随着人工智能的发展，让机器代替人的部分工作已成为大趋势。
在教育领域，人工智能也会有发挥的空间，需要指出的是很多人认为人工智能就是完全又机器代替人的工作，实际上当前人工智能的发展还只是在初级阶段，或者说称为弱人工智能。
我们这里就主要讲解在教育领域的弱人工智能应用：
智能问卷系统。
一、应用需求
如何通过系统生成问卷、生成答题卡、自动阅卷功能。
印象中以前我们中考或者高考会用到答题卡，那我们能够在平常每次考试中多用到答题卡么，答案时肯定的，只需要一张A4纸。
二、技术上的需求
我们使用图像处理技术opencv生成问卷、识别答题卡内容。
三、先讲如何生成问卷
/**
* 创建答题卡
*
* @param path
* @param desFile
* @param title
* @param questionItems
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static boolean createAnswerCardImage(String path, String desFile, String title, List<QuestionItem> questionItems) throws Exception {
Mat img = Imgcodecs.imread(path);
//绘制整体边框线
Imgproc.line(img, new Point(50, 50), new Point(2430, 50), new Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
Imgproc.line(img, new Point(50, 50), new Point(50, 3458), new Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
Imgproc.line(img, new Point(2430, 50), new Point(2430, 3458), new Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
Imgproc.line(img, new Point(50, 3458), new Point(2430, 3458), new Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
//绘制内容下边框
Imgproc.line(img, new Point(50, 900), new Point(2430, 900), new Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
//绘制答案及选项
int rowNum = (questionItems.size() % 20 == 0) ? (questionItems.size() / 20) : (questionItems.size() / 20) + 1;
int y = 1000;
for (int i = 0; i < rowNum; i++) {
int x = 60;
int optionY = y;
for (int j = 0; j < 20; j++) {
Imgproc.putText(img, "" + (i * 20 + j + 1), new Point(x, y), Core.FONT_HERSHEY_SCRIPT_COMPLEX, 1, new Scalar(0, 0, 0));
optionY += 100;
//绘制4个选项A、B、C、D
String[] options = {"[A]", "[B]", "[C]", "[D]"};
for (int z = 1; z <= 4; z++) {
String option = options[z - 1];
Imgproc.putText(img, option, new Point(x, optionY), Core.FONT_HERSHEY_DUPLEX, 1, new Scalar(0, 0, 0));
optionY += 100;
}
x += 100;
if ((j + 1) % 4 == 0)
x += 100;
optionY = y;
}
y += 500;
}
Imgcodecs.imwrite(desFile, img);
//绘制问卷标题
writeTextToImage("问卷标题", 200, 200, desFile);
return true;
}
public static void writeTextToImage(String text, int x, int y, String filePath) throws Exception {
ImageIcon imgIcon = new ImageIcon(filePath);
Image theImg = imgIcon.getImage();
int width = theImg.getWidth(null) == -1 ? 200 : theImg.getWidth(null);
int height = theImg.getHeight(null) == -1 ? 200 : theImg.getHeight(null);
BufferedImage bimage = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
Graphics2D g = bimage.createGraphics();
Color mycolor = Color.black;
g.setColor(mycolor);
g.setBackground(Color.white);
g.drawImage(theImg, 0, 0, null);
g.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 70)); //字体、字型、字号
System.out.println(text);
g.drawString(text, x, y); //画文字
g.dispose();
try {
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(filePath); //先用一个特定的输出文件名
JPEGImageEncoder encoder = JPEGCodec.createJPEGEncoder(out);
JPEGEncodeParam param = encoder.getDefaultJPEGEncodeParam(bimage);
param.setQuality(100, true); //
encoder.encode(bimage, param);
out.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
throw e;
}
}
四、如何自动阅卷
public static void recogAnswerCard(String path, List<QuestionItem> questionItems) throws Exception {
//装载图片
Mat img = Imgcodecs.imread(path);
Mat srcImage2 = new Mat();
Mat srcImage3 = new Mat();
Mat srcImage4 = new Mat();
Mat srcImage5 = new Mat();
//图片变成灰度图片
Imgproc.cvtColor(img, srcImage2, Imgproc.COLOR_RGB2GRAY);
//图片二值化
Imgproc.adaptiveThreshold(srcImage2, srcImage3, 255, Imgproc.ADAPTIVE_THRESH_MEAN_C, Imgproc.THRESH_BINARY_INV, 255, 1);
//确定腐蚀和膨胀核的大小
Mat element = Imgproc.getStructuringElement(MORPH_RECT, new Size(1, 6));
//腐蚀操作
Imgproc.erode(srcImage3, srcImage4, element);
//膨胀操作
Imgproc.dilate(srcImage4, srcImage5, element);
//Imgcodecs.imwrite("E:/picpool/bankcard/enresults.jpg", srcImage4);
//确定每张答题卡的ROI区域
Mat imag_ch1 = srcImage4.submat(new Rect(50, 900, 2380, 2558));
//识别所有轮廓
Vector<MatOfPoint> chapter1 = new Vector<>();
Imgproc.findContours(imag_ch1, chapter1, new Mat(), 2, 3);
Mat result = new Mat(imag_ch1.size(), CV_8U, new Scalar(255));
Imgproc.drawContours(result, chapter1, -1, new Scalar(0), 2);
Imgcodecs.imwrite("D://opencv//result.jpg", result);
//new一个 矩形集合 用来装 轮廓
List<answercard.RectComp> RectCompList = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < chapter1.size(); i++) {
Rect rm = Imgproc.boundingRect(chapter1.get(i));
answercard.RectComp ti = new answercard.RectComp(rm);
//把轮廓宽度区间在 50 - 80 范围内的轮廓装进矩形集合
if (ti.rm.width > 50 && ti.rm.width < 100) {
RectCompList.add(ti);
}
}
//new一个 map 用来存储答题卡上填的答案 (A\B\C\D)
TreeMap<Integer, String> listenAnswer = new TreeMap<>();
//按 X轴 对listenAnswer进行排序
RectCompList.sort((o1, o2) -> {
if (o1.rm.x > o2.rm.x) {
return 1;
}
if (o1.rm.x == o2.rm.x) {
return 0;
}
if (o1.rm.x < o2.rm.x) {
return -1;
}
return -1;
});
/*
如果精度高，可以通过像素计算
for (RectComp rc : RectCompList) {
int x = RectCompList.get(t).getRm().x - 16;
int y = RectCompList.get(t).getRm().y - 94;
//计算x轴上的分割 如果超过5题，那么还会有一个大分割
int xSplit = x/85 /5;
//因为第一题 x=21 计算机中题目从0开始算，现实是从1开始 所以+1
int xTitleNum = x/85 + 1;
//由于精度问题 x轴会慢慢递减 递减到上一个答案去 如果不跨过两个答案以上，都没问题 如果答题卡x轴40题左右 会出问题
if(x%85>20){
System.out.println("x轴递减程度" + x%85);
xTitleNum++;
}
xTitleNum = xTitleNum - xSplit;
System.out.println(xTitleNum);
}
*/
//根据 Y轴 确定被选择答案 (A\B\C\D)
for (answercard.RectComp rc : RectCompList) {
for (int h = 0; h < 5; h++) {
if ((RectUtil.rectContainRect(new Rect(0, 100 + 500 * h, 2380, 100), rc.rm, 30))) {
int x=0;
for (int j = 0; j < 20; j++) {
if ((RectUtil.rectContainPoint(new Rect(x, 100 + 500 * h, 100, 100), new Point(rc.rm.x+rc.rm.width/2,rc.rm.y+rc.rm.height/2))))
{
listenAnswer.put(h*20+j+1,"C");
break;
}
x += 100;
if ((j + 1) % 4 == 0)
x += 100;
}
} else if ((RectUtil.rectContainRect(new Rect(0, 200 + 500 * h, 2380, 100), rc.rm, 30))) {
int x=0;
for (int j = 0; j < 20; j++) {
if ((RectUtil.rectContainPoint(new Rect(x, 200 + 500 * h, 100, 100), new Point(rc.rm.x+rc.rm.width/2,rc.rm.y+rc.rm.height/2))))
{
listenAnswer.put(h*20+j+1,"C");
break;
}
x += 100;
if ((j + 1) % 4 == 0)
x += 100;
}
} else if ((RectUtil.rectContainRect(new Rect(0, 300 + 500 * h, 2380, 100), rc.rm, 30))) {
int x=0;
for (int j = 0; j < 20; j++) {
if ((RectUtil.rectContainPoint(new Rect(x, 300 + 500 * h, 100, 100), new Point(rc.rm.x+rc.rm.width/2,rc.rm.y+rc.rm.height/2))))
{
listenAnswer.put(h*20+j+1,"C");
break;
}
x += 100;
if ((j + 1) % 4 == 0)
x += 100;
}
} else if ((RectUtil.rectContainRect(new Rect(0, 400 + 500 * h, 2380, 100), rc.rm, 30))) {
int x=0;
for (int j = 0; j < 20; j++) {
if ((RectUtil.rectContainPoint(new Rect(x,400 + 500 * h, 100, 100), new Point(rc.rm.x+rc.rm.width/2,rc.rm.y+rc.rm.height/2))))
{
listenAnswer.put(h*20+j+1,"C");
break;
}
x += 100;
if ((j + 1) % 4 == 0)
x += 100;
}
}
}
}
Iterator iter = listenAnswer.entrySet().iterator();
while (iter.hasNext()) {
Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry) iter.next();
Object key = entry.getKey();
Object val = entry.getValue();
System.out.println("第" + key + "题,分数:" + val);
}
}
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