全网多种方法解决error: failed to push some refs to ‘xxx‘

1. 复现错误

今天使用git status查看文件状态，发现有一个文件未提交，如下代码所示：

D:\project\test>git status
On branch master
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/master'.

Untracked files:
  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
        src/main/java/xxx/po/test.java

nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)

既然未提交，则首先使用git add将当前目录下修改的代码，从工作区添加到暂存区，如下代码所示：

D:\project\test>git add  src/main/java/xxx/po/test.java

接着使用git commit将缓存区内容添加到本地仓库，如下代码所示：

D:\project\test>git commit -m "test"
[master 0b983e7] test
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 src/main/test/po/test.java

但使用git push origin master 将本地版本库推送到远程服务器时，却报出如下错误：

D:\project\test>git push
warning: ----------------- SECURITY WARNING ----------------
warning: | TLS certificate verification has been disabled! |
warning: ---------------------------------------------------
warning: HTTPS connections may not be secure. See https://aka.ms/gcmcore-tlsverify for more information.
warning: ----------------- SECURITY WARNING ----------------
warning: | TLS certificate verification has been disabled! |
warning: ---------------------------------------------------
warning: HTTPS connections may not be secure. See https://aka.ms/gcmcore-tlsverify for more information.
To https:xxx/test.git
 ! [rejected]        master -> master (fetch first)
error: failed to push some refs to 'https:xxx/test.git'
hint: Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do
hint: not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing
hint: to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes
hint: (e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.
hint: See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.

即failed to push some refs to 'https:xxx/test.git'。

2. 分析错误

failed to push some refs to 'https:xxx/test.git' 翻译成中文就是未能将某些引用推送到“https：xxx/test.git”

换句话说，我们想把自己本地的某个项目，关联到远程仓库并推送上去，但为什么报这个错误呢？

原来，我们在创建仓库时，都会勾选使用Reamdme文件初始化这个仓库这个操作，初始了一个README文件，并配置添加了忽略文件：

当点击创建仓库时，它会帮我们做一次初始提交。

于是，我们的仓库就有了README.m和.gitignore文件。

接着，我们把本地项目关联到这个仓库，并把项目推送到仓库时。

我们在关联本地与远程时，两端都是有内容的，但这两份内容并没有联系。

当我们推送到远程或者从远程拉取内容时，都会存在没有被跟踪的内容。

于是，你看git报的详细错误中，总是会让你先拉取再推送，如下图所示：

3. 解决错误

既然需要先拉取，再推送，便可以使用如下解决方法。

1. 首先，使用git pull --rebase origin master命令拉取，如下代码所示：

D:\project\test>git pull --rebase origin master

warning: ----------------- SECURITY WARNING ----------------
warning: | TLS certificate verification has been disabled! |
warning: ---------------------------------------------------
warning: HTTPS connections may not be secure. See https://aka.ms/gcmcore-tlsverify for more information.
warning: ----------------- SECURITY WARNING ----------------
warning: | TLS certificate verification has been disabled! |
warning: ---------------------------------------------------
warning: HTTPS connections may not be secure. See https://aka.ms/gcmcore-tlsverify for more information.
remote: Counting objects: 33, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (25/25), done.
remote: Total 33 (delta 5), reused 0 (delta 0)
Unpacking objects: 100% (33/33), 23.26 KiB | 58.00 KiB/s, done.
From https:xxx/test
 * branch            master     -> FETCH_HEAD
   453fc37..97defce  master     -> origin/master
Successfully rebased and updated refs/heads/master.

2. 接着，使用git push -u origin master命令上传代码，如下代码所示：

D:\project\test>git push -u origin master

warning: ----------------- SECURITY WARNING ----------------
warning: | TLS certificate verification has been disabled! |
warning: ---------------------------------------------------
warning: HTTPS connections may not be secure. See https://aka.ms/gcmcore-tlsverify for more information.
warning: ----------------- SECURITY WARNING ----------------
warning: | TLS certificate verification has been disabled! |
warning: ---------------------------------------------------
warning: HTTPS connections may not be secure. See https://aka.ms/gcmcore-tlsverify for more information.
Enumerating objects: 22, done.
Counting objects: 100% (22/22), done.
Delta compression using up to 12 threads
Compressing objects: 100% (8/8), done.
Writing objects: 100% (12/12), 898 bytes | 898.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 12 (delta 3), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
To https:xxx/test.git
   97defce..c60a6e6  master -> master
Branch 'master' set up to track remote branch 'master' from 'origin'.

如此，便可以推送成功。

如果这种解决方法无法解决你的错误，可以参考如下解决方法。

4. 解决该错误的其他方法

想要避免这种问题，就要保持创建的仓库是一个空仓库，什么都没有。

也就是在创建仓库时，不要勾选使用Readme文件初始化这个仓库，如下图所示：

然后，克隆下来使用，下次要推送，即可直接推送。

如果这两种方法都无法解决你的错误，烦请在评论区留言。