1.yield:
让步,表示当前线程愿意让出CPU资源给其他线程。而这种让步,不是绝对的,有可能执行了yield方法后,当前线程并没有真正让出CPU资源。
/**
* A hint to the scheduler that the current thread is willing to yield
* its current use of a processor. The scheduler is free to ignore this
* hint.
*
* <p> Yield is a heuristic attempt to improve relative progression
* between threads that would otherwise over-utilise a CPU. Its use
* should be combined with detailed profiling and benchmarking to
* ensure that it actually has the desired effect.
*
* <p> It is rarely appropriate to use this method. It may be useful
* for debugging or testing purposes, where it may help to reproduce
* bugs due to race conditions. It may also be useful when designing
* concurrency control constructs such as the ones in the
* {@link java.util.concurrent.locks} package.
*/
public static native void yield();
2.join:
在某个位置等待一个线程执行超过某个时间或直到结束,可被中断。
public final synchronized void join(long millis)
throws InterruptedException {
long base = System.currentTimeMillis();
long now = 0;
if (millis < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeout value is negative");
}
if (millis == 0) { // 如果millis为0,则一直等待,直到等待的线程结束
while (isAlive()) {
wait(0);
}
} else {
while (isAlive()) {
long delay = millis - now;
if (delay <= 0) {
break;
}
wait(delay);
now = System.currentTimeMillis() - base; // 减小误差
}
}
}
3.start:
开始一个线程的执行,不能重复调用start。调用此方法后,由JVM执行线程的run方法。直接调用run方法,相当于在调用线程中顺序执行,而不是开启一个新线程。
public synchronized void start() {
if (threadStatus != 0)
throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
group.add(this);
boolean started = false;
try {
start0();
started = true;
} finally {
try {
if (!started) {
group.threadStartFailed(this);
}
} catch (Throwable ignore) {
/* do nothing. */
}
}
}
private native void start0();
4.sleep:
令当前线程睡眠(暂定)一定时间。不释放锁,可被中断。常用的是TimeUnit中的sleep方法(实际上就是调用Thread的sleep方法)。
public static native void sleep(long millis) throws InterruptedException;
Java线程中有10个优先级(1-10),对应不同操作系统支持的不同优先级。可通过setPriority方法设置线程优先级。某些平台上线程优先级可能不会发生作用。Thread中定义了三个优先级静态变量。
public final static int MIN_PRIORITY = 1; // 最小优先级
public final static int NORM_PRIORITY = 5; // 默认优先级
public final static int MAX_PRIORITY = 10; // 最大优先级
Java中有用户线程和守护线程,平时我们创建的线程都是用户线程,守护线程用来做一些并非必不可少的支持性后台工作。当所有用户线程结束后,程序退出,即使存在尚未执行完毕的守护线程,会导致守护线程中finally代码块不执行。默认创建的线程都是用户线程,可以在start方法前通过setDaemon方法设置守护线程。在守护线程中创建的子线程默认也是守护线程。
public class ThreadDemo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Thread t = new Thread(() -> {
while (true) { // 无限循环,一秒打印一次线程名
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
System.out.println("daemon thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
break;
}
}
});
t.setDaemon(true); // 设置为守护进程
t.start();
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5); // 主线程运行五秒后结束,不会等待其他守护线程结束程序就终止。
}
}
7.中断:
线程中断是指给线程设置中断标志。进入或正在某些阻塞方法(如sleep、Object.wait、join)上等待时,通过interrupt()方法设置中断标志会导致该线程抛出异常(InterrupteddException)并清空中断标志。interrupted()方法返回当前线程是否中断,如果是,返回true并清空中断标志。isInterrupted()方法仅返回是否中断,不会清空中断标志。
8.线程异常捕获:
public class ThreadDemo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Thread t = new Thread(() -> {
while (!Thread.interrupted()) { // 检测当前线程是否被中断
long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
while (System.currentTimeMillis() - now < 1000L) {
// 自旋一秒
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
System.out.println("thread has bean interrupter. now: " + Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()); // false,中断标志已经被清空
});
t.start();
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
t.interrupt(); // 设置线程中断标志
}
}
8.线程异常捕获:
线程中异常不能在run方法之外捕获。Java提供了UncaughtExceptionHandler接口帮助我们处理异常。
class MyUncaughtExceptionHandler implements Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler {
@Override
public void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e) {
System.out.println("exception from thread: " + t);
System.out.println("exception msg: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
public class ThreadDemo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Thread t = new Thread(() -> {
throw new RuntimeException("runtime exception!");
});
t.setUncaughtExceptionHandler(new MyUncaughtExceptionHandler());
t.start();
}
}