一 简介
定义于头文件<utility>
template <class T1, class T2>
struct pair;
二 pair构造函数
// 大致3类
pair( const T1& x, const T2& y );
template< class U1, class U2 >
pair( U1&& x, U2&& y );
template< class... Args1, class... Args2 >
pair( std::piecewise_construct_t,
std::tuple<Args1...> first_args,
std::tuple<Args2...> second_args );
特别是第3个, 建立一个pair,以tuple first_args和second_args的元素为初值。下面例子重点说明第3个构造函数。
class A {
public:
A(std::tuple<int, float>) {
std::cout << "A(std::tuple<int, float>)" << std::endl;
}
template <typename... Args>
A(Args... args) {
std::cout << "A(Args... args)" << std::endl;
}
};
std::tuple<int, float> t(1, 2.2);
std::pair<int, A> p1(10, t);
std::pair<int, A> p2(std::piecewise_construct, std::make_tuple(100), t);
若A增加一个构造函数
class A {
public:
A(std::tuple<int, float>) {
std::cout << "A(std::tuple<int, float>)" << std::endl;
}
template <typename... Args>
A(Args... args) {
std::cout << "A(Args... args)" << std::endl;
}
// 新增
A(int, float) { std::cout << "A(int, float)" << std::endl; }
};
原因在于:std::piecewise_construct的存在,p2的第二个元素是以tuple t 的元素(int和float)而不是tuple整体来进行构造的。
三 C++11中的扩展
1. 取元素值
std::pair<int, int> p;
p.first;
p.second;
// C++11
std::get<0>(p);
std::get<1>(p);
2. 赋值运算符和移动赋值运算符,且允许隐式类型转换
3. swap函数
4. std::tuple_size<std::pair> 获得pair的大小(类模板特化)
5. std::tuple_element<std::pair> 获得pair中元素的类型(类模板特化)
std::pair<int, double> p1;
std::cout << "p1.first : " << p1.first << " p1.second : " << p1.second << std::endl;
std::cout << "std::get<0>(p1) : " << std::get<0>(p1) << " std::get<1>(p1) : " <<
std::get<1>(p1) << std::endl;
std::pair<int, const char*> p2(1, "hi");
std::pair<int, std::string> p3(2, "hell0");
std::pair<int, std::string> p4(3, "hey");
std::cout << "p3.first : " << p3.first << " p3.second : " << p3.second << std::endl;
p3 = p2;
std::cout << "p3.first : " << p3.first << " p3.second : " << p3.second << std::endl;
p3.swap(p4);
std::cout << "p3.first : " << p3.first << " p3.second : " << p3.second << std::endl;
std::pair<int, std::string> p5(std::piecewise_construct,
std::make_tuple(1),
std::forward_as_tuple(10, 'a'));
std::cout << "p5.first : " << p5.first << " p5.second : " << p5.second << std::endl;
std::cout << "p5 size : " << std::tuple_size<decltype(p5)>::value << std::endl;
std::tuple_element<0, decltype(p5)>::type; // int
四 参考