视图给浏览器

//sf:form：将请求带过来的属性(属性名为user，
//表单所填写的数据自动注入到该对象对应的属性中，
//将该对象提交上去，被方法形参中User user接收
//如果该对象最开始各属性有值，那么对应的sf：input的value值为对应属性的值)
<sf:form method="post" modelAttribute="user">
    UserName:<sf:input path="userName"></sf:input><sf:errors path="userName"></sf:errors><br/>
    PassWord:<sf:password path="passWord"></sf:password><sf:errors path="passWord"></sf:errors><br/>
    NickName:<sf:input path="nickName"></sf:input><br/>
    email:<sf:input path="emal"></sf:input>
    <sf:errors path="emal"></sf:errors><br/>
    <input type="submit" value="修改用户">
</sf:form>

将提交的请求交给该方法处理

 @RequestMapping(value = "/{userName}/upDate", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String upDate(@PathVariable String userName, @Validated User user, BindingResult br) {
        if (br.hasErrors()) {
            System.out.println("错误返回");
            return "user/updata";
        }
        users.put(userName, user);
        return "redirect:/user/users";
    }

④.查找数据
首先请求发给该方法处理

@RequestMapping(value = "/{name}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String Show(@PathVariable String name, Model m) {
        System.out.println(name);
        m.addAttribute("user", users.get(name));
        return "user/show";
    }

返回该视图给浏览器

userName:${user.userName}<br/>
passWord:${user.passWord}<br/>
nickName:${user.nickName}<br/>
emal    :${user.emal}<br/>
<a href="/user/users">return</a>

补充：
(1).将请求交给controller中对应方法处理
①.浏览器需访问http://localhost:8080/user/add(必须为get请求)

@RequestMapping("/user")
@Controller
public class UserController {
 @RequestMapping(value = "/add", method = RequestMethod.GET)
  public String add(@ModelAttribute("user") User u) {
        return "user/add";
    }
}

②.浏览器需访问http://localhost:8080/add

@Controller
public class UserController {
 @RequestMapping(value = "/add", method = RequestMethod.GET)
  public String add(@ModelAttribute("user") User u) {
        return "user/add";
    }
}

③.对于需要带参数的请求，可以用以下注释解决
访问时http://localhost:8080/user/userName/upDate(userName为需要传的参数值，该参数被
@PathVariable String userName，这个userName接收)
需要写的地方：value = "/{userName}/upDate，@PathVariable String userName

@RequestMapping("/user")
@Controller
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/{userName}/upDate", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String update(@PathVariable String userName, Model model) {
    System.out.println(userName);
        return "user/updata";
    }
    }

(2).在Controller中方法处理完请求需要返回跳转的视图
①.客户端跳转:将请求发给服务器，服务器处理后在服务端找到对应的文件返回给浏览器

        return "redirect:/user/users";

②.服务端跳转:服务器直接在服务端找到对应的文件返回给浏览器

 return "user/add";

(3).验证
需导入bean-validator.jar包
需验证的User类属性

@NotEmpty(message = "用户名不能为空")
    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }

@Size(min = 1, max = 10, message = "密码的长度应该在1到10之间")
    public String getPassWord() {
        return passWord;
    }

@Email(message = "邮箱的格式不正确")
    public String getEmal() {
        return emal;
    }

Controller类中，使用验证注解

@RequestMapping(value = "add", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String add(@Validated User user, BindingResult br){
        //BindingResult一定要紧跟验证user，
        // 验证结果会放进BindingResult中
        // 中间有其他参数传进来就会报错
        if (br.hasErrors()) {
      //验证出错，服务端跳转
            return "user/add";
        }
        users.put(user.getUserName(), user);
        //客户端跳转
        return "redirect:/user/users";
    }

验证出错跳转的视图
sf:errors：对应属性出错，在网页上打印出对应的message

<sf:form method="post" modelAttribute="user" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    UserName:<sf:input path="userName"></sf:input><sf:errors path="userName"></sf:errors><br/>
    PassWord:<sf:password path="passWord"></sf:password><sf:errors path="passWord"></sf:errors><br/>
    NickName:<sf:input path="nickName"></sf:input><br/>
    email:<sf:input path="emal"></sf:input> <sf:errors path="emal"></sf:errors><br/>
    <input type="submit" value="添加用户">
</sf:form>

4.Spring MVC 异常处理

当出现异常时，返回浏览器对应的异常视图
配置User异常类

public class UserException  extends RuntimeException {
    public UserException(String message) {
        super(message);
    }
}

①.局部异常

//    /**
//     * 局部异常处理：只能处理这个Controller中的异常
//     * @param e
//     * @param req
//     * @return
//     */
   @ExceptionHandler(value = UserException.class)
   public String handleException(UserException e, HttpServletRequest req) {
       req.setAttribute("exception", e);
      return "error";
    }

②.全局异常

<!--全局异常:使用前需要注释掉Controller中的局部异常，默认将之放到请求中，键为exception-->
    <bean id="exceptionResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
        <property name="exceptionMappings">
            <props>
                <prop key="zttc.itat.model.UserException">error</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>

出现对应异常时返回的异常视图

<h1>${exception.message}</h1>

补充：将静态文件指定到某个特殊文件夹下统一处理
在spring配置文件中
eg：将web根目录下的文件夹resources指定为特殊文件夹

    <!--将静态文件指定到某个特殊的文件夹统一处理:
    要不然访问文件将会让DispatcherServlet处理并寻找文件-->
    <mvc:resources mapping="/resources/**" location="/resources/"/>

5.Spring MVC文件上传

对应所需的maven依耐

<dependency>
      <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
      <version>2.4</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
      <version>1.3.1</version>
    </dependency>

在这里插入图片描述
该视图代码

<sf:form method="post" modelAttribute="user" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    UserName:<sf:input path="userName"></sf:input><sf:errors path="userName"></sf:errors><br/>
    PassWord:<sf:password path="passWord"></sf:password><sf:errors path="passWord"></sf:errors><br/>
    NickName:<sf:input path="nickName"></sf:input><br/>
    email:<sf:input path="emal"></sf:input>
    <sf:errors path="emal"></sf:errors><br/>
    attach:<input type="file" name="attachs">
    attach:<input type="file" name="attachs">
    attach:<input type="file" name="attachs">
    <input type="submit" value="添加用户">
</sf:form>

点击添加用户，将数据交给以下方法处理

@RequestMapping(value = "add", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String add(@Validated User user, BindingResult br,@RequestParam("attachs") MultipartFile[] attachs,HttpServletRequest req) throws IOException {
        for (MultipartFile attach:attachs) {
            if(attach.isEmpty()){
                continue;
            }
            System.out.println(attach.getName() + "," + attach.getOriginalFilename() + "," + attach.getContentType());
            String realPath = req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/resours/upLoad");
            System.out.println(realPath);
            File file = new File(realPath + "/" + attach.getOriginalFilename());
            FileUtils.copyInputStreamToFile(attach.getInputStream(), file);
        }
        //BindingResult一定要紧跟验证user，
        // 验证结果会放进BindingResult中
        // 中间有其他参数传进来就会报错
        if (br.hasErrors()) {

            return "user/add";
        }
        users.put(user.getUserName(), user);
        //客户端跳转
        return "redirect:/user/users";
    }

文件保存路径为realPath

关于@RequestParam注解详解

6.Spring MVC返回json数据

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Spring MVC

Spring MVC1.搭建环境spring MVC运行机制解读：一个请求发到DispatcherServlet，然后DispatcherServlet根据URL找到对应的Handlermapping，DispatcherServle再根据Handlermapping找到对应的Controller，Controller处理请求，返回给DispatcherServle 一个视图，Dispa...
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