用intent进行包内的IPC跨进程通信 by 高焕堂

最新推荐文章于 2022-04-07 12:56:38 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-04-07 12:56:38 发布

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在Android里，一个Package可以含有多个Activity，这些Activity可以在同一个进程(Process)里执行；也可以在不同的进程里执行。基于linux的安全限制，以及进程的基本特性(例如，不同进程的地址空间是独立的)，Activity-a与Activity-b在同一个进程里执行时，两者沟通方便也快速。但是，当Activity-a与Activity-b分别在不同的进程里执行时，两者沟通就属于IPC跨进程沟通了，不如前者方便，也慢些。例如：

# package xom.misoo.pkzz;   
# import android.app.Activity;   
# import android.content.Intent;   
# import android.os.Bundle;   
# import android.view.View;   
# import android.view.View.OnClickListener;   
# import android.widget.Button;   
# import android.widget.LinearLayout;   
#   
# public class ac01 extends Activity implements OnClickListener {   
#     private Button btn, btn4;   
#     public static ac01 appRef = null;   
#     private String feedback_data;   
#            
#     @Override  
#     public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {   
#         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);   
#         appRef = this;   
#         setContentView(R.layout.main);   
#         this.show_layout_01();   
#         }   
#     @Override  
#     public void onResume(){   
#         super.onResume();   
#         setTitle(feedback_data);   
#     }   
#     void show_layout_01(){   
#         LinearLayout layout = new LinearLayout(this);   
#         layout.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL);   
#     
#         btn = new Button(this);   
#         btn.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.water);   
#         btn.setText("Edit");   
#         btn.setOnClickListener(this);   
#         LinearLayout.LayoutParams param = new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(150, 40);   
#         param.topMargin = 5;   
#         layout.addView(btn, param);   
#                  
#         btn4 = new Button(this);   
#         btn4.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.face);   
#         btn4.setText("Exit");   
#         btn4.setOnClickListener(this);   
#         layout.addView(btn4, param);   
#         setContentView(layout);    
#     }   
#     public void setData(String x){   
#         feedback_data = x;   
#     }   
#     public void onClick(View v){   
#           if (v == btn){   
#                 Intent intent = new Intent(this, Activity_1.class);   
#                 this.startActivity(intent);   
#             }   
#           if(v.equals(btn4))   
#                this.finish();   
#      }   
# }       
#   
#   
#   
# package xom.misoo.pkzz;   
# import android.app.Activity;   
# import android.os.Bundle;   
# import android.view.View;   
# import android.view.View.OnClickListener;   
# import android.widget.Button;   
# import android.widget.LinearLayout;   
#   
# public class Activity_1 extends Activity implements OnClickListener {   
#     private Button btn;   
#     @Override  
#     public void onCreate(Bundle icicle) {   
#         super.onCreate(icicle);   
#         LinearLayout layout = new LinearLayout(this);   
#         layout.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL);   
#     
#         btn = new Button(this);   
#         btn.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.music);   
#         btn.setText("Edit");   
#         btn.setOnClickListener(this);   
#         LinearLayout.LayoutParams param = new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(150, 40);   
#         param.topMargin = 5;   
#         layout.addView(btn, param);   
#         setContentView(layout);   
#         ac01.appRef.setData("feedback from Activity_1.");   
#     }   
#     public void onClick(View arg0) {   
#         finish();   
#     }   
# }

其中的指令：ac01.appRef.setData("feedback from Activity_1.");只有ac01与Activity_1两者都在同一个地址空间(即进程)才会有效。如果将AndroidManifest.xml里的<Activity>叙述修改为：

<activity android:name=".Activity_1" android:process=":remote">
         <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
                 <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>

其令Activity_1在独立的进行里执行，则上述指令：ac01.appRef.setData("feedback fromActivity_1."); 就不对了。
那么，这种跨进程的情形下，该如何沟通呢？

 使用SharedPreference

可以使用：
import android.content.SharedPreferences.Editor;

于是，可在Activity_1里撰写指令如下：

# public class Activity_1 extends Activity implements OnClickListener {   
#     private Button btn;   
#     @Override  
#     public void onCreate(Bundle icicle) {   
#         super.onCreate(icicle);   
#         …………………(省略)   
#         Editor passwdfile = getSharedPreferences("ITEM", 0).edit();    
#         passwdfile.putString("ITEM","feedback from Activity_1.");    
#         passwdfile.commit();   
#     }   
#     …………………(省略)   
# }

并且，在ac01里撰写指令如下：

# public class ac01 extends Activity implements OnClickListener {   
#    ………………………   
# @Override  
#     public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {   
#         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);   
#          ………………………   
#         }   
#     @Override  
#     public void onResume(){   
#         super.onResume();   
#            SharedPreferences passwdfile = getSharedPreferences(    
#                       "ITEM", 0);    
#            String im = passwdfile.getString("ITEM", null);    
#             setTitle(im);   
#         }   
#     …………………………   
# }      
这样就能Activity_1就能将数据传递给ac01了。  
上述的ac01类别还可写为：

# public class ac01 extends Activity implements OnClickListener {   
#      ……………………   
#     @Override  
#     public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {   
#         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);   
#          ……………………   
#         }   
#       ………………………   
#      @Override  
#      protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data)   
#         {   
#          SharedPreferences passwdfile = getSharedPreferences(    
#                  "ITEM", 0);    
#          String im = passwdfile.getString("ITEM", null);    
#          setTitle(im);   
#         }   
#   
#     public void onClick(View v){   
#              ……………………   
#                Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_EDIT, null);   
#                 this.startActivityForResult(intent, 0);   
#              ……………………   
#             }   
#         }

这两写法一样都能让Activity_1传回数据。

 使用Intent对象

虽然透过Intent并非最快速，但却是最有弹性的。无论是同一进程或是跨进程的沟通都可以使用它。例如：

# package com.misoo.pkzz;   
# import android.app.Activity;   
# import android.content.Intent;   
# import android.content.SharedPreferences;   
# import android.os.Bundle;   
# import android.view.View;   
# import android.view.View.OnClickListener;   
# import android.widget.Button;   
# import android.widget.LinearLayout;   
#   
# public class ac01 extends Activity implements OnClickListener {   
#     private Button btn, btn2, btn4;   
#     public static ac01 appRef = null;   
#     private final static String KKK = "AnyKey";    
#        
#     @Override  
#     public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {   
#         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);   
#         appRef = this;   
#         setContentView(R.layout.main);   
#         this.show_layout_01();   
#         }   
#     void show_layout_01(){   
#         LinearLayout layout = new LinearLayout(this);   
#         layout.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL);   
#     
#         btn = new Button(this);   
#         btn.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.water);   
#         btn.setText("Edit");   
#         btn.setOnClickListener(this);   
#         LinearLayout.LayoutParams param = new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(150, 40);   
#         param.topMargin = 5;   
#         layout.addView(btn, param);   
#            
#         btn2 = new Button(this);   
#         btn2.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.x_blue);   
#         btn2.setText("shared data");   
#         btn2.setOnClickListener(this);   
#         layout.addView(btn2, param);   
#            
#         btn4 = new Button(this);   
#         btn4.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.face);   
#         btn4.setText("Exit");   
#         btn4.setOnClickListener(this);   
#         layout.addView(btn4, param);   
#         setContentView(layout);    
#     }   
#      @Override  
#      protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data)   
#         {   
#          SharedPreferences passwdfile = getSharedPreferences(    
#                  "ITEM", 0);    
#          String im = passwdfile.getString("ITEM", null);    
#          setTitle(im);   
#         }   
#   
#     public void onClick(View v){   
#           if (v == btn){   
#                 Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, null);   
#                 intent.putExtra(com.misoo.pkzz.ac01.KKK, "Ax004::Intent Extra Msg.");   
#                 this.startActivityForResult(intent, 0);   
#             }   
#           if(v.equals(btn2)){   
#               SharedPreferences passwdfile = getSharedPreferences(    
#                         "ITEM", 0);    
#               String im = passwdfile.getString("ITEM", null);    
#               setTitle(im);   
#           }   
#           if(v.equals(btn4))   
#                this.finish();   
#      }   
# }       
#   
#   
#   
# package com.misoo.pkzz;   
# import android.app.Activity;   
# import android.content.SharedPreferences.Editor;   
# import android.os.Bundle;   
# import android.view.View;   
# import android.view.View.OnClickListener;   
# import android.widget.Button;   
# import android.widget.LinearLayout;   
#   
# public class Activity_1 extends Activity implements OnClickListener {   
#     private Button btn;   
#     @Override  
#     public void onCreate(Bundle icicle) {   
#         super.onCreate(icicle);   
#         LinearLayout layout = new LinearLayout(this);   
#         layout.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL);   
#     
#         btn = new Button(this);   
#         btn.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.x_yellow);   
#         btn.setText("Edit");   
#         btn.setOnClickListener(this);   
#         LinearLayout.LayoutParams param = new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(150, 40);   
#         param.topMargin = 5;   
#         layout.addView(btn, param);   
#         setContentView(layout);   
#         //-----------------------------------   
#         String ss = this.getIntent().getStringExtra("AnyKey");   
#         //-----------------------------------   
#         Editor passwdfile = getSharedPreferences("ITEM", 0).edit();    
#         passwdfile.putString("ITEM",ss);    
#         passwdfile.commit();   
#        
#     }   
#   
#     public void onClick(View arg0) {   
#         finish();   
#     }   
# }   
#   
#   
#   
# <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>   
# <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
#       package="com.misoo.pkzz"  
#       android:versionCode="1"  
#       android:versionName="1.0.0">   
#     <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">   
#         <activity android:name=".ac01"  
#                   android:label="@string/app_name">   
#             <intent-filter>   
#                 <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />   
#                 <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />   
#             </intent-filter>   
#         </activity>   
#         <activity android:name=".Activity_1" android:process=":remote">   
#          <intent-filter>   
#                 <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />   
#                  <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />   
#             </intent-filter>   
#         </activity>   
#     </application>   
# </manifest>

这ac01透过Intent传递数据给Activity_1，而Activity_1则将之存入SharePreferences里，再回传给ac01类别。

摘录结语

上述谈到的情境是：
 其ac01与Activity_1属于同一个Package。
 其ac01与Activity_1 在同一个进程里执行，或者，各再独立的进程里执行。

然而，如果ac01与Activity_1分别属于不同的Package时，又如何呢？此时，就不能藉由SharePreferences来传递数据了，因为SharePreferences是属于某Package内的。至于IPC的详细沟通法，由另外的文章说明之