JDBC入门

JDBC操作数据库的步骤:

1. 注册数据库驱动

2. 创建并获取数据库连接

3. 定义sql语句

4. 获得statement预处理对象

5. 执行sql语句,处理结果集

6. 释放资源

查询:

public static void main(String[] args) {
            Connection connection = null;
            PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
            ResultSet resultSet = null;

            try {
                //加载数据库驱动
                Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

                //通过驱动管理类获取数据库链接
                connection =  DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?characterEncoding=utf-8", "root", "root");
                //定义sql语句 ?表示占位符
            String sql = "select * from user where username = ?";
                //获取预处理statement
                preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
                //设置参数，第一个参数为sql语句中参数的序号（从1开始），第二个参数为设置的参数值
                preparedStatement.setString(1, "王五");
                //向数据库发出sql执行查询，查询出结果集
                resultSet =  preparedStatement.executeQuery();
                //遍历查询结果集
                while(resultSet.next()){
                    System.out.println(resultSet.getString("id")+"  "+resultSet.getString("username"));
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }finally{
                //释放资源
                if(resultSet!=null){
                    try {
                        resultSet.close();
                    } catch (SQLException e) {
                        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                if(preparedStatement!=null){
                    try {
                        preparedStatement.close();
                    } catch (SQLException e) {
                        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                if(connection!=null){
                    try {
                        connection.close();
                    } catch (SQLException e) {
                        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }

            }

        }

---

插入:

    public void testJDBC() throws Exception{
        //1. 加载数据库驱动
        Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        //2. 创建并获取数据库链接
        Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test1?characterEncoding=utf-8","root","123456");
        //4. 设置sql语句
        String sql = "insert into user_info( userName, userNo,studentId,studentName, isOnSchool, colorImage, colorLen, grayImage, grayLen, updateTime, permission) values(?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?,?,?)";
        //3. 创建statement对象
        PreparedStatement statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
        //5. 设置sql参数
        statement.setString(1, "1");
        statement.setString(2, "2");
        statement.setString(3, "3");
        statement.setString(4, "4");
        statement.setInt(5, 5);
        statement.setString(6, "6");
        statement.setInt(7, 7);
        statement.setString(8, "8");
        statement.setInt(9, 9);
        statement.setString(10, "10");
        statement.setInt(11, 11);
        statement.executeUpdate();
        //8. 释放资源
        statement.close();
        connection.close();
    }

JDBC操作数据库的缺点:

1. 数据库连接的创建, 释放频繁造成系统资源浪费从而影响系统性能, 如果使用连接池可以解决此问题.
2. sql语句, 参数, 结果集解析等在代码中存在硬编码问题, 不易维护, 实际应用他们变化较大.