（十二）SQL | 数据查询语言DQL | 执行顺序

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我们前几篇学习的是DQL的编写语句，那么DQL的执行顺序是什么呢？

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执行顺序

• 编写顺序（SFWGHOL）：SELECT … FROM … WHERE … GROUP BY … HAVING … ORDER BY … LIMIT …
• 执行顺序（FWGHSOL）：FROM … WHERE … GROUP BY … HAVING … SELECT … ORDER BY … LIMIT …

 接下来验证一下：

数据库：world（MySQL自带），数据表：city（MySQL自带）

-- where
select countrycode as cc, name as nm from city 
where name like 'a%'
order by countrycode;  -- 正常执行

select countrycode as cc, name as nm from city 
where nm like 'a%'  -- 换成别名
order by countrycode;  -- 报错 

-- group by
select countrycode as cc, avg(population) as avg_populaiton from city 
group by countrycode
order by countrycode;  -- 正常执行 

select countrycode as cc, avg(population) as avg_populaiton from city 
group by cc  -- 换成别名 
order by countrycode;  -- 报错

-- order by
select countrycode as cc, name as nm from city 
where name like 'a%'
order by cc;  -- 换成别名，正常执行

1. where和group by使用别名时会报错！因为它们在select之前执行！order by使用别名则不会报错！
2. Error Code: 1054. Unknown column 'nm' in 'where clause'
3. MySQL中做了优化，group by后面使用别名，程序不会报错。

不总结=白学 

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THE END

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