PXE网络装机

实验名称：PXE网络装机实验
实验要求：搭建PXE服务，对裸机进行自动化安装centos7操作系统
实验环境：centos7虚拟机一台，搭建pxe进行网络装机；一台裸机，用于验证
实验步骤：
1），准备环境
配置网络源yum

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo    CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo    CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mkdir yum.repos.d.bak
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv C* yum.repos.d.bak
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim yum.repo

# CentOS-Base.repo
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.

# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#

[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
# mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

# released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
# mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

# additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
# mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

# additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
# mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

2），安装配置所需程序
清空yum缓存，重新加载数据，安装yum扩展包

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all										#清空缓存
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Cleaning repos: base extras updates
Cleaning up everything
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum makecache								#加载数据
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
base                                                           | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                         | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                        | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
(1/10): base/7/x86_64/group_gz                                 | 153 kB  00:00:00     
(2/10): base/7/x86_64/primary_db                               | 6.1 MB  00:00:00     
(3/10): base/7/x86_64/other_db                                 | 2.6 MB  00:00:00     
(4/10): base/7/x86_64/filelists_db                                                                                                                      | 7.2 MB  00:00:06     
(5/10): extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db                                                                                                                    | 224 kB  00:00:05     
(6/10): extras/7/x86_64/other_db                                                                                                                        | 134 kB  00:00:00     
(7/10): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                                      | 222 kB  00:00:06     
(8/10): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                                     | 3.7 MB  00:00:01     
(9/10): updates/7/x86_64/other_db                                                                                                                       | 227 kB  00:00:00     
(10/10): updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db                                                                                                                  | 2.1 MB  00:00:01     
Determining fastest mirrors
Metadata Cache Created
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum -y install yum-utils                  			#安装yum扩展程序

安装dhcp服务程序，编辑dhcp的配置文件

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum -y install dhcp     							安装dhcp服务程序
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.example /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf     #复制文件，强行覆盖 
cp: overwrite ‘/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf’? y
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf		配置dhcp
subnet 192.168.22.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {                       #网段和子网掩码
  range 192.168.22.80  192.168.22.150;                                 #IP地址池
  option domain-name-servers ns1.internal.example.org;       #DNS域名服务器
  option domain-name "internal.example.org";                        #域
  option routers 192.168.22.254;                                             #网关
  option broadcast-address 192.168.22.255;                          #广播
  default-lease-time 600;                                    						#默认组约时间，单位秒
  max-lease-time 7200;                                                        	#最大租约时间
  next-server 192.168.22.100;                                               	#PXE服务器IP
  filename "pxelinux.0";                                							#制定引导文件
}
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl start dhcpd			#开启dhcp服务

安装所需程序

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum -y install syslinux  xinetd tftp-server vsftpd       	#安装程序
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mkdir /var/ftp/centos7       											#创建镜像存放目录
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cp -rf /media/* /var/ftp/centos7/									#复制镜像数据
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cd 																				#切换工作目录
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp 																	#进行编辑，关闭配置中自动关闭tftf-server服务，yes为默认关闭  
        disable                 = no 								#把此行yes改为no
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg                                				#创建pxelinux.cfg目录
[root@localhost ~]# cp /media/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default     #复制模板
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/
[root@localhost ~]# cp /media/isolinux/vmlinuz /var/lib/tftpboot/
[root@localhost ~]# cp /media/isolinux/initrd.img /var/lib/tftpboot/
[root@localhost ~]# cp /media/isolinux/vesamenu.c32 /var/lib/tftpboot/
[root@localhost ~]# cp /media/isolinux/boot.msg /var/lib/tftpboot/
[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default 										编辑配置，进行修改
label linux
  menu label ^Install CentOS Linux 7
  kernel vmlinuz
  append initrd=initrd.img inst.repo=ftp://192.168.22.100/centos7 inst.ks=ftp://192.168.22.100/ks.cfg

label check
  menu label Test this ^media & install CentOS Linux 7
  menu default
  kernel vmlinuz
  append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=ftp://192.168.22.100/yum inst.ks=ftp://192.168.22.100/yum/ks.cfg quiet
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0																		#暂时关闭沙河
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start vsftpd															#开启服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start xinetd															#开启服务

安装使用自动化工具

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install system-config-kickstart				安装kickstart自动化工具
[root@localhost ~]# system-config-kickstart									启动工具

保存后Ctrl+c退出

[root@localhost ~]# vim /root/anaconda-ks.cfg    						#进入复制内容

[root@localhost ~]# vim ks.cfg					添加复制的anaconda-ks.cfg文件中内容 
[root@localhost ~]# mv ks.cfg  /var/ftp/centos7/        #移动

设置防火墙规则

[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd  --add-service=ftp --permanent
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd  --add-service=dhcp --permanent
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd  --add-port=69/udp --permanent
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success

3），使用裸机，进行装机
需注意运行内存至少2G，硬盘大小不小于kickstart设置的大小，裸机和PXE服务器位于同一物理网络


自动安装


【等安装完毕，至此PXE网络安装完成】