现在我们假设只有一个table,名为pages,有四个字段,id, url,title,body。里面储存了很多网页,网页的url地址,title和网页的内容,然后你用一个sql查询将url匹配的排在最前, title匹配的其次,body匹配最后,没有任何字段匹配的,不返回。
就是上面这道面试题,让我想了一个下午,在网上找资料,最后用下面方法实现
SELECT * FROM page where url like '%baidu%' or title like '%baidu%' or like '' ORDER BY CHARINDEX('baidu', url) DESC, CHARINDEX('baidu', title) DESC, CHARINDEX('baidu', body) DESC |
但我感觉这种方法并不是最简单的,后来把这个方法发给面试的人,他给我了一种更简单方法,只要用基本的Sql语句就可以实现。代码如下
select a.[id],a.mark from ( select [page].[id],100 as mark from [page] where [page].[url] like '%baidu%' union select [page].[id],50 as mark from [page] where [page].[title] like '%baidu%' union select [page].[id],10 as mark from [page] where [page].[body] like '%baidu%' ) as a order by mark desc |
用union 实现联合查询,在每个查询语句中定义一个临时变量mark 并给mark赋值,在最后的输出时采用mark来排序,这样实现,非常简单,我感觉这题更多考研我们的编程思想。
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
题目1:
======
为管理岗位业务培训信息,建立3个表:
S (S#,SN,SD,SA) S#,SN,SD,SA 分别代表学号、学员姓名、所属单位、学员年龄
C (C#,CN ) C#,CN 分别代表课程编号、课程名称
SC ( S#,C#,G ) S#,C#,G 分别代表学号、所选修的课程编号、学习成绩
1. 使用标准SQL嵌套语句查询选修课程名称为 税收基础 的学员学号和姓名
Where [S#] IN ( Select [S#] FROM C,SC
Where C.[C#]=SC.[C#] AND CN=N'税收基础')
2. 使用标准SQL嵌套语句查询选修课程编号为’C2’的学员姓名和所属单位
Where S. [ S# ] = SC. [ S# ] AND SC. [ C# ] = ' C2 '
3. 使用标准SQL嵌套语句查询不选修课程编号为’C5’的学员姓名和所属单位
Where [ S# ] NOT IN
( Select [ S# ] FROM SC
Where [ C# ] = ' C5 ' )
4. 使用标准SQL嵌套语句查询选修全部课程的学员姓名和所属单位
Select SN,SD FROM S
Where [S#] IN ( Select [S#] FROM SC RIGHT JOIN
C ON SC.[C#]=C.[C#]
GROUP BY [S#]
HAVING COUNT(*)=COUNT([S#] ) )
经过调试验证的正确答案:
SELECT SN, SD FROM S
WHERE S#
IN ( SELECT SC.S#
FROM SC RIGHT JOIN C
ON SC.C# = C.C#
GROUP BY SC.S# -- 在结果集中以学生分组,分组后的 SC.C#选课数=C.C#课程数 即为全部课程
HAVING COUNT ( distinct (SC.C#)) -- 注意:一个学生同一门课程可能有多条成绩记录,需要distinct
= ( select count ( * ) from C ) -- 注意:HAVING条件不能用COUNT(distinct(SC.C#)) = COUNT(distinct(C.C#)
)--子查询获得选修全部课程的学生学号
5. 查询选修了课程的学员人数
6. 查询选修课程超过5门的学员学号和所属单位
Where [ S# ] IN ( Select [ S# ] FROM SC
GROUP BY [ S# ]
HAVING COUNT ( DISTINCT [ C# ] ) > 5 )
题目2:
======
已知关系模式:
S (SNO,SNAME) 学生关系。SNO 为学号,SNAME 为姓名
C (CNO,CNAME,CTEACHER) 课程关系。CNO 为课程号,CNAME 为课程名,CTEACHER 为任课教师
SC(SNO,CNO,SCGRADE) 选课关系。SCGRADE 为成绩
1. 找出没有选修过“李明”老师讲授课程的所有学生姓名
Where NOT EXISTS ( Select * FROM SC,C
Where SC.CNO = C.CNO
AND CNAME = ' 李明 '
AND SC.SNO = S.SNO)
2. 列出有二门以上(含两门)不及格课程的学生姓名及其平均成绩
FROM S , SC ,
( Select SNO FROM SC
Where SCGRADE < 60
GROUP BY SNO
HAVING COUNT ( DISTINCT CNO) >= 2 ) A
Where S.SNO = A.SNO AND SC.SNO = A.SNO
GROUP BY S.SNO,S.SNAME
3. 列出既学过“1”号课程,又学过“2”号课程的所有学生姓名
FROM S,
( Select SC.SNO FROM SC,C
Where SC.CNO = C.CNO
AND C.CNAME IN ( ' 1 ' , ' 2 ' )
GROUP BY SNO
HAVING COUNT ( DISTINCT CNO) = 2
)SC
Where S.SNO = SC.SNO
4. 列出“1”号课成绩比“2”号同学该门课成绩高的所有学生的学号
FROM S,
( Select SC1.SNO FROM SC SC1,C C1,SC SC2,C C2
Where SC1.CNO = C1.CNO AND C1.NAME = ' 1 '
AND SC2.CNO = C2.CNO AND C2.NAME = ' 2 '
AND SC1.SCGRADE > SC2.SCGRADE ) SC
Where S.SNO = SC.SNO
5. 列出“1”号课成绩比“2”号课成绩高的所有学生的学号及其“1”号课和“2”号课的成绩
FROM S,
( Select SC1.SNO, [ 1号课成绩 ] = SC1.SCGRADE, [ 2号课成绩 ] = SC2.SCGRADE
FROM SC SC1,C C1,SC SC2,C C2
Where SC1.CNO = C1.CNO AND C1.NAME = ' 1 '
AND SC2.CNO = C2.CNO AND C2.NAME = ' 2 '
AND SC1.SCGRADE > SC2.SCGRADE) SC
Where S.SNO = SC.SNO
题目3:
======
有如下表记录:
ID Name EmailAddress LastLogon
100 test4 test4@yahoo.cn 2007-11-25 16:31:26
13 test1 test1@yahoo.cn 2007-3-22 16:27:07
19 test1 test1@yahoo.cn 2007-10-25 14:13:46
42 test1 test1@yahoo.cn 2007-11-20 14:20:10
45 test2 test2@yahoo.cn 2007-4-25 14:17:39
49 test2 test2@yahoo.cn 2007-5-25 14:22:36
用一句sql查询出每个用户最近一次登录的记录(每个用户只显示一条最近登录的记录)
SELECT a. * from users a inner join
( SELECT [ Name ] , LastLogon = MAX (LastLogon) FROM users GROUP BY [ Name ] ) b
on a. [ Name ] = b. [ Name ] and a. [ LastLogon ] = b. [ LastLogon ]
方法二:
SELECT a. * from users a inner join
( SELECT Name, MAX (LogonID) LogonID FROM users GROUP BY [ Name ] ) b
on a.LogonID = b.LogonID
-- where a.LogonId=b.LogonId