LeetCode------72. Edit Distance

一、题目

Given two words word1 and word2, find the minimum number of operations required to convert word1 to word2.

You have the following 3 operations permitted on a word:

1. Insert a character
2. Delete a character
3. Replace a character

Example 1:

Input: word1 = "horse", word2 = "ros"
Output: 3
Explanation: 
horse -> rorse (replace 'h' with 'r')
rorse -> rose (remove 'r')
rose -> ros (remove 'e')

Example 2:

Input: word1 = "intention", word2 = "execution"
Output: 5
Explanation: 
intention -> inention (remove 't')
inention -> enention (replace 'i' with 'e')
enention -> exention (replace 'n' with 'x')
exention -> exection (replace 'n' with 'c')
exection -> execution (insert 'u')

二、思路

1、状态转移方程

（1）case1：当word1[i] == word2[j]时，f(i,j) = f(i-1,j-1);

（2）case2：当word1[i] != word2[j]时，有三种可能，替换、删除和插入，方程为：

f(i,j) = 1 + min(f(i-1,j-1),f(i,j-1),f(i-1,j));   其中f(i-1,j-1)表示替换，f(i,j-1)表示插入，f(i-1,j)表示删除。

2、初始值设置

f(0, k) = f(k, 0) = k

 

三、算法的代码

public class Solution {
    public int minDistance(String word1, String word2) {
        int m = word1.length();
        int n = word2.length();
        
        int[][] cost = new int[m + 1][n + 1];
        for(int i = 0; i <= m; i++)
            cost[i][0] = i;
        for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
            cost[0][i] = i;
        
        for(int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
            for(int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
                if(word1.charAt(i) == word2.charAt(j))
                    cost[i + 1][j + 1] = cost[i][j];
                else {
                    int a = cost[i][j];
                    int b = cost[i][j + 1];
                    int c = cost[i + 1][j];
                    cost[i + 1][j + 1] = a < b ? (a < c ? a : c) : (b < c ? b : c);
                    cost[i + 1][j + 1]++;
                }
            }
        }
        return cost[m][n];
    }
}