VB.NET and C# Comparison

 

VB.NET and C# Comparison
This is a quick reference guide to highlight some key syntactical differences between VB.NET and C#. Hope you find this useful!
Thank you to Tom Shelton, Fergus Cooney, Steven Swafford, Gjuro Kladaric, and others for your contributions.
Also see Java and C# Comparison.

Program Structure Comments Data Types Constants Enumerations Operators

Choices Loops Arrays Functions Strings Regular Expressions

Exception Handling Namespaces Classes / Interfaces Constructors / Destructors Using Objects Structs

Properties Delegates / Events Generics LINQ  New! Console I/O File I/O

VB.NET Program Structure C#
Imports System Namespace Hello    Class HelloWorld       Overloads Shared Sub Main(ByVal args() As String)          Dim name As String = "VB.NET"          'See if an argument was passed from the command line           If args.Length = 1 Then name = args(0)           Console.WriteLine("Hello, " & name & "!")       End Sub    End Class End Namespace	using System; namespace Hello {    public class HelloWorld {       public static void Main(string[] args) {          string name = "C#";          // See if an argument was passed from the command line          if (args.Length == 1)             name = args[0];          Console.WriteLine("Hello, " + name + "!");       }    } }
VB.NET Comments C#
' Single line only REM Single line only ''' <summary>XML comments</summary>	// Single line /* Multiple     line  */ /// <summary>XML comments on single line</summary> /** <summary>XML comments on multiple lines</summary> */
VB.NET Data Types C#
Value Types Boolean Byte, SByte Char Short, UShort, Integer, UInteger, Long, ULong Single, Double Decimal Date   (alias of System.DateTime) Reference Types Object String Initializing Dim correct As Boolean = True Dim b As Byte = &H2A   'hex or &O52 for octal Dim person As Object = Nothing Dim name As String = "Dwight" Dim grade As Char = "B"c Dim today As Date = #12/31/2010 12:15:00 PM# Dim amount As Decimal = 35.99@ Dim gpa As Single = 2.9! Dim pi As Double = 3.14159265 Dim lTotal As Long = 123456L Dim sTotal As Short = 123S Dim usTotal As UShort = 123US Dim uiTotal As UInteger = 123UI Dim ulTotal As ULong = 123UL Implicitly Typed Local Variables Dim s = "Hello!" Dim nums = New Integer() {1, 2, 3} Dim hero = New SuperHero With {.Name = "Batman"} Type Information Dim x As Integer Console.WriteLine(x.GetType())          ' Prints System.Int32 Console.WriteLine(GetType(Integer))   ' Prints System.Int32 Console.WriteLine(TypeName(x))        ' Prints Integer Dim c as New Circle If TypeOf c Is Shape Then _     Console.WriteLine("c is a Shape") Type Conversion / Casting Dim d As Single = 3.5 Dim i As Integer = CType(d, Integer)   ' set to 4 (Banker's rounding) i = CInt(d)  ' same result as CType i = Int(d)    ' set to 3 (Int function truncates the decimal) Dim o As Object = 2 i = DirectCast(o, Integer)   ' Throws InvalidCastException if type cast fails Dim s As New Shape Dim c As Circle = TryCast(s, Circle)   ' Returns Nothing if type cast fails	Value Types bool byte, sbyte char short, ushort, int, uint, long, ulong float, double decimal DateTime   (not a built-in C# type) Reference Types object string Initializing bool correct = true; byte b = 0x2A;   // hex object person = null; string name = "Dwight"; char grade = 'B'; DateTime today = DateTime.Parse("12/31/2010 12:15:00 PM"); decimal amount = 35.99m; float gpa = 2.9f; double pi = 3.14159265; long lTotal = 123456L; short sTotal = 123; ushort usTotal = 123; uint uiTotal = 123; ulong ulTotal = 123; Implicitly Typed Local Variables var s = "Hello!"; var nums = new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }; var hero = new SuperHero() { Name = "Batman" }; Type Information int x; Console.WriteLine(x.GetType());              // Prints System.Int32 Console.WriteLine(typeof(int));               // Prints System.Int32 Console.WriteLine(x.GetType().Name);   // prints Int32 Circle c = new Circle(); if (c is Shape)     Console.WriteLine("c is a Shape"); Type Conversion / Casting float d = 3.5f; i = Convert.ToInt32(d);     // Set to 4 (rounds) int i = (int)d;     // set to 3 (truncates decimal) object o = 2; int i = (int)o;   // Throws InvalidCastException if type cast fails Shape s = new Shape(); Circle c = s as Circle;   // Returns null if type cast fails
VB.NET Constants C#
Const MAX_STUDENTS As Integer = 25 ' Can set to a const or var; may be initialized in a constructor ReadOnly MIN_DIAMETER As Single = 4.93	const int MAX_STUDENTS = 25; // Can set to a const or var; may be initialized in a constructor readonly float MIN_DIAMETER = 4.93f;
VB.NET Enumerations C#
Enum Action   Start    [Stop]   ' Stop is a reserved word   Rewind   Forward End Enum Enum Status   Flunk = 50   Pass = 70   Excel = 90 End Enum Dim a As Action = Action.Stop If a <> Action.Start Then _    Console.WriteLine(a.ToString & " is " & a)     ' Prints "Stop is 1" Console.WriteLine(Status.Pass)     ' Prints 70 Console.WriteLine(Status.Pass.ToString())     ' Prints Pass	enum Action {Start, Stop, Rewind, Forward}; enum Status {Flunk = 50, Pass = 70, Excel = 90}; Action a = Action.Stop; if (a != Action.Start)   Console.WriteLine(a + " is " + (int) a);    // Prints "Stop is 1" Console.WriteLine((int) Status.Pass);    // Prints 70 Console.WriteLine(Status.Pass);      // Prints Pass
VB.NET Operators C#
Comparison =  <  >  <=  >=  <> Arithmetic +  -  *  / Mod \  (integer division) ^  (raise to a power) Assignment =  +=  -=  *=  /=  \=  ^=  <<=  >>=  &= Bitwise And   Or   Xor   Not   <<   >> Logical AndAlso   OrElse   And   Or   Xor   Not Note: AndAlso and OrElse perform short-circuit logical evaluations String Concatenation &	Comparison ==  <  >  <=  >=  != Arithmetic +  -  *  / %  (mod) /  (integer division if both operands are ints) Math.Pow(x, y) Assignment =  +=  -=  *=  /=   %=  &=  |=  ^=  <<=  >>=  ++  -- Bitwise &   |   ^   ~   <<   >> Logical &&   ||   &   |   ^   ! Note: && and || perform short-circuit logical evaluations String Concatenation +
VB.NET Choices C#
' Ternary/Conditional operator (IIf evaluates 2nd and 3rd expressions) greeting = If(age < 20, "What's up?", "Hello") ' One line doesn't require "End If" If age < 20 Then greeting = "What's up?" If age < 20 Then greeting = "What's up?" Else greeting = "Hello" ' Use : to put two commands on same line If x <> 100 AndAlso y < 5 Then x *= 5 : y *= 2   ' Preferred If x <> 100 AndAlso y < 5 Then   x *= 5   y *= 2 End If ' Use _ to break up long single line or use implicit line break If whenYouHaveAReally < longLine And   itNeedsToBeBrokenInto2 > Lines Then _   UseTheUnderscore(charToBreakItUp) 'If x > 5 Then   x *= y ElseIf x = 5 OrElse y Mod 2 = 0 Then   x += y ElseIf x < 10 Then   x -= y Else   x /= y End If Select Case color   ' Must be a primitive data type   Case "pink", "red"     r += 1   Case "blue"     b += 1   Case "green"     g += 1   Case Else     other += 1 End Select	// Ternary/Conditional operator greeting = age < 20 ? "What's up?" : "Hello"; if (age < 20)   greeting = "What's up?"; else   greeting = "Hello"; // Multiple statements must be enclosed in {} if (x != 100 && y < 5) {      x *= 5;   y *= 2; } No need for _ or : since ; is used to terminate each statement. if (x > 5)   x *= y; else if (x == 5 || y % 2 == 0)   x += y; else if (x < 10)   x -= y; else   x /= y; // Every case must end with break or goto case switch (color) {                          // Must be integer or string   case "pink":   case "red":    r++;    break;   case "blue":   b++;   break;   case "green": g++;   break;   default:    other++;   break;       // break necessary on default }
VB.NET Loops C#
Pre-test Loops: While c < 10   c += 1 End While Do Until c = 10    c += 1 Loop Do While c < 10   c += 1 Loop For c = 2 To 10 Step 2   Console.WriteLine(c) Next Post-test Loops: Do    c += 1 Loop While c < 10 Do    c += 1 Loop Until c = 10 '  Array or collection looping Dim names As String() = {"Fred", "Sue", "Barney"} For Each s As String In names   Console.WriteLine(s) Next ' Breaking out of loops Dim i As Integer = 0 While (True)   If (i = 5) Then Exit While   i += 1 End While ' Continue to next iteration For i = 0 To 4   If i < 4 Then Continue For   Console.WriteLine(i)   ' Only prints 4 Next	Pre-test Loops:   // no "until" keyword while (c < 10)   c++; for (c = 2; c <= 10; c += 2)   Console.WriteLine(c); Post-test Loop: do   c++; while (c < 10); // Array or collection looping string[] names = {"Fred", "Sue", "Barney"}; foreach (string s in names)   Console.WriteLine(s); // Breaking out of loops int i = 0; while (true) {   if (i == 5)     break;   i++; } // Continue to next iteration for (i = 0; i <= 4; i++) {   if (i < 4)     continue;   Console.WriteLine(i);   // Only prints 4 }
VB.NET Arrays C#
Dim nums() As Integer = {1, 2, 3}  For i As Integer = 0 To nums.Length - 1   Console.WriteLine(nums(i)) Next ' 4 is the index of the last element, so it holds 5 elements Dim names(4) As String names(0) = "David" names(5) = "Bobby"  ' Throws System.IndexOutOfRangeException ' Resize the array, keeping the existing values (Preserve is optional) ReDim Preserve names(6) Dim twoD(rows-1, cols-1) As Single twoD(2, 0) = 4.5 Dim jagged()() As Integer = { _   New Integer(4) {}, New Integer(1) {}, New Integer(2) {} } jagged(0)(4) = 5	int[] nums = {1, 2, 3}; for (int i = 0; i < nums.Length; i++)   Console.WriteLine(nums[i]); // 5 is the size of the array string[] names = new string[5]; names[0] = "David"; names[5] = "Bobby";   // Throws System.IndexOutOfRangeException // C# can't dynamically resize an array.  Just copy into new array. string[] names2 = new string[7]; Array.Copy(names, names2, names.Length);   // or names.CopyTo(names2, 0);  float[,] twoD = new float[rows, cols]; twoD[2,0] = 4.5f;  int[][] jagged = new int[3][] {   new int[5], new int[2], new int[3] }; jagged[0][4] = 5;
VB.NET Functions C#
' Pass by value (in, default), reference (in/out), and reference (out)  Sub TestFunc(ByVal x As Integer, ByRef y As Integer,ByRef z As Integer)   x += 1   y += 1   z = 5 End Sub Dim a = 1, b = 1, c As Integer   ' c set to zero by default  TestFunc(a, b, c) Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} {2}", a, b, c)   ' 1 2 5 ' Accept variable number of arguments Function Sum(ByVal ParamArray nums As Integer()) As Integer   Sum = 0    For Each i As Integer In nums     Sum += i   Next End Function   ' Or use Return statement like C# Dim total As Integer = Sum(4, 3, 2, 1)   ' returns 10 ' Optional parameters must be listed last and must have a default value Sub SayHello(ByVal name As String, Optional ByVal prefix As String = "")   Console.WriteLine("Greetings, " & prefix & " " & name) End Sub SayHello("Strangelove", "Dr.") SayHello("Mom")	// Pass by value (in, default), reference (in/out), and reference (out) void TestFunc(int x, ref int y, out int z) {   x++;     y++;   z = 5; } int a = 1, b = 1, c;  // c doesn't need initializing TestFunc(a, ref b, out c); Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} {2}", a, b, c);  // 1 2 5 // Accept variable number of arguments int Sum(params int[] nums) {   int sum = 0;   foreach (int i in nums)     sum += i;   return sum; } int total = Sum(4, 3, 2, 1);   // returns 10 /* C# 4.0 supports optional parameters. Previous versions required function overloading. */  void SayHello(string name, string prefix = "") {   Console.WriteLine("Greetings, " + prefix + " " + name); }  SayHello("Strangelove", "Dr."); SayHello("Mom");
VB.NET Strings C#
Special character constants (all also accessible from ControlChars class) vbCrLf, vbCr, vbLf, vbNewLine vbNullString vbTab vbBack vbFormFeed vbVerticalTab "" ' String concatenation (use & or +) Dim school As String = "Harding" & vbTab school = school & "University" ' school is "Harding (tab) University" ' Chars Dim letter As Char = school.Chars(0)   ' letter is H letter = "Z"c                                         ' letter is Z letter = Convert.ToChar(65)                ' letter is A letter = Chr(65)                                 ' same thing Dim word() As Char = school.ToCharArray() ' word holds Harding ' No string literal operator Dim msg As String = "File is c:\temp\x.dat" ' String comparison Dim mascot As String = "Bisons" If (mascot = "Bisons") Then   ' true If (mascot.Equals("Bisons")) Then   ' true If (mascot.ToUpper().Equals("BISONS")) Then  ' true If (mascot.CompareTo("Bisons") = 0) Then   ' true ' String matching with Like - Regex is more powerful If ("John 3:16" Like "Jo[Hh]? #:*") Then   'true ' Substring s = mascot.Substring(2, 3)) ' s is "son" ' Replacement s = mascot.Replace("sons", "nomial")) ' s is "Binomial" ' Split Dim names As String = "Michael,Dwight,Jim,Pam" Dim parts() As String = names.Split(",".ToCharArray())   ' One name in each slot ' Date to string Dim dt As New DateTime(1973, 10, 12) Dim s As String = "My birthday: " & dt.ToString("MMM dd, yyyy")   ' Oct 12, 1973 ' Integer to String Dim x As Integer = 2 Dim y As String = x.ToString()     ' y is "2" ' String to Integer Dim x As Integer = Convert.ToInt32("-5")     ' x is -5 ' Mutable string Dim buffer As New System.Text.StringBuilder("two ") buffer.Append("three ") buffer.Insert(0, "one ") buffer.Replace("two", "TWO") Console.WriteLine(buffer)         ' Prints "one TWO three"	Escape sequences \r    // carriage-return \n    // line-feed \t    // tab \\    // backslash \"    // quote // String concatenation string school = "Harding\t"; school = school + "University";   // school is "Harding (tab) University" // Chars char letter = school[0];            // letter is H letter = 'Z';                               // letter is Z letter = Convert.ToChar(65);     // letter is A letter = (char)65;                    // same thing char[] word = school.ToCharArray();   // word holds Harding // String literal string msg = @"File is c:\temp\x.dat"; // same as string msg = "File is c:\\temp\\x.dat"; // String comparison string mascot = "Bisons"; if (mascot == "Bisons")    // true if (mascot.Equals("Bisons"))   // true if (mascot.ToUpper().Equals("BISONS"))   // true if (mascot.CompareTo("Bisons") == 0)    // true // String matching - No Like equivalent, use Regex // Substring s = mascot.Substring(2, 3))     // s is "son" // Replacement s = mascot.Replace("sons", "nomial"))     // s is "Binomial" // Split string names = "Michael,Dwight,Jim,Pam"; string[] parts = names.Split(",".ToCharArray());   // One name in each slot // Date to string DateTime dt = new DateTime(1973, 10, 12); string s = dt.ToString("MMM dd, yyyy");     // Oct 12, 1973 // int to string int x = 2; string y = x.ToString();     // y is "2" // string to int int x = Convert.ToInt32("-5");     // x is -5 // Mutable string System.Text.StringBuilder buffer = new System.Text.StringBuilder("two "); buffer.Append("three "); buffer.Insert(0, "one "); buffer.Replace("two", "TWO"); Console.WriteLine(buffer);     // Prints "one TWO three"
VB.NET Regular Expressions C#
Imports System.Text.RegularExpressions ' Match a string pattern Dim r As New Regex("j[aeiou]h?. \d:*", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase Or _         RegexOptions.Compiled) If (r.Match("John 3:16").Success) Then   'true     Console.WriteLine("Match") End If ' Find and remember all matching patterns Dim s As String = "My number is 305-1881, not 305-1818." Dim r As New Regex("(\d+-\d+)") Dim m As Match = r.Match(s)     ' Matches 305-1881 and 305-1818 While m.Success     Console.WriteLine("Found number: " & m.Groups(1).Value & " at position " _             & m.Groups(1).Index.ToString)     m = m.NextMatch() End While ' Remeber multiple parts of matched pattern Dim r As New Regex("(\d\d):(\d\d) (am|pm)") Dim m As Match = r.Match("We left at 03:15 pm.") If m.Success Then     Console.WriteLine("Hour: " & m.Groups(1).ToString)       ' 03     Console.WriteLine("Min: " & m.Groups(2).ToString)         ' 15     Console.WriteLine("Ending: " & m.Groups(3).ToString)   ' pm End If ' Replace all occurrances of a pattern Dim r As New Regex("h\w+?d", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase) Dim s As String = r.Replace("I heard this was HARD!", "easy")   ' I easy this was easy! ' Replace matched patterns Dim s As String = Regex.Replace("123 < 456", "(\d+) . (\d+)", "$2 > $1")  ' 456 > 123 ' Split a string based on a pattern Dim names As String = "Michael, Dwight, Jim, Pam" Dim r As New Regex(",\s*") Dim parts() As String = r.Split(names)   ' One name in each slot	using System.Text.RegularExpressions; // Match a string pattern Regex r = new Regex(@"j[aeiou]h?. \d:*", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase |         RegexOptions.Compiled); if (r.Match("John 3:16").Success)   // true     Console.WriteLine("Match"); // Find and remember all matching patterns string s = "My number is 305-1881, not 305-1818."; Regex r = new Regex("(\\d+-\\d+)"); // Matches 305-1881 and 305-1818 for (Match m = r.Match(s); m.Success; m = m.NextMatch())     Console.WriteLine("Found number: " + m.Groups[1] + " at position " +         m.Groups[1].Index); // Remeber multiple parts of matched pattern Regex r = new Regex("@(\d\d):(\d\d) (am|pm)"); Match m = r.Match("We left at 03:15 pm."); if (m.Success) {     Console.WriteLine("Hour: " + m.Groups[1]);       // 03     Console.WriteLine("Min: " + m.Groups[2]);         // 15     Console.WriteLine("Ending: " + m.Groups[3]);   // pm } // Replace all occurrances of a pattern Regex r = new Regex("h\\w+?d", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase); string s = r.Replace("I heard this was HARD!", "easy"));   // I easy this was easy! // Replace matched patterns string s = Regex.Replace("123 < 456", @"(\d+) . (\d+)", "$2 > $1");  // 456 > 123 // Split a string based on a pattern string names = "Michael, Dwight, Jim, Pam"; Regex r = new Regex(@",\s*"); string[] parts = r.Split(names);   // One name in each slot
VB.NET Exception Handling C#
' Throw an exception Dim ex As New Exception("Something is really wrong.") Throw  ex  ' Catch an exception Try    y = 0   x = 10 / y Catch ex As Exception When y = 0 ' Argument and When is optional   Console.WriteLine(ex.Message) Finally   Beep() End Try ' Deprecated unstructured error handling On Error GoTo MyErrorHandler ... MyErrorHandler: Console.WriteLine(Err.Description)	// Throw an exception Exception up = new Exception("Something is really wrong."); throw up;  // ha ha // Catch an exception try {    y = 0;   x = 10 / y; } catch (Exception ex) {   // Argument is optional, no "When" keyword    Console.WriteLine(ex.Message); } finally {   Microsoft.VisualBasic.Interaction.Beep(); }
VB.NET Namespaces C#
Namespace Harding.Compsci.Graphics    ... End Namespace ' or Namespace Harding   Namespace Compsci     Namespace Graphics        ...     End Namespace   End Namespace End Namespace Imports Harding.Compsci.Graphics	namespace Harding.Compsci.Graphics {   ... } // or namespace Harding {   namespace Compsci {     namespace Graphics {       ...     }   } } using Harding.Compsci.Graphics;
VB.NET Classes / Interfaces C#
Access Modifiers Public Private Friend Protected Protected Friend Class Modifiers MustInherit NotInheritable Method Modifiers MustOverride NotInheritable Shared Overridable ' All members are Shared Module ' Partial classes Partial Class Competition   ... End Class  ' Inheritance Class FootballGame   Inherits Competition   ... End Class  ' Interface definition Interface IAlarmClock   Sub Ring()   Property TriggerDateTime() As DateTime End Interface ' Extending an interface Interface IAlarmClock   Inherits IClock   ... End Interface ' Interface implementation Class WristWatch    Implements IAlarmClock, ITimer   Public Sub Ring() Implements IAlarmClock.Ring     Console.WriteLine("Wake up!")   End Sub   Public Property TriggerDateTime As DateTime Implements IAlarmClock.TriggerDateTime   ... End Class	Access Modifiers public private internal protected protected internal Class Modifiers abstract sealed static Method Modifiers abstract sealed static virtual No Module equivalent - just use static class // Partial classes partial class Competition {   ... } // Inheritance class FootballGame : Competition {   ... } // Interface definition interface IAlarmClock {   void Ring();   DateTime CurrentDateTime { get; set; } } // Extending an interface  interface IAlarmClock : IClock {   ... } // Interface implementation class WristWatch : IAlarmClock, ITimer {   public void Ring() {     Console.WriteLine("Wake up!");   }   public DateTime TriggerDateTime { get; set; }   ... }
VB.NET Constructors / Destructors C#
Class SuperHero   Private powerLevel As Integer   Public Sub New()     powerLevel = 0   End Sub   Public Sub New(ByVal powerLevel As Integer)     Me.powerLevel = powerLevel   End Sub   Shared Sub New()     ' Shared constructor invoked before 1st instance is created   End Sub   Protected Overrides Sub Finalize()     ' Destructor to free unmanaged resources     MyBase.Finalize()   End Sub End Class	class SuperHero {   private int powerLevel;   public SuperHero() {      powerLevel = 0;   }   public SuperHero(int powerLevel) {     this.powerLevel = powerLevel;    }   static SuperHero() {     // Static constructor invoked before 1st instance is created   }   ~SuperHero() {     // Destructor implicitly creates a Finalize method   } }
VB.NET Using Objects C#
Dim hero As SuperHero = New SuperHero ' or Dim hero As New SuperHero With hero   .Name = "SpamMan"   .PowerLevel = 3 End With hero.Defend("Laura Jones") hero.Rest()     ' Calling Shared method ' or SuperHero.Rest() Dim hero2 As SuperHero = hero  ' Both reference the same object hero2.Name = "WormWoman" Console.WriteLine(hero.Name)   ' Prints WormWoman hero = Nothing    ' Free the object If hero Is Nothing Then _   hero = New SuperHero Dim obj As Object = New SuperHero If TypeOf obj Is SuperHero Then _   Console.WriteLine("Is a SuperHero object.") ' Mark object for quick disposal Using reader As StreamReader = File.OpenText("test.txt")   Dim line As String = reader.ReadLine()   While Not line Is Nothing     Console.WriteLine(line)     line = reader.ReadLine()   End While End Using	SuperHero hero = new SuperHero(); // No "With" construct hero.Name = "SpamMan"; hero.PowerLevel = 3; hero.Defend("Laura Jones"); SuperHero.Rest();   // Calling static method SuperHero hero2 = hero;   // Both reference the same object hero2.Name = "WormWoman"; Console.WriteLine(hero.Name);   // Prints WormWoman hero = null ;   // Free the object if (hero == null)   hero = new SuperHero(); Object obj = new SuperHero();  if (obj is SuperHero)   Console.WriteLine("Is a SuperHero object."); // Mark object for quick disposal using (StreamReader reader = File.OpenText("test.txt")) {   string line;   while ((line = reader.ReadLine()) != null)     Console.WriteLine(line); }
VB.NET Structs C#
Structure StudentRecord   Public name As String   Public gpa As Single   Public Sub New(ByVal name As String, ByVal gpa As Single)     Me.name = name     Me.gpa = gpa   End Sub End Structure Dim stu As StudentRecord = New StudentRecord("Bob", 3.5) Dim stu2 As StudentRecord = stu   stu2.name = "Sue" Console.WriteLine(stu.name)    ' Prints Bob Console.WriteLine(stu2.name)  ' Prints Sue	struct StudentRecord {   public string name;   public float gpa;   public StudentRecord(string name, float gpa) {     this.name = name;     this.gpa = gpa;   } } StudentRecord stu = new StudentRecord("Bob", 3.5f); StudentRecord stu2 = stu;   stu2.name = "Sue"; Console.WriteLine(stu.name);    // Prints Bob Console.WriteLine(stu2.name);   // Prints Sue
VB.NET Properties C#
' Auto-implemented properties are new to VB10 Public Property Name As String Public Property Size As Integer = -1     ' Default value, Get and Set both Public ' Traditional property implementation Private mName As String Public Property Name() As String     Get         Return mName     End Get     Set(ByVal value As String)         mName = value     End Set End Property ' Read-only property Private mPowerLevel As Integer Public ReadOnly Property PowerLevel() As Integer     Get         Return mPowerLevel     End Get End Property ' Write-only property Private mHeight As Double Public WriteOnly Property Height() As Double     Set(ByVal value As Double)         mHeight = If(value < 0, mHeight = 0, mHeight = value)     End Set End Property	// Auto-implemented properties public string Name { get; set; } public int Size { get; protected set; }     // Set default value in constructor // Traditional property implementation private string name; public string Name {   get {     return name;   }   set {     name = value;   } } // Read-only property private int powerLevel; public int PowerLevel {   get {     return powerLevel;   } } // Write-only property private double height; public double Height {   set {     height = value < 0 ? 0 : value;   } }
VB.NET Delegates / Events C#
Delegate Sub MsgArrivedEventHandler(ByVal message As String) Event MsgArrivedEvent As MsgArrivedEventHandler ' or to define an event which declares a delegate implicitly Event MsgArrivedEvent(ByVal message As String) AddHandler MsgArrivedEvent, AddressOf My_MsgArrivedCallback ' Won't throw an exception if obj is Nothing RaiseEvent MsgArrivedEvent("Test message") RemoveHandler MsgArrivedEvent, AddressOf My_MsgArrivedCallback Imports System.Windows.Forms Dim WithEvents MyButton As Button   ' WithEvents can't be used on local variable MyButton = New Button Private Sub MyButton_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _   ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyButton.Click   MessageBox.Show(Me, "Button was clicked", "Info", _     MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information) End Sub	delegate void MsgArrivedEventHandler(string message); event MsgArrivedEventHandler MsgArrivedEvent; // Delegates must be used with events in C# MsgArrivedEvent += new MsgArrivedEventHandler(My_MsgArrivedEventCallback); MsgArrivedEvent("Test message");    // Throws exception if obj is null MsgArrivedEvent -= new MsgArrivedEventHandler(My_MsgArrivedEventCallback); using System.Windows.Forms; Button MyButton = new Button();  MyButton.Click += new System.EventHandler(MyButton_Click); private void MyButton_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) {   MessageBox.Show(this, "Button was clicked", "Info",     MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information); }
VB.NET Generics C#
' Enforce accepted data type at compile-time Dim numbers As New List(Of Integer) numbers.Add(2) numbers.Add(4) DisplayList(Of Integer)(numbers) ' Subroutine can display any type of List Sub DisplayList(Of T)(ByVal list As List(Of T))     For Each item As T In list         Console.WriteLine(item)     Next End Sub ' Class works on any data type Class SillyList(Of T)     Private list(10) As T     Private rand As New Random     Public Sub Add(ByVal item As T)         list(rand.Next(10)) = item     End Sub     Public Function GetItem() As T         Return list(rand.Next(10))     End Function End Class ' Limit T to only types that implement IComparable Function Maximum(Of T As IComparable)(ByVal ParamArray items As T()) As T     Dim max As T = items(0)     For Each item As T In items         If item.CompareTo(max) > 0 Then max = item     Next     Return max End Function	// Enforce accepted data type at compile-time List<int> numbers = new List<int>(); numbers.Add(2); numbers.Add(4); DisplayList<int>(numbers); // Function can display any type of List void DisplayList<T>(List<T> list) {     foreach (T item in list)         Console.WriteLine(item); } // Class works on any data type class SillyList<T> {     private T[] list = new T[10];     private Random rand = new Random();     public void Add(T item) {         list[rand.Next(10)] = item;     }     public T GetItem() {         return list[rand.Next(10)];     } } // Limit T to only types that implement IComparable T Maximum<T>(params T[] items)where T : IComparable<T> {     T max = items[0];     foreach (T item in items)         if (item.CompareTo(max) > 0)             max = item;     return max; }
VB.NET LINQ C#
Dim nums() As Integer = {5, 8, 2, 1, 6} ' Get all numbers in the array above 4 Dim results = From value In nums                   Where value > 4                   Select value Console.WriteLine(results.Count())     ' 3 Console.WriteLine(results.First())     ' 5 Console.WriteLine(results.Last())     ' 6 Console.WriteLine(results.Average())     ' 6.33333 ' Displays 5 8 6 For Each n As Integer In results     Console.Write(n & " ") Next results = results.Intersect({5, 6, 7})     ' 5 6 results = results.Concat({5, 1, 5})     ' 5 6 5 1 5 results = results.Distinct()     ' 5 6 1 Dim Students() As Student = {     New Student With {.Name = "Bob", .GPA = 3.5},     New Student With {.Name = "Sue", .GPA = 4.0},     New Student With {.Name = "Joe", .GPA = 1.9} } ' Get an ordered list of all students by GPA with GPA >= 3.0 Dim goodStudents = From s In Students             Where s.GPA >= 3.0             Order By s.GPA Descending             Select s Console.WriteLine(goodStudents.First.Name)     ' Sue	int[] nums = { 5, 8, 2, 1, 6 }; // Get all numbers in the array above 4 var results = from value in nums                 where value > 4                 select value; Console.WriteLine(results.Count());     // 3 Console.WriteLine(results.First());     // 5 Console.WriteLine(results.Last());     // 6 Console.WriteLine(results.Average());     // 6.33333 // Displays 5 8 6 foreach (int n in results)     Console.Write(n + " "); results = results.Intersect(new[] {5, 6, 7});     // 5 6 results = results.Concat(new[] {5, 1, 5});     // 5 6 5 1 5 results = results.Distinct();     // 5 6 1 Student[] Students = {     new Student{ Name = "Bob", GPA = 3.5 },     new Student{ Name = "Sue", GPA = 4.0 },     new Student{ Name = "Joe", GPA = 1.9 } }; // Get an ordered list of all students by GPA with GPA >= 3.0 var goodStudents = from s in Students             where s.GPA >= 3.0             orderby s.GPA descending             select s; Console.WriteLine(goodStudents.First().Name);     // Sue
VB.NET Console I/O C#
Console.Write("What's your name? ") Dim name As String = Console.ReadLine() Console.Write("How old are you? ") Dim age As Integer = Val(Console.ReadLine()) Console.WriteLine("{0} is {1} years old.", name, age)  ' or Console.WriteLine(name & " is " & age & " years old.") Dim c As Integer c = Console.Read()    ' Read single char Console.WriteLine(c)   ' Prints 65 if user enters "A"	Console.Write("What's your name? "); string name = Console.ReadLine(); Console.Write("How old are you? "); int age = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine()); Console.WriteLine("{0} is {1} years old.", name, age); // or Console.WriteLine(name + " is " + age + " years old."); int c = Console.Read();  // Read single char Console.WriteLine(c);    // Prints 65 if user enters "A"
VB.NET File I/O C#
Imports System.IO ' Write out to text file Dim writer As StreamWriter = File.CreateText("c:\myfile.txt") writer.WriteLine("Out to file.") writer.Close() ' Read all lines from text file Dim reader As StreamReader = File.OpenText("c:\myfile.txt") Dim line As String = reader.ReadLine() While Not line Is Nothing   Console.WriteLine(line)   line = reader.ReadLine() End While reader.Close() ' Write out to binary file Dim str As String = "Text data" Dim num As Integer = 123 Dim binWriter As New BinaryWriter(File.OpenWrite("c:\myfile.dat"))  binWriter.Write(str)  binWriter.Write(num)  binWriter.Close() ' Read from binary file Dim binReader As New BinaryReader(File.OpenRead("c:\myfile.dat")) str = binReader.ReadString() num = binReader.ReadInt32() binReader.Close()	using System.IO; // Write out to text file StreamWriter writer = File.CreateText("c:\\myfile.txt"); writer.WriteLine("Out to file."); writer.Close(); // Read all lines from text file StreamReader reader = File.OpenText("c:\\myfile.txt"); string line = reader.ReadLine(); while (line != null) {   Console.WriteLine(line);   line = reader.ReadLine(); } reader.Close(); // Write out to binary file string str = "Text data"; int num = 123; BinaryWriter binWriter = new BinaryWriter(File.OpenWrite("c:\\myfile.dat")); binWriter.Write(str); binWriter.Write(num); binWriter.Close(); // Read from binary file BinaryReader binReader = new BinaryReader(File.OpenRead("c:\\myfile.dat")); str = binReader.ReadString(); num = binReader.ReadInt32(); binReader.Close();