c 位域

#include<stdio.h>

struct Date1{
  unsigned int year;//4个字节
  unsigned int month;
  unsigned int day;
  unsigned int hour;
  unsigned int minute;
  unsigned int second;
};

struct Date2{
  unsigned int year ;
  unsigned int month: 4;//4bit
  unsigned int day: 5;
  unsigned int : 0;//空域，下面的从下一单元开始存放
  unsigned int hour: 5;
  unsigned int minute: 6;
  unsigned int second: 6;
};

struct Date3{
  unsigned int year ;
  unsigned int month: 4;
  unsigned int day: 5;
  unsigned int : 0;//空域，下面的从下一单元开始存放
  unsigned int hour: 5;
  unsigned int minute: 6;
  unsigned int second: 30;//注意，此处不能超过一个int的位数大小（本机为32bit）
};

int main(){
    printf("%d\n",sizeof(struct Date1));
    printf("%d\n",sizeof(struct Date2));
    printf("%d\n",sizeof(struct Date3));
    return 0;
}

The result is ：

24
12
16

Process returned 0 (0x0)   execution time : 0.196 s
Press any key to continue.

位域的讲解可以参考

http://hi.baidu.com/xiao1dian/item/7cfa8e0e9d0e51cc905718ed

http://tonybai.com/2013/05/21/talk-about-bitfield-in-c-again/

例2：

#include <stdio.h>

//#pragma pack(push,1)
//#pragma pack(push,2)
#pragma pack(push,4)
struct A
{
	char t:4;
	char k:4;
	unsigned short i:8;
	unsigned long m;
};
#pragma pop()

int main()
{
	printf("%d",sizeof(A));
	return 0;
}

the result is

6、6、8

参考http://bbs.csdn.net/topics/330138880