java设计模式(五)—命令模式

1.概念：

      将请求封装成“对象”，以便使用不同的请求，队列，或者日志来参数化其它对象。命令模式也支持可撤销操作。

      自己理解：在特定接收者上绑定一组动作来封装一个请求（成为对象），并只暴露出一个execute()方法。然后将该对象做为参数传给其它类或对象（调用者），当调用者调用execute()的时候，接收者就会进行相应的动作。

2.作用

     一个命令对象通过在特定接收者上绑定一组动作来封装一个请求。要达到这一点，命令对象将动作和接收者包进对象中。这个对象只暴露出一个execute()方法，当此方法被调用的时候，接收者就会进行这些动作。

     要点：

      (1)命令模式将发出请求的对象和执行请求的对象解耦。

      (2)在被解耦的两者之间是通过命令对象进行沟通的。命令对象封装了接收者和一个或一组对作。

      (3)调用者通过调用命令对象的exceute()发出请求，这会使得接收者的动作被调用。

      (4)调用者会接收命令做为参数，甚至在运行时动态的进行。

3.依赖原则

   (1)封装变化

   (2)多用组合，少用继承

   (3)针对接口编程，而不是具体的实现

   (4)为交互对象之间的松耦合设计而努力

   (5)类应该对扩展开放，对修改关闭

   (6)依赖抽象，不依赖具体类

4.具体实现

   4.1 类图

        

     4.2 代码实现

       

//测试类，代表客户
package test;

import invoke.RemoteControl;
import receiver.GarageDoor;
import receiver.Light;
import command.GarageDoorCloseCommand;
import command.GarageDoorOpenCommand;
import command.LightOffCommand;
import command.LightOnCommand;

public class RemoteLoader {

	
	public static void main(String args[]){
		RemoteControl remoteControl = new RemoteControl();
		Light light = new Light();
		LightOnCommand lightOnCommand = new LightOnCommand(light);
		LightOffCommand lightOffCommand = new LightOffCommand(light);
        remoteControl.setCommand(0, lightOnCommand, lightOffCommand);
        remoteControl.onButtonwasPressed(0);
        remoteControl.offButtonwasPressed(0);
        
        GarageDoor garageDoor = new GarageDoor();
        GarageDoorOpenCommand garageDoorOpenCommand = new GarageDoorOpenCommand(garageDoor);
        GarageDoorCloseCommand garageDoorCloseCommand = new GarageDoorCloseCommand(garageDoor);
        remoteControl.setCommand(1, garageDoorOpenCommand, garageDoorCloseCommand);
        remoteControl.onButtonwasPressed(1);
        remoteControl.offButtonwasPressed(1);
	}
}


//接收者
package receiver;

public class GarageDoor {

	public GarageDoor() {

	}

	public void open() {
		System.out.println("grageDoor is open");
	}

	public void close() {
		System.out.println("grageDoor is close");

	}

}

//接收者
package receiver;

public class Light {

	public Light() {

	}

	public void on() {
		System.out.println("light is on");
	}

	public void off() {
		System.out.println("light is off");
	}

}

//调用者
package invoke;

import command.Command;
import command.NoCommand;

public class RemoteControl {
	
	Command[] onCommands;
	Command[] offCommands;
	
	
	public RemoteControl(){
		onCommands = new Command[7];
		offCommands = new Command[7];
		for(int i=0;i<7;i++){
			onCommands[i] = new NoCommand();	
		    offCommands[i] = new NoCommand();
		}
		
		
	}
	public void setCommand(int i ,Command onCommand,Command offCommand) {
		onCommands[i] = onCommand;
		offCommands[i] = offCommand;
	}
	public void onButtonwasPressed(int i) {
		onCommands[i].execute();
	}
	public void offButtonwasPressed(int i){
		offCommands[i].execute();
	}
}




//命令对象：封装接收者和执行动作。
package command;

public interface Command {
	public void execute();
}

package command;

import receiver.GarageDoor;

public class GarageDoorCloseCommand implements Command {

	GarageDoor garageDoor;

	public GarageDoorCloseCommand(GarageDoor garageDoor) {
		this.garageDoor = garageDoor;
	}

	@Override
	public void execute() {
		garageDoor.close();
	}

}
package command;

import receiver.GarageDoor;

public class GarageDoorOpenCommand implements Command {

	GarageDoor garageDoor;

	public GarageDoorOpenCommand(GarageDoor garageDoor) {
		this.garageDoor = garageDoor;
	}

	@Override
	public void execute() {
		garageDoor.open();
	}

}
package command;

import receiver.Light;

public class LightOffCommand implements Command {

	Light light;

	public LightOffCommand(Light light) {
		this.light = light;
	}

	public void execute() {
		light.off();
	}

}
package command;

import receiver.Light;

public class LightOnCommand implements Command {

	Light light;

	public LightOnCommand(Light light) {
		this.light = light;
	}

	public void execute() {
		light.on();
	}

}

package command;

public class NoCommand implements Command {

	@Override
	public void execute() {
		System.out.println("no");
	}

}