MySQL安装配置

一、安装步骤

MySQL下载官方网址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

1. 版本选择
   选择Generic版本
2. 下载MySQL

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

3. 解压

tar -zxf mysql-5.7.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

4. 移动并重命名

mv mysql-5.7.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz /usr/local/mysql

二、配置

1. 设置环境变量

[root@db01 ~]# vim /etc/profile
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
[root@db01 ~]# source /etc/profile

2. 创建mysql用户

useradd mysql

3. 创建相关目录并授权

mkdir -p /data/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql

4. 初始化数据库

初始化方法一

[root@db01 ~]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql
2019-09-21T11:10:23.024138Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2019-09-21T11:10:24.321756Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2019-09-21T11:10:24.502952Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2019-09-21T11:10:24.567784Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 68db32d2-dc60-11e9-a7ac-fa163eeb8fda.
2019-09-21T11:10:24.569709Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2019-09-21T11:10:24.570070Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 2iNfDjsiww+V

新特性重要说明
5.7开始，MySQL加入了全新的密码安全机制
1. 初始化完成后，会生成临时密码（显示到屏幕上，并且会往日志中记一份）
2. 密码复杂度: 长度超过12位
3. 密码过期时间180天

初始化方法二: 不加安全机制，关闭上述特性

rm -rf /data/mysql/*
[root@db01 ~]# mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql
2019-09-21T12:04:20.024078Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2019-09-21T12:04:21.322044Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2019-09-21T12:04:21.502184Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2019-09-21T12:04:21.567685Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: f2422f73-dc67-11e9-834b-fa163eeb8fda.
2019-09-21T12:04:21.570072Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2019-09-21T12:04:21.570367Z 1 [Warning] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.

5. 编辑配置文件

vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
user=mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql
server_id=6
port=3306
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

[mysql]
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
prompt=3306 [\\d]>

三、服务管理

3.1 使用service管理

[root@db01 ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

3.2 使用systemd管理

1. 编辑配置文件

[root@db01 ~]# vim /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service

[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000

2. 重新加载系统服务

[root@db01 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload

3. 启动mysql

systemctl start mysqld

4. 修改root密码

[root@db01 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p password 123

5. 登录

[root@db01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p