目录
使用 public static String toJSONString(Object object)把自定义对象变成JSON对象
响应和请求都是普通字符串 和 请求时普通字符串,响应是json字符串
在web层中,可以创建一个Result类,用来封装发给前端的数据
java中使用JSON对象
在pom.xml中导入依赖
<dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> <version>1.2.47</version> </dependency>
json对象
{key:value,key:value...}//key必须是字符串类型
使用 public static String toJSONString(Object object)把自定义对象变成JSON对象
测试
public class User { private String username; private String password; public User() { } public User(String username, String password) { this.username = username; this.password = password; } public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } }
public class JsonTest { //将一个对象转换成json对象 @Test public void test() { //创建一个User对象 User user = new User(); //赋值 user.setUsername("hhh"); user.setPassword("123"); String jsonString = JSON.toJSONString(user); System.out.println("json=" + jsonString); //json={"password":"123","username":"hhh"} } //单列集合转换成json对象 @Test public void test1() { //创建集合 List<User> list = new ArrayList<>(); Collections.addAll(list, new User("hhh", "123"), new User("aaa", "345")); String jsonString = JSON.toJSONString(list); System.out.println("json=" + jsonString); /* json=[ {"password":"123","username":"hhh"}, {"password":"345","username":"aaa"} ] */ } //双列集合转换成json对象 @Test public void test2() { //创建集合 Map<String,Object>map=new HashMap<>(); map.put("hhh1","aaa"); map.put("hhh2",new User("bbb","1")); List<User> list = new ArrayList<>(); Collections.addAll(list, new User("hhh", "123"), new User("aaa", "345")); map.put("hhh3",list); String jsonString = JSON.toJSONString(map); System.out.println("json="+jsonString); /* json={ "hhh1":"aaa", "hhh2":{"password":"1","username":"bbb"}, "hhh3":[{"password":"123","username":"hhh"},{"password":"345","username":"aaa"}] } */ } }
json和axios综合案例
使用的过滤器
@WebFilter("/*") public class EncodeFilter implements Filter { @Override public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { } @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException { HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest; HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) servletResponse; //your code.. //解决请求乱码 request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); //解决响应乱码 response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8"); response.addHeader( "Access-Control-Allow-Origin","*");//允许所有来源访同 response.addHeader( "Access-Control-Allow-Method","POST,GET");//允许访问的方式 //放行 filterChain.doFilter(request,response); } @Override public void destroy() { } }
前端代码
<template> <div id="app"> <h1>axois和json综合</h1> <!-- 点击此按钮就会执行method1()函数 --> <input type="button" value="请求和响应都是普通字符串" @click="method1()"> <br> <input type="button" value="响应数据是json字符串" @click="method2()"> <br> <input type="button" value="请求数据是json字符串" @click="method3()"> <br> <hr> <h3>好友列表</h3> <table width="500px" cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="5px" border="1px" id="myTable"> <tr> <th>id</th> <th>name</th> <th>age</th> </tr> </table> </div> </template> <script> import axios from 'axios'; export default { name: 'App', methods:{ //1.响应和请求都是普通字符串 method1(){ //定义变量保存后端地址 let url="http://localhost:8080/ajaxJsonDemo1Servlet"; //定义参数 let params="username=何以以&password=123"; //发送请求 axios.post(url,params) .then(res=>{ console.log(res.data); }) }, //请求时普通字符串,响应改成json字符串 method2(){ //定义变量保存后端地址 let url="http://localhost:8080/ajaxJsonDemo2Servlet"; //定义参数 let params="username=何以以&password=123"; //发送请求 axios.post(url,params) .then(res=>{ console.log(res.data); }) }, method3(){ //定义变量保存后端地址 let url="http://localhost:8080/ajaxJsonDemo3Servlet"; //json对象的 " " 每个引号之前都要加 \ 转义字符 let params="{\"username\":\"何以以\",\"password\":\"145\"}"; //发送请求 axios.post(url,params) .then(res=>{ console.log(res.data); } ) } } } </script> <style> /* #app { font-family: 'Avenir', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; text-align: center; color: #2c3e50; margin-top: 60px; } */ </style>
响应和请求都是普通字符串 和 请求时普通字符串,响应是json字符串
@WebServlet("/ajaxJsonDemo1Servlet") public class ajaxJsonDemo1Servlet extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { //获取请求参数 String username = request.getParameter("username"); String password = request.getParameter("password"); //打印输出 System.out.println(username+"---"+password); //响应数据给前端 response.addHeader( "Access-Control-Allow-Origin","*");//允许所有来源访同 response.addHeader( "Access-Control-Allow-Method","POST,GET");//允许访问的方式 response.getWriter().print("后端已经成功接收到数据"); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(request, response); } }
//请求时普通字符串,响应是json字符串 @WebServlet("/ajaxJsonDemo2Servlet") public class ajaxJsonDemo2Servlet extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { //请求时普通字符串,响应数据是json对象 //接收请求参数 String username = request.getParameter("username"); String password = request.getParameter("password"); //创建User对象 User user = new User(); //将数据封装到User对象中 user.setUsername(username); user.setPassword(password); //将对象变成json对象 String jsonString = JSON.toJSONString(user); //响应数据给前端 response.addHeader( "Access-Control-Allow-Origin","*");//允许所有来源访同 response.addHeader( "Access-Control-Allow-Method","POST,GET");//允许访问的方式 response.getWriter().print(jsonString); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(request, response); } }
响应的数据是json数据
request.getParameter("标识符");只能获取请求参数是普通字符串
如果是json字符使用:
1)使用request.getInputStream();//读取关联浏览器的字节输入流
2)使用request.getReader();//读取关联浏览器的字符输入流
所以我们可以使用获取流的方法结合JSON的方法一起解析前端提交的json数据
public static final<T> T pasreObject(InputStream is,Class<T>clazz);
参数:
is:关联的浏览器字节输入流
clazz:封装json请求参数的字节码对象
注意:要求实体类的属性名必须与json的key一致
let params="{\"username\":\"何以以\",\"password\":\"145\"}";
User实体类的属性名必须是username和password
@WebServlet("/ajaxJsonDemo3Servlet") public class ajaxJsonDemo3Servlet extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { //获取请求参数 //String username = request.getParameter("username");//获取不了,此方法只能获取普通参数的请求 /* request.getParameter("标识符");只能获取请求参数是普通字符串 如果是json字符使用: 1)使用request.getInputStream();//读取关联浏览器的字节输入流 2)使用request.getReader();//读取关联浏览器的字符输入流 所以我们可以使用获取流的方法结合JSON的方法一起解析前端提交的json数据 public static final<T> T pasreObject(InputStream is,Class<T>clazz); 参数: is:关联的浏览器字节输入流 clazz:封装json请求参数的字节码对象 注意:要求实体类的属性名必须与json的key一致 let params="{\"username\":\"何以以\",\"password\":\"145\"}"; User实体类的属性名必须是username和password */ User user = JSON.parseObject(request.getInputStream(), User.class); System.out.println("user="+user);//user=User{username='何以以', password='145'} /* response.addHeader( "Access-Control-Allow-Origin","*");//允许所有来源访同 response.addHeader( "Access-Control-Allow-Method","POST,GET");//允许访问的方式*/ String jsonString = JSON.toJSONString(user); response.getWriter().print(jsonString); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(request, response); } }
结果
第二个的结果:
第三个的结果
json和axios综合案例进阶
在web层中,可以创建一个Result类,用来封装发给前端的数据
public class Result { private boolean flag;//执行结果,true为执行成功,false为执行失败 private String message;//返回结果信息 private Object valueDate;//返回数据(如果是查询操作就设置,增删不用设置) public Result(){} public Result(boolean flag, String message) {//失败,或者增删改 this.flag = flag; this.message = message; } //成功的查询 public Result(boolean flag, String message, Object valueDate) { this.flag = flag; this.message = message; this.valueDate = valueDate; } public boolean isFlag() { return flag; } public void setFlag(boolean flag) { this.flag = flag; } public String getMessage() { return message; } public void setMessage(String message) { this.message = message; } public Object getValueDate() { return valueDate; } public void setValueDate(Object valueDate) { this.valueDate = valueDate; } }
Servlet类
@WebServlet("/ajaxJsonDemo3Servlet") public class ajaxJsonDemo3Servlet extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { //获取请求参数 //String username = request.getParameter("username");//获取不了,此方法只能获取普通参数的请求 /* request.getParameter("标识符");只能获取请求参数是普通字符串 如果是json字符使用: 1)使用request.getInputStream();//读取关联浏览器的字节输入流 2)使用request.getReader();//读取关联浏览器的字符输入流 所以我们可以使用获取流的方法结合JSON的方法一起解析前端提交的json数据 public static final<T> T pasreObject(InputStream is,Class<T>clazz); 参数: is:关联的浏览器字节输入流 clazz:封装json请求参数的字节码对象 注意:要求实体类的属性名必须与json的key一致 let params="{\"username\":\"何以以\",\"password\":\"145\"}"; User实体类的属性名必须是username和password */ User user = JSON.parseObject(request.getInputStream(), User.class); System.out.println("user="+user); /* response.addHeader( "Access-Control-Allow-Origin","*");//允许所有来源访同 response.addHeader( "Access-Control-Allow-Method","POST,GET");//允许访问的方式*/ //模拟从数据库查出user信息的好友列表 List<User> list=new ArrayList<>(); Collections.addAll(list,new User("蚂蚁","123"),new User("遗迹","125")); //创建一个Result类对象 Result result = new Result(true, "查询用户成功", list); //变成json对象 String jsonString = JSON.toJSONString(result); //响应数据给前端 response.getWriter().print(jsonString); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(request, response); }
发给前端的数据
前端代码的书写
<template> <div id="app"> <h1>axois和json综合</h1> <!-- 点击此按钮就会执行method1()函数 --> <input type="button" value="请求和响应都是普通字符串" @click="method1()"> <br> <input type="button" value="响应数据是json字符串" @click="method2()"> <br> <input type="button" value="请求数据是json字符串" @click="method3()"> <br> <hr> <div id="messID"></div> <br> <h3>好友列表</h3> <table width="500px" cellspacing="0px" cellpadding="5px" border="1px" id="myTable"> <tr> <th>名字</th> <th>密码</th> </tr> </table> </div> </template> <script> import axios from 'axios'; export default { name: 'App', methods:{ //1.响应和请求都是普通字符串 method1(){ //定义变量保存后端地址 let url="http://localhost:8080/ajaxJsonDemo1Servlet"; //定义参数 let params="username=何以以&password=123"; //发送请求 axios.post(url,params) .then(res=>{ console.log(res.data); }) }, //请求时普通字符串,响应改成json字符串 method2(){ //定义变量保存后端地址 let url="http://localhost:8080/ajaxJsonDemo2Servlet"; //定义参数 let params="username=何以以&password=123"; //发送请求 axios.post(url,params) .then(res=>{ console.log(res.data); //从后端查到的数据{flag: true, mmessage: '查询用户成功', valueDate: Array(2)} }) }, method3(){ //定义变量保存后端地址 let url="http://localhost:8080/ajaxJsonDemo3Servlet"; //json对象的 " " 每个引号之前都要加 \ 转义字符 let params="{\"username\":\"何以以\",\"password\":\"145\"}"; //发送请求 axios.post(url,params) .then(res=>{ console.log(res.data); //从后端查到的数据{flag: true, message: '查询用户成功', valueDate: Array(2)} /* valueDate{password: '123', username: '蚂蚁'},{password: '125', username: '遗迹'} */ let obj=res.data; if(obj.flag){ //查询成功 document.getElementById("messID").innerHTML=obj.message; //设置空字符串 let content=""; let arr=obj.valueDate; for(let a of arr){//a是数组中的每个json对象 content+=`<tr> <td>${a.username}</td> <td>${a.password}</td> </tr>` } document.getElementById("myTable").innerHTML+=content; } } ) } } } </script> <style> /* #app { font-family: 'Avenir', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; text-align: center; color: #2c3e50; margin-top: 60px; } */ </style>
结果
点击第三个按钮
由于我们会重复的从前端解析json,和发送json给前端,我们可以把那几个方法封装从工具类
public class BaseController { //静态方法解析前端提交的json数据 Class clazz=User.class //<T>定义泛型 //T parseToObject,Class<T> clazz都是使用泛型 public static <T> T parseToObject(HttpServletRequest request,Class<T> clazz)throws Exception{ T obj= JSON.parseObject(request.getInputStream(),clazz); return obj; } //静态方法将后端的json数据响应到前端 public static void responseJsonToBrowser(HttpServletResponse response,Object obj)throws Exception{ //将result对象变成json String jsonString = JSON.toJSONString(obj); //响应数据给前端 response.getWriter().print(jsonString); } }