python中，pandas中的Series对象和DataFrame对象

pandas 是一个 Python 数据分析包，主要目的是为了 数据分析。pandas 有两个主要的数据结构： Series 和  DataFrame。

1 Serise对象

Series 是一个一维数组对象 ，它包含一组索引和一组数据，可以把它理解为一组带索引的数组。

>>> from pandas import Series,DataFrame
>>> series = Series([2,3,4,-5]) # 将列表转化为Series对象
>>> series
0    2
1    3
2    4
3   -5
dtype: int64
>>> dic ={"name":"lixia","sex":"女","age":22} # 将字典转化为Series对象
>>> series1 = Series(dic)
>>> series1
age        22
name    lixia
sex         女
dtype: object

>>> series2 = Series([2,3,4,-5],index=["a","b","c","d"]) # 指定索引，默认的索引是0 1 2 3 4 ...
>>> series2
a    2
b    3
c    4
d   -5
dtype: int64
>>> series2["a"] # 根据索引获取Series对象的值
2
>>> series2[["a","c"]] # 注意
a    2
c    4
dtype: int64
>>> series2[["a","b"]] = 10 # 修改值，可以同时修改多个
>>> series2
a    10
b    10
c     4
d    -5
dtype: int64
>>> series2.index # 查看索引
Index(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], dtype='object')
>>> series2.values # 查看值
array([10, 10,  4, -5], dtype=int64)
>>> serise2 + 1
a    3
b    4
c    5
d   -4
dtype: int64
>>> series2 + 1 # 计算，但Series对象值不变
a    11
b    11
c     5
d    -4
dtype: int64
>>> series2 * 3
a    30
b    30
c    12
d   -15
dtype: int64
>>> series2[series2 < 20]
a    10
b    10
c     4
d    -5
dtype: int64
>>> series2 # 最后再查看一下series2
a    10
b    10
c     4
d    -5
dtype: int64

2 DataFrame 是一个表格型的数据结构。它提供有序的列和不同类型的列值。

DataFrame将两个或多个Series统一为单个数据结构。

>>> dic
{'name': 'lixia', 'sex': '女', 'age': 22}
>>> df = DataFrame(dic)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#42>", line 1, in <module>
    df = DataFrame(dic)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator.USER-20180412TT\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python36\site-packages\pandas\core\frame.py", line 330, in __init__
    mgr = self._init_dict(data, index, columns, dtype=dtype)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator.USER-20180412TT\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python36\site-packages\pandas\core\frame.py", line 461, in _init_dict
    return _arrays_to_mgr(arrays, data_names, index, columns, dtype=dtype)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator.USER-20180412TT\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python36\site-packages\pandas\core\frame.py", line 6163, in _arrays_to_mgr
    index = extract_index(arrays)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator.USER-20180412TT\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python36\site-packages\pandas\core\frame.py", line 6202, in extract_index
    raise ValueError('If using all scalar values, you must pass'
ValueError: If using all scalar values, you must pass an index
>>> data = {"name":["lili","lala","lele"],"age":[22,23,24],"sex",["女","女","女"]}
		     
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> data = {"name":["lili","lala","lele"],"age":[22,23,24],"sex":["女","女","女"]}
		     
>>> df = DataFrame(data) # 将该字典转化为DataFrame对象
		     
>>> df
		     
   age  name sex
0   22  lili   女
1   23  lala   女
2   24  lele   女
>>>  # DataFrame 默认根据列名首字母顺序进行排序，可以传入一个列名的列表进行排序
		     
>>> DataFrame(data,columns=["name","age","sex"])
		     
   name  age sex
0  lili   22   女
1  lala   23   女
2  lele   24   女
>>> df["name"] # 获取数据方式1
		     
0    lili
1    lala
2    lele
Name: name, dtype: object
>>> df.name # 获取数据方式2
		     
0    lili
1    lala
2    lele
Name: name, dtype: object
>>> df["sex"] = "男" # 修改某一列
		     
>>> df
		     
   age  name sex
0   22  lili   男
1   23  lala   男
2   24  lele   男
>>> del df.sex # 删除某一列
		     
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#53>", line 1, in <module>
    del df.sex # 删除某一列
AttributeError: sex
>>> del df["sex"] # 删除某一列
		     
>>> df
		     
   age  name
0   22  lili
1   23  lala
2   24  lele