ORACLE 字符集问题

Oracle NLS_LANG  

Error: ORA-12705: Cannot access NLS data files or invalid environment specif

oracle字符集编码介绍我的认识：

oracle 字符集主要涉及3个方面

1. 数据库服务器字符集

2. 数据库客户端字符集

3. 操作系统字符集

1. 数据库服务器字符集

查询数据库字符集：
   -- select property_value from database_properties where property_name like 'NLS_CHAR%';
 -- select userenv('language') from dual;
  
2. 数据库客户端字符集
  设置环境变量
    export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
主要是有环境变量NLS_LANG来控制的。
3.操作系统字符集
locale 
环境变量 LANG=en_US.UTF-8
  
注意：
一个误区： 我今天在网上找了很多资料，很多的帖子和技术博客都写，在出现乱码的时候都首先要做的就是将客户端字符集设置和数据库一致，其

实这是没有太多根据的。
正确的做法是将客户端的操作系统改成支持中文字符，并将客户端字符集改成和操作系统一致的字符集，这样才能真正的解决问题。 

下面是字符编码和oracle字符集设置对应关系：

export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICN.AL32UTF8"
export NLS_LANG="CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK"

    
    
Language
Locale ID
NLS_LANG
English (American)
en_US.UTF-8
AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
English (American)
en_US.ISO-8859-1
AMERICAN_AMERICA.WE8ISO8859P1
English (American)
en_US.ISO-8859-15
AMERICAN_AMERICA.WE8ISO8859P15
English (Australian)
en_AU.UTF-8
ENGLISH_AUSTRALIA.AL32UTF8
English (Australian)
en_AU.ISO-8859-1
ENGLISH_AUSTRALIA.WE8ISO8859P1
English (Australian)
en_AU.ISO-8859-15
ENGLISH_AUSTRALIA.WE8ISO8859P15
English (British)
en_GB.UTF-8
ENGLISH_UNITED KINGDOM.AL32UTF8
English (British)
en_GB.ISO-8859-1
ENGLISH_UNITED KINGDOM.WE8ISO8859P1
English (British)
en_GB.ISO-8859-15
ENGLISH_UNITED KINGDOM.WE8ISO8859P15
English (Ireland)
en_IE.UTF-8
ENGLISH_IRELAND.AL32UTF8
English (Ireland)
en_IE.ISO-8859-1
ENGLISH_IRELAND.WE8ISO8859P1
English (Ireland)
en_IE.ISO-8859-15
ENGLISH_IRELAND.WE8ISO8859P15
German
de_DE.UTF-8
GERMAN_GERMANY.AL32UTF8
German
de_DE.ISO-8859-1
GERMAN_GERMANY.WE8ISO8859P1
German
de_DE.ISO-8859-15
GERMAN_GERMANY.WE8ISO8859P15
French
fr_FR.UTF-8
FRENCH_FRANCE.AL32UTF8
French
fr_FR.ISO-8859-1
FRENCH_FRANCE.WE8ISO8859P1
French
fr_FR.ISO-8859-15
FRENCH_FRANCE.WE8ISO8859P15
Italian
it_IT.UTF-8
ITALIAN_ITALY.AL32UTF8
Italian
it_IT.ISO-8859-1
ITALIAN_ITALY.WE8ISO8859P1
Italian
it_IT.ISO-8859-15
ITALIAN_ITALY.WE8ISO8859P15
Spanish
es_ES.UTF-8
SPANISH_SPAIN.AL32UTF8
Spanish
es_ES.ISO-8859-1
SPANISH_SPAIN.WE8ISO8859P1
Spanish
es_ES.ISO-8859-15
SPANISH_SPAIN.WE8ISO8859P15
Spanish (Mexico)
es_MX.UTF-8
MEXICAN SPANISH_MEXICO.AL32UTF8
Spanish (Mexico)
es_MX.ISO-8859-1
MEXICAN SPANISH_MEXICO.WE8ISO8859P1
Spanish (Mexico)
es_MX.ISO-8859-15
MEXICAN SPANISH_MEXICO.WE8ISO8859P15
Portuguese (Brazilian)
pt_BR.UTF-8
BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE_BRAZIL.AL32UTF8
Portuguese (Brazilian)
pt_BR.ISO-8859-1
BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE_BRAZIL.WE8ISO8859P1
Portuguese (Brazilian)
pt_BR.ISO-8859-15
BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE_BRAZIL.WE8ISO8859P15
Japanese
ja_JP.EUC-JP
JAPANESE_JAPAN.JA16EUC
Japanese
ja_JP.UTF-8
JAPANESE_JAPAN.AL32UTF8
Korean
ko_KR.EUC-KR
KOREAN_KOREA.KO16KSC5601
Korean
ko_KR.UTF-8
KOREAN_KOREA.AL32UTF8
Chinese (simplified)
zh_CN.GB18030
SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS32GB18030
Chinese (simplified)
zh_CN.UTF-8
SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.AL32UTF8
Chinese (traditional)
zh_TW.BIG5
TRADITIONAL CHINESE_TAIWAN.ZHT16BIG5
Chinese (traditional)
zh_TW.UTF-8
TRADITIONAL CHINESE_TAIWAN