c语言使用librdkafka库实现kafka的生产和消费实例
2017年08月02日 17:24:03
阅读数:7139
关于librdkafka库的介绍,可以参考kafka的c/c++高性能客户端librdkafka简介,本文使用librdkafka库来进行kafka的简单的生产、消费
一、producer
librdkafka进行kafka生产操作的大致步骤如下:
1、创建kafka配置
rd_kafka_conf_t *rd_kafka_conf_new (void)
2、配置kafka各项参数
-
rd_kafka_conf_res_t rd_kafka_conf_set (rd_kafka_conf_t *conf,
-
const char *name,
-
const char *value,
-
char *errstr, size_t errstr_size)
3、设置发送回调函数
-
void rd_kafka_conf_set_dr_msg_cb (rd_kafka_conf_t *conf,
-
void (*dr_msg_cb) (rd_kafka_t *rk,
-
const rd_kafka_message_t *
-
rkmessage,
-
void *opaque))
4、创建producer实例
rd_kafka_t *rd_kafka_new (rd_kafka_type_t type, rd_kafka_conf_t *conf,char *errstr, size_t errstr_size)
5、实例化topic
rd_kafka_topic_t *rd_kafka_topic_new (rd_kafka_t *rk, const char *topic, rd_kafka_topic_conf_t *conf)
6、异步调用将消息发送到指定的topic
-
int rd_kafka_produce (rd_kafka_topic_t *rkt, int32_t partition,
-
int msgflags,
-
void *payload, size_t len,
-
const void *key, size_t keylen,
-
void *msg_opaque)
7、阻塞等待消息发送完成
int rd_kafka_poll (rd_kafka_t *rk, int timeout_ms)
8、等待完成producer请求完成
rd_kafka_resp_err_t rd_kafka_flush (rd_kafka_t *rk, int timeout_ms)
9、销毁topic
void rd_kafka_topic_destroy (rd_kafka_topic_t *app_rkt)
10、销毁producer实例
void rd_kafka_destroy (rd_kafka_t *rk)
完整代码如下my_producer.c:
-
#include <stdio.h>
-
#include <signal.h>
-
#include <string.h>
-
#include "../src/rdkafka.h"
-
static int run = 1;
-
static void stop(int sig){
-
run = 0;
-
fclose(stdin);
-
}
-
/*
-
每条消息调用一次该回调函数,说明消息是传递成功(rkmessage->err == RD_KAFKA_RESP_ERR_NO_ERROR)
-
还是传递失败(rkmessage->err != RD_KAFKA_RESP_ERR_NO_ERROR)
-
该回调函数由rd_kafka_poll()触发,在应用程序的线程上执行
-
*/
-
static void dr_msg_cb(rd_kafka_t *rk,
-
const rd_kafka_message_t *rkmessage, void *opaque){
-
if(rkmessage->err)
-
fprintf(stderr, "%% Message delivery failed: %s\n",
-
rd_kafka_err2str(rkmessage->err));
-
else
-
fprintf(stderr,
-
"%% Message delivered (%zd bytes, "
-
"partition %"PRId32")\n",
-
rkmessage->len, rkmessage->partition);
-
/* rkmessage被librdkafka自动销毁*/
-
}
-
int main(int argc, char **argv){
-
rd_kafka_t *rk; /*Producer instance handle*/
-
rd_kafka_topic_t *rkt; /*topic对象*/
-
rd_kafka_conf_t *conf; /*临时配置对象*/
-
char errstr[512];
-
char buf[512];
-
const char *brokers;
-
const char *topic;
-
if(argc != 3){
-
fprintf(stderr, "%% Usage: %s <broker> <topic>\n", argv[0]);
-
return 1;
-
}
-
brokers = argv[1];
-
topic = argv[2];
-
/* 创建一个kafka配置占位 */
-
conf = rd_kafka_conf_new();
-
/*创建broker集群*/
-
if (rd_kafka_conf_set(conf, "bootstrap.servers", brokers, errstr,
-
sizeof(errstr)) != RD_KAFKA_CONF_OK){
-
fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", errstr);
-
return 1;
-
}
-
/*设置发送报告回调函数,rd_kafka_produce()接收的每条消息都会调用一次该回调函数
-
*应用程序需要定期调用rd_kafka_poll()来服务排队的发送报告回调函数*/
-
rd_kafka_conf_set_dr_msg_cb(conf, dr_msg_cb);
-
/*创建producer实例
-
rd_kafka_new()获取conf对象的所有权,应用程序在此调用之后不得再次引用它*/
-
rk = rd_kafka_new(RD_KAFKA_PRODUCER, conf, errstr, sizeof(errstr));
-
if(!rk){
-
fprintf(stderr, "%% Failed to create new producer:%s\n", errstr);
-
return 1;
-
}
-
/*实例化一个或多个topics(`rd_kafka_topic_t`)来提供生产或消费,topic
-
对象保存topic特定的配置,并在内部填充所有可用分区和leader brokers,*/
-
rkt = rd_kafka_topic_new(rk, topic, NULL);
-
if (!rkt){
-
fprintf(stderr, "%% Failed to create topic object: %s\n",
-
rd_kafka_err2str(rd_kafka_last_error()));
-
rd_kafka_destroy(rk);
-
return 1;
-
}
-
/*用于中断的信号*/
-
signal(SIGINT, stop);
-
fprintf(stderr,
-
"%% Type some text and hit enter to produce message\n"
-
"%% Or just hit enter to only serve delivery reports\n"
-
"%% Press Ctrl-C or Ctrl-D to exit\n");
-
while(run && fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin)){
-
size_t len = strlen(buf);
-
if(buf[len-1] == '\n')
-
buf[--len] = '\0';
-
if(len == 0){
-
/*轮询用于事件的kafka handle,
-
事件将导致应用程序提供的回调函数被调用
-
第二个参数是最大阻塞时间,如果设为0,将会是非阻塞的调用*/
-
rd_kafka_poll(rk, 0);
-
continue;
-
}
-
retry:
-
/*Send/Produce message.
-
这是一个异步调用,在成功的情况下,只会将消息排入内部producer队列,
-
对broker的实际传递尝试由后台线程处理,之前注册的传递回调函数(dr_msg_cb)
-
用于在消息传递成功或失败时向应用程序发回信号*/
-
if (rd_kafka_produce(
-
/* Topic object */
-
rkt,
-
/*使用内置的分区来选择分区*/
-
RD_KAFKA_PARTITION_UA,
-
/*生成payload的副本*/
-
RD_KAFKA_MSG_F_COPY,
-
/*消息体和长度*/
-
buf, len,
-
/*可选键及其长度*/
-
NULL, 0,
-
NULL) == -1){
-
fprintf(stderr,
-
"%% Failed to produce to topic %s: %s\n",
-
rd_kafka_topic_name(rkt),
-
rd_kafka_err2str(rd_kafka_last_error()));
-
if (rd_kafka_last_error() == RD_KAFKA_RESP_ERR__QUEUE_FULL){
-
/*如果内部队列满,等待消息传输完成并retry,
-
内部队列表示要发送的消息和已发送或失败的消息,
-
内部队列受限于queue.buffering.max.messages配置项*/
-
rd_kafka_poll(rk, 1000);
-
goto retry;
-
}
-
}else{
-
fprintf(stderr, "%% Enqueued message (%zd bytes) for topic %s\n",
-
len, rd_kafka_topic_name(rkt));
-
}
-
/*producer应用程序应不断地通过以频繁的间隔调用rd_kafka_poll()来为
-
传送报告队列提供服务。在没有生成消息以确定先前生成的消息已发送了其
-
发送报告回调函数(和其他注册过的回调函数)期间,要确保rd_kafka_poll()
-
仍然被调用*/
-
rd_kafka_poll(rk, 0);
-
}
-
fprintf(stderr, "%% Flushing final message.. \n");
-
/*rd_kafka_flush是rd_kafka_poll()的抽象化,
-
等待所有未完成的produce请求完成,通常在销毁producer实例前完成
-
以确保所有排列中和正在传输的produce请求在销毁前完成*/
-
rd_kafka_flush(rk, 10*1000);
-
/* Destroy topic object */
-
rd_kafka_topic_destroy(rkt);
-
/* Destroy the producer instance */
-
rd_kafka_destroy(rk);
-
return 0;
-
}
二、consumer
librdkafka进行kafka消费操作的大致步骤如下:
1、创建kafka配置
rd_kafka_conf_t *rd_kafka_conf_new (void)
2、创建kafka topic的配置
rd_kafka_topic_conf_t *rd_kafka_topic_conf_new (void)
3、配置kafka各项参数
-
rd_kafka_conf_res_t rd_kafka_conf_set (rd_kafka_conf_t *conf,
-
const char *name,
-
const char *value,
-
char *errstr, size_t errstr_size)
4、配置kafka topic各项参数
-
rd_kafka_conf_res_t rd_kafka_topic_conf_set (rd_kafka_topic_conf_t *conf,
-
const char *name,
-
const char *value,
-
char *errstr, size_t errstr_size)
5、创建consumer实例
rd_kafka_t *rd_kafka_new (rd_kafka_type_t type, rd_kafka_conf_t *conf, char *errstr, size_t errstr_size)
6、为consumer实例添加brokerlist
int rd_kafka_brokers_add (rd_kafka_t *rk, const char *brokerlist)
7、开启consumer订阅
rd_kafka_subscribe (rd_kafka_t *rk, const rd_kafka_topic_partition_list_t *topics)
8、轮询消息或事件,并调用回调函数
rd_kafka_message_t *rd_kafka_consumer_poll (rd_kafka_t *rk,int timeout_ms)
9、关闭consumer实例
rd_kafka_resp_err_t rd_kafka_consumer_close (rd_kafka_t *rk)
10、释放topic list资源
rd_kafka_topic_partition_list_destroy (rd_kafka_topic_partition_list_t *rktparlist)
11、销毁consumer实例
void rd_kafka_destroy (rd_kafka_t *rk)
12、等待consumer对象的销毁
int rd_kafka_wait_destroyed (int timeout_ms)
完整代码如下my_consumer.c
-
#include <string.h>
-
#include <stdlib.h>
-
#include <syslog.h>
-
#include <signal.h>
-
#include <error.h>
-
#include <getopt.h>
-
#include "../src/rdkafka.h"
-
static int run = 1;
-
//`rd_kafka_t`自带一个可选的配置API,如果没有调用API,Librdkafka将会使用CONFIGURATION.md中的默认配置。
-
static rd_kafka_t *rk;
-
static rd_kafka_topic_partition_list_t *topics;
-
static void stop (int sig) {
-
if (!run)
-
exit(1);
-
run = 0;
-
fclose(stdin); /* abort fgets() */
-
}
-
static void sig_usr1 (int sig) {
-
rd_kafka_dump(stdout, rk);
-
}
-
/**
-
* 处理并打印已消费的消息
-
*/
-
static void msg_consume (rd_kafka_message_t *rkmessage,
-
void *opaque) {
-
if (rkmessage->err) {
-
if (rkmessage->err == RD_KAFKA_RESP_ERR__PARTITION_EOF) {
-
fprintf(stderr,
-
"%% Consumer reached end of %s [%"PRId32"] "
-
"message queue at offset %"PRId64"\n",
-
rd_kafka_topic_name(rkmessage->rkt),
-
rkmessage->partition, rkmessage->offset);
-
return;
-
}
-
if (rkmessage->rkt)
-
fprintf(stderr, "%% Consume error for "
-
"topic \"%s\" [%"PRId32"] "
-
"offset %"PRId64": %s\n",
-
rd_kafka_topic_name(rkmessage->rkt),
-
rkmessage->partition,
-
rkmessage->offset,
-
rd_kafka_message_errstr(rkmessage));
-
else
-
fprintf(stderr, "%% Consumer error: %s: %s\n",
-
rd_kafka_err2str(rkmessage->err),
-
rd_kafka_message_errstr(rkmessage));
-
if (rkmessage->err == RD_KAFKA_RESP_ERR__UNKNOWN_PARTITION ||
-
rkmessage->err == RD_KAFKA_RESP_ERR__UNKNOWN_TOPIC)
-
run = 0;
-
return;
-
}
-
fprintf(stdout, "%% Message (topic %s [%"PRId32"], "
-
"offset %"PRId64", %zd bytes):\n",
-
rd_kafka_topic_name(rkmessage->rkt),
-
rkmessage->partition,
-
rkmessage->offset, rkmessage->len);
-
if (rkmessage->key_len) {
-
printf("Key: %.*s\n",
-
(int)rkmessage->key_len, (char *)rkmessage->key);
-
}
-
printf("%.*s\n",
-
(int)rkmessage->len, (char *)rkmessage->payload);
-
}
-
/*
-
init all configuration of kafka
-
*/
-
int initKafka(char *brokers, char *group,char *topic){
-
rd_kafka_conf_t *conf;
-
rd_kafka_topic_conf_t *topic_conf;
-
rd_kafka_resp_err_t err;
-
char tmp[16];
-
char errstr[512];
-
/* Kafka configuration */
-
conf = rd_kafka_conf_new();
-
//quick termination
-
snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%i", SIGIO);
-
rd_kafka_conf_set(conf, "internal.termination.signal", tmp, NULL, 0);
-
//topic configuration
-
topic_conf = rd_kafka_topic_conf_new();
-
/* Consumer groups require a group id */
-
if (!group)
-
group = "rdkafka_consumer_example";
-
if (rd_kafka_conf_set(conf, "group.id", group,
-
errstr, sizeof(errstr)) !=
-
RD_KAFKA_CONF_OK) {
-
fprintf(stderr, "%% %s\n", errstr);
-
return -1;
-
}
-
/* Consumer groups always use broker based offset storage */
-
if (rd_kafka_topic_conf_set(topic_conf, "offset.store.method",
-
"broker",
-
errstr, sizeof(errstr)) !=
-
RD_KAFKA_CONF_OK) {
-
fprintf(stderr, "%% %s\n", errstr);
-
return -1;
-
}
-
/* Set default topic config for pattern-matched topics. */
-
rd_kafka_conf_set_default_topic_conf(conf, topic_conf);
-
//实例化一个顶级对象rd_kafka_t作为基础容器,提供全局配置和共享状态
-
rk = rd_kafka_new(RD_KAFKA_CONSUMER, conf, errstr, sizeof(errstr));
-
if(!rk){
-
fprintf(stderr, "%% Failed to create new consumer:%s\n", errstr);
-
return -1;
-
}
-
//Librdkafka需要至少一个brokers的初始化list
-
if (rd_kafka_brokers_add(rk, brokers) == 0){
-
fprintf(stderr, "%% No valid brokers specified\n");
-
return -1;
-
}
-
//重定向 rd_kafka_poll()队列到consumer_poll()队列
-
rd_kafka_poll_set_consumer(rk);
-
//创建一个Topic+Partition的存储空间(list/vector)
-
topics = rd_kafka_topic_partition_list_new(1);
-
//把Topic+Partition加入list
-
rd_kafka_topic_partition_list_add(topics, topic, -1);
-
//开启consumer订阅,匹配的topic将被添加到订阅列表中
-
if((err = rd_kafka_subscribe(rk, topics))){
-
fprintf(stderr, "%% Failed to start consuming topics: %s\n", rd_kafka_err2str(err));
-
return -1;
-
}
-
return 1;
-
}
-
int main(int argc, char **argv){
-
char *brokers = "localhost:9092";
-
char *group = NULL;
-
char *topic = NULL;
-
int opt;
-
rd_kafka_resp_err_t err;
-
while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "g:b:t:qd:eX:As:DO")) != -1){
-
switch (opt) {
-
case 'b':
-
brokers = optarg;
-
break;
-
case 'g':
-
group = optarg;
-
break;
-
case 't':
-
topic = optarg;
-
break;
-
default:
-
break;
-
}
-
}
-
signal(SIGINT, stop);
-
signal(SIGUSR1, sig_usr1);
-
if(!initKafka(brokers, group, topic)){
-
fprintf(stderr, "kafka server initialize error\n");
-
}else{
-
while(run){
-
rd_kafka_message_t *rkmessage;
-
/*-轮询消费者的消息或事件,最多阻塞timeout_ms
-
-应用程序应该定期调用consumer_poll(),即使没有预期的消息,以服务
-
所有排队等待的回调函数,当注册过rebalance_cb,该操作尤为重要,
-
因为它需要被正确地调用和处理以同步内部消费者状态 */
-
rkmessage = rd_kafka_consumer_poll(rk, 1000);
-
if(rkmessage){
-
msg_consume(rkmessage, NULL);
-
/*释放rkmessage的资源,并把所有权还给rdkafka*/
-
rd_kafka_message_destroy(rkmessage);
-
}
-
}
-
}
-
done:
-
/*此调用将会阻塞,直到consumer撤销其分配,调用rebalance_cb(如果已设置),
-
commit offset到broker,并离开consumer group
-
最大阻塞时间被设置为session.timeout.ms
-
*/
-
err = rd_kafka_consumer_close(rk);
-
if(err){
-
fprintf(stderr, "%% Failed to close consumer: %s\n", rd_kafka_err2str(err));
-
}else{
-
fprintf(stderr, "%% Consumer closed\n");
-
}
-
//释放topics list使用的所有资源和它自己
-
rd_kafka_topic_partition_list_destroy(topics);
-
//destroy kafka handle
-
rd_kafka_destroy(rk);
-
run = 5;
-
//等待所有rd_kafka_t对象销毁,所有kafka对象被销毁,返回0,超时返回-1
-
while(run-- > 0 && rd_kafka_wait_destroyed(1000) == -1){
-
printf("Waiting for librdkafka to decommission\n");
-
}
-
if(run <= 0){
-
//dump rdkafka内部状态到stdout流
-
rd_kafka_dump(stdout, rk);
-
}
-
return 0;
-
}
在linux下编译producer和consumer的代码:
-
gcc my_producer.c -o my_producer -lrdkafka -lz -lpthread -lrt
-
gcc my_consumer.c -o my_consumer -lrdkafka -lz -lpthread -lrt
在运行my_producer或my_consumer时可能会报错"error while loading shared libraries xxx.so", 此时需要在/etc/ld.so.conf中加入xxx.so所在的目录
在本地启动一个简单的kafka服务,设置broker集群为localhost:9092并创建一个叫“test_topic”的topic
启动方式可参考 kafka0.8.2集群的环境搭建并实现基本的生产消费
启动consumer:
启动producer,并发送一条数据“hello world”:
consumer处成功收到producer发送的“hello world”: