Square 为广大开发者奉献了OkHttp,Retrofit1.x,Retrofit2.x,运用比较广泛,这三个工具有很多相似之处,初学者可能会有一些使用迷惑。这里来总结一下它们的一些基本使用和一些细微差别。
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/**************
Retrofit 基本使用方法
Retrofit 到底是返回什么? void, Observable, Call?
*************/
/********************************************Retrofit****************************************************************/
/*** 同步调用的方式 ****/
interface
GitHubService {
@GET
(
"/repos/{owner}/{repo}/contributors"
)
List<Contributor> repoContributors(
@Path
(
"owner"
) String owner,
@Path
(
"repo"
) String repo);
}
List<Contributor> contributors =
gitHubService.repoContributors(
"square"
,
"retrofit"
);
/***** 异步调用的方式 仅限于 Retrofit 1.x !!!!!!! *****/
interface
GitHubService {
@GET
(
"/repos/{owner}/{repo}/contributors"
)
void
repoContributors(
@Path
(
"owner"
) String owner,
@Path
(
"repo"
) String repo,
Callback<List<Contributor>> cb);
// 异步调用添加 CallBack
}
service.repoContributors(
"square"
,
"retrofit"
,
new
Callback<List<Contributor>>() {
@Override
void
success(List<Contributor> contributors, Response response) {
// ...
}
@Override
void
failure(RetrofitError error) {
// ...
}
});
/**** Rxjava 方式 ****/
interface
GitHubService {
@GET
(
"/repos/{owner}/{repo}/contributors"
)
Observable<List<Contributor>> repoContributors(
@Path
(
"owner"
) String owner,
@Path
(
"repo"
) String repo);
}
// 调用
gitHubService.repoContributors(
"square"
,
"retrofit"
)
.subscribe(
new
Action1<List<Contributor>>() {
@Override
public
void
call(List<Contributor> contributors) {
// ...
}
});
/*******************************注意以下三个Callback的不同***************************************/
// Retrofit Callback Version 1.9
public
interface
Callback<T> {
/** Successful HTTP response. */
void
success(T t, Response response);
/**
* Unsuccessful HTTP response due to network failure, non-2XX status code, or unexpected
* exception.
*/
void
failure(RetrofitError error);
}
// Retrofit Callback Version 2.0 !!!!!!!!!
public
interface
Callback<T> {
/** Successful HTTP response. */
void
onResponse(Response<T> response, Retrofit retrofit);
/** Invoked when a network or unexpected exception occurred during the HTTP request. */
void
onFailure(Throwable t);
}
// OkHttp
public
interface
Callback {
void
onFailure(Request request, IOException e);
void
onResponse(Response response)
throws
IOException;
// 注意参数不同
}
/*********************************回顾一下Okhttp的调用方式********************************************/
//1. 创建
OkHttpClient : OkHttpClient client =
new
OkHttpClient();
//2. 创建
Request : Request request =
new
Request.Builder()
.url(
"https://api.github.com/repos/square/okhttp/issues"
)
.header(
"User-Agent"
,
"OkHttp Headers.java"
)
.addHeader(
"Accept"
,
"application/json; q=0.5"
)
.addHeader(
"Accept"
,
"application/vnd.github.v3+json"
)
.build();
//3. 使用 client 执行请求(两种方式):
//第一种,同步执行
Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
// 第二种,异步执行方式
client.newCall(request).enqueue(
new
Callback() {
@Override
public
void
onFailure(Request request, Throwable throwable) {
// 复写该方法
}
@Override
public
void
onResponse(Response response)
throws
IOException {
// 复写该方法
}
}
/***********************************Retrofit 1.0 不能获得 Header 或者整个 Body*****************************************/
/**********2.x 引入 Call , 每个Call只能调用一次,可以使用Clone方法来生成一次调用多次,使用Call既可以同步也可以异步*********/
interface
GitHubService {
@GET
(
"/repos/{owner}/{repo}/contributors"
)
Call<List<Contributor>> repoContributors(
@Path
(
"owner"
) String owner,
@Path
(
"repo"
) String repo);
}
Call<List<Contributor>> call =
gitHubService.repoContributors(
"square"
,
"retrofit"
);
response = call.execute();
/*************** 同步的方式调用,注意这里返回了 Response 后面会提到 ********************/
// This will throw IllegalStateException: 每个Call只能执行一次
response = call.execute();
Call<List<Contributor>> call2 = call.clone();
// 调用Clone之后又可以执行
// This will not throw:
response = call2.execute();
/************************ 异步的方式调用 *********************************/
Call<List<Contributor>> call =
gitHubService.repoContributors(
"square"
,
"retrofit"
);
call.enqueue(
new
Callback<List<Contributor>>() {
@Override
void
onResponse(
/* ... */
) {
// ...
}
@Override
void
onFailure(Throwable t) {
// ...
}
});
/****************************引入 Response,获取返回的RawData,包括:response code, response message, headers**********************************/
class
Response<T> {
int
code();
String message();
Headers headers();
boolean
isSuccess();
T body();
ResponseBody errorBody();
com.squareup.okhttp.Response raw();
}
interface
GitHubService {
@GET
(
"/repos/{owner}/{repo}/contributors"
)
Call<List<Contributor>> repoContributors(
@Path
(
"owner"
) String owner,
@Path
(
"repo"
) String repo);
}
Call<List<Contributor>> call =
gitHubService.repoContributors(
"square"
,
"retrofit"
);
Response<List<Contributor>> response = call.execute();
/*********************************** Dynamic URL *****************************************/
interface
GitHubService {
@GET
(
"/repos/{owner}/{repo}/contributors"
)
Call<List<Contributor>> repoContributors(
@Path
(
"owner"
) String owner,
@Path
(
"repo"
) String repo);
@GET
Call<List<Contributor>> repoContributorsPaginate(
@Url
String url);
// 直接填入 URL 而不是在GET中替换字段的方式
}
/*************************************根据返回值实现重载*****************************************************/
interface
SomeService {
@GET
(
"/some/proto/endpoint"
)
Call<SomeProtoResponse> someProtoEndpoint();
// SomeProtoResponse
@GET
(
"/some/json/endpoint"
)
Call<SomeJsonResponse> someJsonEndpoint();
// SomeJsonResponse
}
interface
GitHubService {
@GET
(
"/repos/{owner}/{repo}/contributors"
)
Call<List<Contributor>> repoContributors(..);
@GET
(
"/repos/{owner}/{repo}/contributors"
)
Observable<List<Contributor>> repoContributors2(..);
@GET
(
"/repos/{owner}/{repo}/contributors"
)
Future<List<Contributor>> repoContributors3(..);
// 可以返回 Future
}
/******************************************Retrofit 1.x Interceptor,添加头部信息的时候经常用到Interceptor*************************************************************/
RestAdapter.Builder builder =
new
RestAdapter.Builder().setRequestInterceptor(
new
RequestInterceptor() {
@Override
public
void
intercept(RequestFacade request) {
request.addHeader(
"Accept"
,
"application/json;versions=1"
);
}
});
/******************************************Retrofit 2.x Interceptor**************************************************/
OkHttpClient client =
new
OkHttpClient();
client.interceptors().add(
new
Interceptor() {
@Override
public
Response intercept(Chain chain)
throws
IOException {
Request original = chain.request();
Request request = original.newBuilder()
.header(
"Accept"
,
"application/json"
)
.header(
"Authorization"
,
"auth-token"
)
.method(original.method(), original.body())
.build();
Response response = chain.proceed(request);
return
response;
}
}
Retrofit retrofit = Retrofit.Builder()
.baseUrl(
"https://your.api.url/v2/"
)
.client(client).build();
/***************************************异步实例*********************************************/
public
interface
APIService {
@GET
(
"/users/{user}/repos"
)
Call<List<Repo>> listRepos(
@Path
(
"user"
) String user);
@GET
(
"/users/{user}/repos"
)
Call<String> listReposStr(
@Path
(
"user"
) String user);
//错误,不能这样使用异步
// @GET("/users/{user}/repos")
// void listRepos(@Path("user") String user, Callback<List<Repo>> callback);
}
private
void
prepareServiceAPI() {
//For logging
HttpLoggingInterceptor logging =
new
HttpLoggingInterceptor();
logging.setLevel(HttpLoggingInterceptor.Level.BODY);
OkHttpClient client =
new
OkHttpClient();
client.interceptors().add(
new
MyInterceptor());
client.interceptors().add(logging);
// setUp Retrofit
Retrofit retrofit =
new
Retrofit.Builder()
.baseUrl(
"https://api.github.com"
)
//.addConverterFactory(new ToStringConverterFactory())
.addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
.client(client)
.build();
service = retrofit.create(APIService.
class
);
}
// 异步调用
public
void
execute() {
Call<List<Repo>> call = service.listRepos(
"pasha656"
);
call.enqueue(
new
Callback<List<Repo>>() {
@Override
public
void
onResponse(Response<List<Repo>> response, Retrofit retrofit) {
if
(response.isSuccess()) {
if
(!response.body().isEmpty()) {
StringBuilder sb =
new
StringBuilder();
for
(Repo r : response.body()) {
sb.append(r.getId()).append(
" "
).append(r.getName()).append(
" \n"
);
}
activity.setText(sb.toString());
}
}
else
{
APIError error = ErrorUtils.parseError(response, retrofit);
Log.d(
"Pasha"
,
"No succsess message "
+error.getMessage());
}
if
(response.errorBody() !=
null
) {
try
{
Log.d(
"Pasha"
,
"Error "
+response.errorBody().string());
}
catch
(IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
@Override
public
void
onFailure(Throwable t) {
Log.d(
"Pasha"
,
"onFailure "
+t.getMessage());
}
});
}
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