C#如何发布符合 .NET Framework 准则的事件

最近项目需要，需要用到.NET框架，C#，以前没有接触过，勉强学学，感觉还行，学习起来不是很难。

最近学校“事件”，其中经典的就是pub-sub模型，在.NET中，有一种方法叫做委托，关键字delegate，这种方式有点类似于接口，但是比借口更加灵活，因为delegate支持广播效果，重载了很多操作父，比如+=,+,-=等，操作起来非常方便。

在pub中，声明一个delegate handler，定义好签名（也就是参数设置），在sub中，我们把pub作为参数传递给sub，并且sub自己主动向pub的handler注册自己的方法（这里可以理解为C中的回掉函数），这样pub需要广播时，直接调用handler就行，而不需要关注是谁注册了handler。

其中C#中EventHandler就是一个delegate，在pub创建一个EventHandler属性，sub中给这个属性赋值就行。

代码如下：

namespace DotNetEvents
{
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;

    // Define a class to hold custom event info
    public class CustomEventArgs : EventArgs
    {
        public CustomEventArgs(string s)
        {
            message = s;
        }
        private string message;

        public string Message
        {
            get { return message; }
            set { message = value; }
        }
    }

    // Class that publishes an event
    class Publisher
    {

        // Declare the event using EventHandler<T>
        public event EventHandler<CustomEventArgs> RaiseCustomEvent;

        public void DoSomething()
        {
            // Write some code that does something useful here
            // then raise the event. You can also raise an event
            // before you execute a block of code.
            OnRaiseCustomEvent(new CustomEventArgs("Did something"));

        }

        // Wrap event invocations inside a protected virtual method
        // to allow derived classes to override the event invocation behavior
        protected virtual void OnRaiseCustomEvent(CustomEventArgs e)
        {
            // Make a temporary copy of the event to avoid possibility of
            // a race condition if the last subscriber unsubscribes
            // immediately after the null check and before the event is raised.
            EventHandler<CustomEventArgs> handler = RaiseCustomEvent;

            // Event will be null if there are no subscribers
            if (handler != null)
            {
                // Format the string to send inside the CustomEventArgs parameter
                e.Message += String.Format(" at {0}", DateTime.Now.ToString());

                // Use the () operator to raise the event.
                handler(this, e);
            }
        }
    }

    //Class that subscribes to an event
    class Subscriber
    {
        private string id;
        public Subscriber(string ID, Publisher pub)
        {
            id = ID;
            // Subscribe to the event using C# 2.0 syntax
            pub.RaiseCustomEvent += HandleCustomEvent;
        }

        // Define what actions to take when the event is raised.
        void HandleCustomEvent(object sender, CustomEventArgs e)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(id + " received this message: {0}", e.Message);
        }
    }

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Publisher pub = new Publisher();
            Subscriber sub1 = new Subscriber("sub1", pub);
            Subscriber sub2 = new Subscriber("sub2", pub);

            // Call the method that raises the event.
            pub.DoSomething();

            // Keep the console window open
            Console.WriteLine("Press Enter to close this window.");
            Console.ReadLine();

        }
    }
}