一、测试需求描述
对服务后台一系列的http接口功能测试。
输入:根据接口描述构造不同的参数输入值
输出:XML文件
eg:http://xxx.com/xxx_product/test/content_book_list.jsp?listid=1
二、实现方法
1、选用Python脚本来驱动测试
2、采用Excel表格管理测试数据,包括用例的管理、测试数据录入、测试结果显示等等,这个需要封装一个Excel的类即可。
3、调用http接口采用Python封装好的API即可
4、测试需要的http组装字符转处理即可
5、设置2个检查点,XML文件中的返回值字段(通过解析XML得到);XML文件的正确性(文件对比)
6、首次执行测试采用半自动化的方式,即人工检查输出的XML文件是否正确,一旦正确将封存XML文件,为后续回归测试的预期结果,如果发现错误手工修正为预期文件。(注意不是每次测试都人工检查该文件,只首次测试的时候才检查)
三、Excel表格样式
四、实现代码(代码才是王道,有注释很容易就能看明白的)
1、测试框架代码
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def get_ncols(self, iSheet):
try:
sht = self.book.Worksheets(iSheet)
return sht.UsedRange.Columns.Count
except:
self.close()
print('获取ncols失败')
exit()
def del_testrecord(self, suiteid):
try:
#为提升性能特别从For循环提取出来
nrows=self.get_nrows(suiteid)+1
ncols=self.get_ncols(suiteid)+1
begincol=self.argbegin+self.argcount
#提升性能
sht = self.book.Worksheets(suiteid)
for row in range(self.casebegin, nrows):
for col in range(begincol, ncols):
str=self.read_data(suiteid, row, col)
#清除实际结果[]
startpos = str.find('[')
if startpos>0:
str = str[0:startpos].strip()
self.write_data(suiteid, row, col, str, OK_COLOR)
else:
#提升性能
sht.Cells(row, col).Interior.Color = OK_COLOR
#清除TestResul列中的测试结果,设置为NT
self.write_data(suiteid, row, self.argbegin+self.argcount+1, ' ', OK_COLOR)
self.write_data(suiteid, row, self.resultCol, 'NT', NT_COLOR)
except:
self.close()
print('清除数据失败')
exit()
#执行调用
def HTTPInvoke(IPPort, url):
conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(IPPort)
conn.request("GET", url)
rsps = conn.getresponse()
data = rsps.read()
conn.close()
return data
#获取用例基本信息[Interface,argcount,[ArgNameList]]
def get_caseinfo(Data, SuiteID):
caseinfolist=[]
sInterface=Data.read_data(SuiteID, 1, 2)
argcount=int(Data.read_data(SuiteID, 2, 2))
#获取参数名存入ArgNameList
ArgNameList=[]
for i in range(0, argcount):
ArgNameList.append(Data.read_data(SuiteID, Data.titleindex, Data.argbegin+i))
caseinfolist.append(sInterface)
caseinfolist.append(argcount)
caseinfolist.append(ArgNameList)
return caseinfolist
#获取输入
def get_input(Data, SuiteID, CaseID, caseinfolist):
sArge=''
#参数组合
for j in range(0, caseinfolist[1]):
if Data.read_data(SuiteID, Data.casebegin+CaseID, Data.argbegin+j) != "None":
sArge=sArge+caseinfolist[2][j]+'='+Data.read_data(SuiteID, Data.casebegin+CaseID, Data.argbegin+j)+'&'
#去掉结尾的&字符
if sArge[-1:]=='&':
sArge = sArge[0:-1]
sInput=caseinfolist[0]+sArge #组合全部参数
return sInput
- #结果判断
- def assert_result(sReal, sExpect):
- sReal=str(sReal)
- sExpect=str(sExpect)
- if sReal==sExpect:
- return 'OK'
- else:
- return 'NG'
def write_result(Data, SuiteId, CaseId, resultcol, *result):
if len(result)>1:
ret='OK'
for i in range(0, len(result)):
if result[i]=='NG':
ret='NG'
break
if ret=='NG':
Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,ret, NG_COLOR)
else:
Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,ret, OK_COLOR)
Data.allresult.append(ret)
else:
if result[0]=='NG':
Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,result[0], NG_COLOR)
elif result[0]=='OK':
Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,result[0], OK_COLOR)
else: #NT
Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,result[0], NT_COLOR)
Data.allresult.append(result[0])
#将当前结果立即打印
print 'case'+str(CaseId+1)+':', Data.allresult[-1]
#打印测试结果
def statisticresult(excelobj):
allresultlist=excelobj.allresult
count=[0, 0, 0]
for i in range(0, len(allresultlist)):
#print 'case'+str(i+1)+':', allresultlist[i]
count=countflag(allresultlist[i],count[0], count[1], count[2])
print 'Statistic result as follow:'
print 'OK:', count[0]
print 'NG:', count[1]
print 'NT:', count[2]
#解析XmlString返回Dict
def get_xmlstring_dict(xml_string):
xml = XML2Dict()
return xml.fromstring(xml_string)
#解析XmlFile返回Dict
def get_xmlfile_dict(xml_file):
xml = XML2Dict()
return xml.parse(xml_file)
#去除历史数据expect[real]
def delcomment(excelobj, suiteid, iRow, iCol, str):
startpos = str.find('[')
if startpos>0:
str = str[0:startpos].strip()
excelobj.write_data(suiteid, iRow, iCol, str, OK_COLOR)
return str
#检查每个item (非结构体)
def check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,real_dict, checklist, begincol):
ret='OK'
for checkid in range(0, len(checklist)):
real=real_dict[checklist[checkid]]['value']
expect=excelobj.read_data(suiteid, excelobj.casebegin+caseid, begincol+checkid)
#如果检查不一致测将实际结果写入expect字段,格式:expect[real]
#将return NG
result=assert_result(real, expect)
if result=='NG':
writestr=expect+'['+real+']'
excelobj.write_data(suiteid, excelobj.casebegin+caseid, begincol+checkid, writestr, NG_COLOR)
ret='NG'
return ret
#检查结构体类型
def check_struct_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,real_struct_dict, structlist, structbegin, structcount):
ret='OK'
if structcount>1: #传入的是List
for structid in range(0, structcount):
structdict=real_struct_dict[structid]
temp=check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,structdict, structlist, structbegin+structid*len(structlist))
if temp=='NG':
ret='NG'
else: #传入的是Dict
temp=check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,real_struct_dict, structlist, structbegin)
if temp=='NG':
ret='NG'
return ret
#获取异常函数及行号
def print_error_info():
"""Return the frame object for the caller's stack frame."""
try:
raise Exception
except:
f = sys.exc_info()[2].tb_frame.f_back
print (f.f_code.co_name, f.f_lineno)
#测试结果计数器,类似Switch语句实现
def countflag(flag,ok, ng, nt):
calculation = {'OK':lambda:[ok+1, ng, nt],
'NG':lambda:[ok, ng+1, nt],
'NT':lambda:[ok, ng, nt+1]}
return calculation[flag]()
2、项目测试代码
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3、测试入口
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