Codeforces Round #316 (Div. 2) E. Pig and Palindromes、HDU 5617 Jam's maze（dp）

题意:

$给定N*M, N,M\le500的字母迷宫, 从(1,1)出发去(n,m), 只能向右和向下走$
$问路径形成的字符串是回文串的路径有多少, 答案对MOD取模$

分析:

$考虑有2个人分别从(1,1)和(n,m)同时出发, 在中间相遇$
$考虑状态f[x1][y1][x2][y2]:=第1个人到(x1,y1),第2个人到(x2,y2)符合条件的路径数$
$显然O(n^4)会T, 考虑一个常见优化, 由于2个人走的步数是相同的, 只要记录步数以及x坐标就可以算出对应的y坐标了$
$新的状态f[i][x1][x2]:=2个人走了i步, 且第1个人的x坐标为x1, 第2个人的为x2, 的符合条件的路径数$
$转移就枚举, 第1个人向右向下, 第2个人向上向左, 4种转移即可$
$统计答案的时候需要枚举相遇的点,显然ans+=\sum_{i=1}^nf[step][i][i]$
$但是对于路径步数是偶数的, 还可以ans+=\sum_{i=1}^nf[step][i][i+1]$
$O(n^3)的空间会炸, 滚动数组优化一下就好了$

代码:

//
//  Created by TaoSama on 2016-01-30
//  Copyright (c) 2015 TaoSama. All rights reserved.
//
#pragma comment(linker, "/STACK:1024000000,1024000000")
#include <algorithm>
#include <cctype>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <queue>
#include <string>
#include <set>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;
#define pr(x) cout << #x << " = " << x << "  "
#define prln(x) cout << #x << " = " << x << endl
const int N = 500 + 10, INF = 0x3f3f3f3f, MOD = 1e9 + 7;

int n, m;
char s[N][N];
int f[2][N][N];

void add(int &x, int y) {
    if((x += y) >= MOD) x -= MOD;
}

int main() {
#ifdef LOCAL
    freopen("C:\\Users\\TaoSama\\Desktop\\in.txt", "r", stdin);
//  freopen("C:\\Users\\TaoSama\\Desktop\\out.txt","w",stdout);
#endif
    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0);

    while(scanf("%d%d", &n, &m) == 2) {
        for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) scanf("%s", s[i] + 1);

        int p = 0;
        memset(f[p], 0, sizeof f[p]);
        f[p][1][n] = s[1][1] == s[n][m];
        int step = (n + m - 2) / 2;
        for(int i = 1; i <= step; ++i) {
            memset(f[!p], 0, sizeof f[!p]);
            for(int x1 = 1; x1 <= i + 1; ++x1) {
                for(int x2 = n; x2 >= n - i; --x2) {
                    int y1 = i + 2 - x1, y2 = n + m - i - x2;
                    if(s[x1][y1] != s[x2][y2]) continue;
                    add(f[!p][x1][x2], f[p][x1][x2]);
                    add(f[!p][x1][x2], f[p][x1][x2 + 1]);
                    add(f[!p][x1][x2], f[p][x1 - 1][x2]);
                    add(f[!p][x1][x2], f[p][x1 - 1][x2 + 1]);
                }
            }
            p = !p;
        }
        int ans = 0;
        for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
            add(ans, f[p][i][i]);
            if(n + m & 1) add(ans, f[p][i][i + 1]);
        }
        printf("%d\n", ans);
    }
    return 0;
}

---

$HDU这个题是弱化版, 不用考虑路径长度是偶数的情况$

代码:

//
//  Created by TaoSama on 2016-01-30
//  Copyright (c) 2015 TaoSama. All rights reserved.
//
#pragma comment(linker, "/STACK:1024000000,1024000000")
#include <algorithm>
#include <cctype>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <queue>
#include <string>
#include <set>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;
#define pr(x) cout << #x << " = " << x << "  "
#define prln(x) cout << #x << " = " << x << endl
const int N = 500 + 10, INF = 0x3f3f3f3f, MOD = 5201314;

int n, m;
char s[N][N];
int f[2][N][N];

void add(int &x, int y) {
    if((x += y) >= MOD) x -= MOD;
}

int main() {
#ifdef LOCAL
    freopen("C:\\Users\\TaoSama\\Desktop\\in.txt", "r", stdin);
//  freopen("C:\\Users\\TaoSama\\Desktop\\out.txt","w",stdout);
#endif
    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0);

    int t; scanf("%d", &t);
    while(t--) {
        scanf("%d", &n);
        for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) scanf("%s", s[i] + 1);

        int p = 0;
        memset(f[p], 0, sizeof f[p]);
        f[p][1][n] = s[1][1] == s[n][n];
        for(int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
            memset(f[!p], 0, sizeof f[!p]);
            for(int x1 = 1; x1 <= i + 1; ++x1) {
                for(int x2 = n; x2 >= n - i; --x2) {
                    int y1 = i + 2 - x1, y2 = 2 * n - i - x2;
                    if(s[x1][y1] != s[x2][y2]) continue;
                    add(f[!p][x1][x2], f[p][x1][x2]);
                    add(f[!p][x1][x2], f[p][x1][x2 + 1]);
                    add(f[!p][x1][x2], f[p][x1 - 1][x2]);
                    add(f[!p][x1][x2], f[p][x1 - 1][x2 + 1]);
                }
            }
            p = !p;
        }
        int ans = 0;
        for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) add(ans, f[p][i][i]);
        printf("%d\n", ans);
    }
    return 0;
}