C#编程和网络编程入门

一、用C#编写一个命令行/控制台hello world程序

打开vs2017，新建一个C#控制台应用
写入下列代码

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            string s = "hello cqjtu！重交物联2018级"
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++)
            {
                sb.Append(s);
            }
            //将StringBuilder转换为string，并写入
            Console.WriteLine(sb.ToString());
            //控制台显示
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

二、网络UDP编程

udp连接两台计算机

打开vs2015新建c#控制台项目，编辑以下代码

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
namespace udp_server
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int recv;
            byte[] data = new byte[1024];

            //得到本机IP，设置TCP端口号         
            IPEndPoint ip = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("10.60.233.7"), 8001);
            Socket server = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Dgram, ProtocolType.Udp);

            //绑定网络地址
            server.Bind(ip);

            Console.WriteLine("This is a Server, host name is {0}", Dns.GetHostName());

            //等待客户机连接
            Console.WriteLine("Waiting for a client");

            //得到客户机IP
            IPEndPoint sender = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("10.60.189.252"), 9999);
            EndPoint Remote = (EndPoint)(sender);
            recv = server.ReceiveFrom(data, ref Remote);
            Console.WriteLine("Message received from {0}: ", Remote.ToString());
            Console.WriteLine(Encoding.Default.GetString(data, 0, recv));

            //客户机连接成功后，发送信息
            string welcome = "连接成功 ";

            //字符串与字节数组相互转换
            data = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(welcome);

            //发送信息 
            server.SendTo(data, Remote);



            while (true)
            {
                data = new byte[1024];
                //发送接收信息
                //从客户机接受消息
                recv = server.ReceiveFrom(data, ref Remote);
                //将字节流信息转换为字符串
                string Data = Encoding.Default.GetString(data, 0, recv);
                //将字符串输出到屏幕上
                Console.WriteLine(Data);
                // Console.WriteLine(Encoding.Default.GetString(data, 0, recv));
                /*
                //定义字符串input
                string input;
                //读取屏幕上的字符串
                input = Console.ReadLine();
                if (input == "exit")
                    break;
                //将input发送至客户机
                server.SendTo(Encoding.Default.GetBytes(input),Remote);*/
            }
            server.Close();
        }

    }
}

打开另一计算机的vs2015新建c#控制台项目，编辑以下代码

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;

namespace UDPClient
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            byte[] data = new byte[1024];
            string input;

            //构建TCP 服务器
            Console.WriteLine("This is a Client, host name is {0}", Dns.GetHostName());

            //设置服务IP，设置TCP端口号
            IPEndPoint ip = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1"), 8001);

            //定义网络类型，数据连接类型和网络协议UDP
            Socket client = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Dgram, ProtocolType.Udp);

            string welcome = "连接成功！";
            //字符串与字节数组相互转换
            data = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(welcome);
            //发送信息
            client.SendTo(data,ip);

            IPEndPoint sender = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("服务端ip"), 0);
            EndPoint Remote = (EndPoint)sender;

            data = new byte[1024];
            //对于不存在的IP地址，加入此行代码后，可以在指定时间内解除阻塞模式限制
            //接受信息
            int recv = client.ReceiveFrom(data, ref Remote);
            //输出服务端ip
            Console.WriteLine("Message received from {0}: ", Remote.ToString());
            //输出接受到的信息
            Console.WriteLine(Encoding.Default.GetString(data, 0, recv));
            while (true)
            {
                //读取屏幕的字符串存入input中
                input = Console.ReadLine();
                if (input == "exit")
                    break;
                //将input中的字符串发送至服务端
                for (int i=0;i<50;i++)
                {
                    client.SendTo(Encoding.Default.GetBytes(input), Remote);
                }

                /*
                data = new byte[1024];
                //将接受自服务端的信息存入recv中
                recv = client.ReceiveFrom(data, ref Remote);
                //将字节流转为字符串
                string Data = Encoding.Default.GetString(data, 0, recv);
                //将Date中的数据打印到屏幕上
                Console.WriteLine(Data);*/
            }
            //输入exit后，屏幕打印下列字符串
            Console.WriteLine("Stopping Client.");
            //关闭服务端
            client.Close();
        }

    }
}

两台计算机连接同一局域网，分别运行服务端及客户端，结果如下

三、用VS2017 的C#编写一个简单Form窗口程序

打开vs2015，新建c#windows窗口项目，写入以下代码

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Threading;


namespace WindowsFormsApp1
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        private UdpClient receiveUdpClient;//接收用
        private UdpClient sendUdpClient;//发送用
        private const int port = 8001;//和本机绑定的端口号
        IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse("10.60.233.7");//本机ip
        IPAddress remoteip = IPAddress.Parse("10.60.189.252");//远程主机ip
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();

            CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = false;
            /*
            //获取本机可用IP地址
            IPAddress[] ips = Dns.GetHostAddresses(Dns.GetHostName());
            foreach (IPAddress ipa in ips)
            {
                if (ipa.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetwork)
                {
                    ip = ipa;
                    break;
                }
            }
            */
            //为了在同一台机器调试，此IP也作为默认远程IP
            //IPAddress remoteip = IPAddress.Parse("192.168.43.151");

        }

        private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //创建一个线程接收远程主机发来的信息
            Thread myThread = new Thread(ReceiveData);
            myThread.IsBackground = true;
            myThread.Start();
        }

        //接收数据
        private void ReceiveData()
        {
            IPEndPoint local = new IPEndPoint(ip, port);
            receiveUdpClient = new UdpClient(local);
            IPEndPoint remote = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, 0);
            while (true)
            {
                try
                {
                    //关闭udpClient 时此句会产生异常
                    byte[] receiveBytes = receiveUdpClient.Receive(ref remote);
                    string receiveMessage = Encoding.Unicode.GetString(
                        receiveBytes, 0, receiveBytes.Length);
                    listBox1.Items.Add("收到的消息:" + receiveMessage);
                }
                catch
                {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        //点击发送按钮发送数据
        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //remoteip = IPAddress.Parse(txt_IPAddress.Text);
            Thread myThread = new Thread(SendMessage);
            myThread.IsBackground = true;
            myThread.Start(textBox2.Text);
        }
        //发送消息
        private void SendMessage(object obj)
        {
            string message = (string)obj;
            sendUdpClient = new UdpClient(0);
            byte[] bytes = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(message);
            IPEndPoint iep = new IPEndPoint(remoteip, port);
            try
            {
                sendUdpClient.Send(bytes, bytes.Length, iep);
                listBox1.Items.Add("发送的消息:" + message);
                textBox2.Clear();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                listBox1.Items.Add("发送出错:" + ex.Message);
            }
        }
        delegate void AddItemDelegate(ListBox listbox, string text);
        private void AddItem(ListBox listbox, string text)
        {
            if (listbox.InvokeRequired)
            {
                AddItemDelegate d = AddItem;
                //Control.Invoke 方法 (Delegate, Object[]):
                //在拥有控件的基础窗口句柄的线程上，用指定的参数列表执行指定委托。
                listbox.Invoke(d, new object[] { listbox, text });
            }
            else
            {
                //Add：动态的添加列表框中的项
                listbox.Items.Add(text);

                //SelectedIndex属性获取单项选择ListBox中当前选定项的位置
                //Count：列表框中条目的总数
                listbox.SelectedIndex = listbox.Items.Count - 1;

                //调用此方法等效于将 SelectedIndex 属性设置为-1。 
                //可以使用此方法快速取消选择列表中的所有项。
                listbox.ClearSelected();
            }
        }
        delegate void ClearTextBoxDelegate();
        private void ClearTextBox()
        {
            if (textBox2.InvokeRequired)
            {
                ClearTextBoxDelegate d = ClearTextBox;
                textBox2.Invoke(d);
            }
            else
            {
                textBox2.Clear();
                textBox2.Focus();
            }
        }
    }
}

结果如下

安装wireshark 抓包软件，抓取上述程序发送的网络包，对数据帧结构进行分析

引用：添加链接描述