[leetcode] 36. 有效的数独

题目描述

请你判断一个 9 x 9 的数独是否有效。只需要 根据以下规则 ，验证已经填入的数字是否有效即可。

数字 1-9 在每一行只能出现一次。
数字 1-9 在每一列只能出现一次。
数字 1-9 在每一个以粗实线分隔的 3x3 宫内只能出现一次。（请参考示例图）

注意：

• 一个有效的数独（部分已被填充）不一定是可解的。
• 只需要根据以上规则，验证已经填入的数字是否有效即可。
• 空白格用 '.' 表示。

示例 1：

输入：board = 
[["5","3",".",".","7",".",".",".","."]
,["6",".",".","1","9","5",".",".","."]
,[".","9","8",".",".",".",".","6","."]
,["8",".",".",".","6",".",".",".","3"]
,["4",".",".","8",".","3",".",".","1"]
,["7",".",".",".","2",".",".",".","6"]
,[".","6",".",".",".",".","2","8","."]
,[".",".",".","4","1","9",".",".","5"]
,[".",".",".",".","8",".",".","7","9"]]
输出：true

示例 2：

输入：board = 
[["8","3",".",".","7",".",".",".","."]
,["6",".",".","1","9","5",".",".","."]
,[".","9","8",".",".",".",".","6","."]
,["8",".",".",".","6",".",".",".","3"]
,["4",".",".","8",".","3",".",".","1"]
,["7",".",".",".","2",".",".",".","6"]
,[".","6",".",".",".",".","2","8","."]
,[".",".",".","4","1","9",".",".","5"]
,[".",".",".",".","8",".",".","7","9"]]
输出：false
解释：除了第一行的第一个数字从 5 改为 8 以外，空格内其他数字均与 示例1 相同。 但由于位于左上角的 3x3 宫内有两个 8 存在, 因此这个数独是无效的。

提示：

• board.length == 9
• board[i].length == 9
• board[i][j] 是一位数字（1-9）或者 '.'

解题方法

模拟

已知数独验证规则，那我们只需要按照规则条件模拟一下该数组是否是有效数独。
可参考后续java代码。

• rows[9][9]记录每一行出现的数字，验证每一行是否有效；
• columns[9][9]记录每一列出现的数字，验证每一列是否有效；
• boxes[3][3][9]记录3x3 宫内出现的数字，验证每一个3x3 宫是否有效。

java代码

public boolean isValidSudoku(char[][] board) {
    int[][] rows = new int[9][9];
    int[][] columns = new int[9][9];
    int[][][] boxes = new int[3][3][9];
    for (int i = 0; i < board.length; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < board[i].length; j++) {
            if (board[i][j] == '.') {
                continue;
            }
            int num = board[i][j] - '1';
            rows[i][num]++;
            columns[j][num]++;
            boxes[i / 3][j / 3][num]++;
            if (rows[i][num] > 1 || columns[j][num] > 1 || boxes[i / 3][j / 3][num] > 1) {
                return false;
            }
        }
    }
    return true;
}

复杂度分析

时间复杂度：$O(1)$，只需要遍历一次9x9 字符数组。
空间复杂度：$O(1)$，只需要提供常数级别的数组空间。

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