多态:父类引用指向子类对象。
class Person{
int age = 3;
String name = "ll";
public void eat(){
Log.e(TAG, " person eat");
}
public void walk(){
Log.e(TAG, " person walk");
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"age=" + age +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
class Student extends Person{
int age = 8;
int height = 2;
public void eat(){
Log.e(TAG, " Student eat lot");
}
public void study(){
Log.e(TAG, " Student study");
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"age=" + age +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", height=" + height +
'}';
}
}
使用:
Person p = new Student();
Log.e(TAG, "p.age = " + p.age);
Log.e(TAG, "p = " + p);
p.eat();
p.walk();
结果:
08-19 13:43:04.566 22512 22512 E MainActivity lyl123: p.age = 3
08-19 13:43:04.566 22512 22512 E MainActivity lyl123: p = Student{age=8, name='ll', height=2}
08-19 13:43:04.566 22512 22512 E MainActivity lyl123: Student eat lot
08-19 13:43:04.566 22512 22512 E MainActivity lyl123: person walk
分析:
1) 属性:编译运行时,都看左边。运行时,方法有重写、覆盖,但属性无覆盖。在使用多态时,子类的属性不会覆盖父类的同名属性,此时是调用的父类的属性值。打印出来p,虽然其age是Student的age,但调用时,仍是调用父类的age。属性调用时看左边。
2) 方法:编译时看左边;运行时看右边。这也就是为什么对象p不能调用Student的study方法,因为在编译时,对象p是Person类型的。
3) 静态成员和静态方法:无论编译和运行,都看左边。若没有向下转型,则找父类的静态成员/方法;若转型过,优先找自己的静态成员/方法;