field symbol的使用

本文介绍了ABAP中Fieldsymbol的概念及其与Casting结合使用的应用场景。详细解释了Fieldsymbol作为dereferenced指针的作用,以及如何确保分配给它的变量类型兼容。通过实例展示了如何使用Casting将不同类型变量分配给Fieldsymbol,并演示了在实际编程中的具体应用。

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Field symbol:用来访问分配给他的变量,任何对于field symbol的操作等同于对其分配变量的操作,field symbol可看作是dereferenced指针,只能对其指向的内容进行操作,即其只有值属性。可以通过给field symbol指定type那么就保证了只有兼容的变量可以分配给他。用语句<fs> IS ASSIGNED用来判断field symbol是否被分配,通过unassign <fs><fs>points nothing。可以通过casting把一个不同类型的变量分配给一个<fs>。通过field symbol来访问这个变量时,这个变量就被认为是field symbol所具有的类型了。举例如下:

REPORT  ZTESTFSCAST.
TYPESBEGIN OF st_date,
         year(
4)  TYPE c,
         month(
2TYPE c,
         day(
2)   TYPE c,
       
END OF st_date.
*FIELD-SYMBOLS <fs> TYPE st_date.
FIELD-SYMBOLS <fs> TYPE ANY.
FIELD-SYMBOLS <fd> TYPE ANY.
*ASSIGN sy-datum TO <fs> CASTING.
ASSIGN sy-datum TO <fs> CASTING TYPE st_date.

*WRITE: <fs>-year,
*       <fs>-month,
*       <fs>-day.
DO.
  
ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE <fs> TO <fd>.
  
IF sy-subrc <> 0.
    
EXIT.
  
ENDIF.
  
WRITE:/ <fd>.
ENDDO.

不过在使用CASTING TYPE时,就不能静态指定其包含的component了如例。CASTING TYPE的应用实例如下:

REPORT  ZTESTFSCASTTYPE.
PARAMETERS: p_tabam TYPE dd02l-tabname OBLIGATORY.
DATAline(65535TYPE c.
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <fs_line> TYPE ANY,
               <fd> 
TYPE ANY.
ASSIGN line TO <fs_line> CASTING TYPE (p_tabam).
SELECT * FROM (p_tabam) INTO <fs_line>.
  
DO.
    
ASSIGN COMPONENT sy-index OF STRUCTURE <fs_line> TO <fd>.
    
IF sy-subrc <> 0 OR sy-index > 5.
      
WRITE'|'.
      
EXIT.
    
ENDIF.
    
WRITE'|'.
    
WRITE: <fd>.

  
ENDDO.
  
ULINE.
ENDSELECT.

### SAP Field Symbols in ABAP Programming Field symbols in ABAP represent placeholders that can point to any data object during runtime without occupying storage space themselves. These symbols allow dynamic referencing of variables or fields within a program, enhancing flexibility and efficiency. A field symbol must be declared with its type before being used. The declaration specifies whether the field symbol will reference elementary types, structured types, internal tables, etc., but not which specific variable it points to initially. This is done using the `ASSIGN` statement at runtime[^1]. The syntax for declaring a field symbol includes specifying its name preceded by `<`, followed by `TYPE` along with either a predefined ABAP type like `I` (integer), `STRING`, structure components, table work areas, or even generic references such as `ANY`. For example: ```abap FIELD-SYMBOLS: <fs_string> TYPE string, <fs_table> TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF spfli. ``` To assign a value to a field symbol, one uses the `ASSIGN` command followed by the target variable's address (`&`) or directly when dealing with static identifiers. Once assigned, operations performed on the field symbol affect the actual referenced memory location rather than creating new copies of data objects. Using field symbols offers several advantages including improved performance due to reduced copying overheads; increased code readability through abstracting away complex structures into simpler aliases; easier maintenance since changes only need to occur once where assignments take place instead of multiple hard-coded locations throughout the source listing[^2]. However, caution should always accompany their application because improper handling may lead to unexpected behavior if pointers become invalid after certain modifications elsewhere in the calling context—such scenarios could result from deleting records pointed-to by these symbolic links while they remain active inside loops iterating over collections containing them[^3].
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