数据链路层:Wi-Fi(IEEE 802.11) · WiMAX(IEEE 802.16) · ARP · RARP ·ATM · DTM · 令牌环 · 以太网 ·FDDI · 帧中继 · GPRS · EVDO ·HSPA · HDLC · PPP · L2TP ·PPTP · ISDN·STP 等
网络层协议:IP (IPv4 · IPv6) · ICMP· ICMPv6·IGMP ·IS-IS · IPsec 等
传输层协议:TCP · UDP · TLS · DCCP · SCTP · RSVP · OSPF 等
应用层协议:DHCP · DNS · FTP · Gopher · HTTP· IMAP4 · IRC · NNTP · XMPP ·POP3 · SIP · SMTP ·SNMP · SSH ·TELNET · RPC · RTCP · RTP ·RTSP· SDP · SOAP · GTP · STUN · NTP· SSDP · BGP · RIP 等
什么是Socket
是独立于具体协议的网络接口,Socket接口定义了许多函数或例程,程序员可以用它们来开发TCP/IP网络上的应用程序。要学Internet上的TCP/IP网络编程,必须理解Socket接口。
Socket接口设计者最先是将接口放在Unix操作系统里面的。如果了Unix系统的输入和输出的话,就很容易了解Socket了。网络的Socket数据传输是一种特殊的I/O。常用的Socket类型有两种:
流式Socket(SOCK_STREAM)和数据报式Socket(SOCK_DGRAM)。流式是一种面向连接的Socket,针对于面向连接的TCP服务应用;数据报式Socket是一种无连接的Socket,对应于无连接的UDP服务应用。
下面是JAVA服务器端例子:
// 创建ServerSocket,不指定IP则默认监测本机ip ,端口是4321
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(4321);
while (true) {
// 接受客户端请求
Socket client = serverSocket.accept();
System.out.println("accept");
try {
// 接收客户端消息
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(client.getInputStream(),"UTF-8"));
String msg = in.readLine();
}
}
socket = new Socket("192.168.1.001", 4321);
// 创建输出流
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(
new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8")),
true);
out.println("输出xxxxxx");
// 读取输入流
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
socket.getInputStream(), "UTF-8"));
String msg = br.readLine();// 返回结果
HTTP协议,android代码如下:
InputStream inputStream = null;
URL url = new URL(IMAGE_PATH); // 创建url对象
HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = null;
try {
httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
httpURLConnection.setConnectTimeout(10000);// 设置超时10秒
httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("GET"); // get请求
//To upload data to a web server, configure the connection for output using setDoOutput(true).
httpURLConnection.setDoOutput(true);//允许上传
httpURLConnection.setDoInput(true);//允许下载
int responseCode = httpURLConnection.getResponseCode();
if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {//返回200则OK
inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream(); // 获取输入流
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//Disconnecting releases the resources held by a connection so they may be closed or reused.
httpURLConnection.disconnect();// 释放连接
}