程序的静态布局

最新推荐文章于 2023-11-01 19:18:53 发布
最新推荐文章于 2023-11-01 19:18:53 发布
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分类专栏： # C Linux 文章标签： c语言 linux elf文件 bss 程序头
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文章目录

概念

程序（program）是存放在磁盘中的可执行文件，在 Linux 中，二进制可执行文件的标准格式叫做 ELF（Executable and Linkable Format）。从名字可以看出，它同时兼容可执行文件和可链接文件。

测试源码

elfdemo.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

static char static_data[16] = "I'm Static Data";
static char raw_static_data[40960];
static const char const_data[16] = "I'm Const Data";

int main(int args, char **argv)
{
	printf("Message In Main\n");

	return 0;
}

编译

gcc -o elfdemo.out elfdemo.c -no-pie

文件内容

liyongjun@Box20:~/project/c/study/tmp$ ls -l elfdemo.out 
-rwxrwxr-x 1 liyongjun liyongjun 16744 10月 30 15:35 elfdemo.out

liyongjun@Box20:~/project/c/study/tmp$ readelf -h elfdemo.out 
ELF 头：
  Magic：   7f 45 4c 46 02 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 
  类别:                              ELF64
  数据:                              2 补码，小端序 (little endian)
  Version:                           1 (current)
  OS/ABI:                            UNIX - System V
  ABI 版本:                          0
  类型:                              EXEC (可执行文件)
  系统架构:                          Advanced Micro Devices X86-64
  版本:                              0x1
  入口点地址：               0x401050
  程序头起点：          64 (bytes into file)
  Start of section headers:          14760 (bytes into file)
  标志：             0x0
  Size of this header:               64 (bytes)
  Size of program headers:           56 (bytes)
  Number of program headers:         13
  Size of section headers:           64 (bytes)
  Number of section headers:         31
  Section header string table index: 30

  • 可执行文件的大小是 16744 字节

  • 文件格式是 64 位的 Linux 标准可执行文件（ELF 64-bit LSB executable），目标平台是 x86-64

  • 程序的入口地址是 0x401050

  1. 该文件的 ELF 头的大小是 64 字节

  2. 文件中有 13 个 Program Header，每个 Program Header 的长度是 56 字节，信息存放在从文件头算起 64 字节的位置（程序头起点）

  3. 另外还有 31 个 Section Header，每个 Section Header 的大小是 64 字节，信息存放在从文件头算起 14760 字节的位置

根据这些信息，就可以依次定位到每个 Header，再根据 Header 中对每个段的描述，便可解析出文件内容。

  1. 64 字节 ELF 文件头
  2. 56 * 13 字节 程序头
  3. 31 节区
  4. 64 * 31 字节 节区头
  5. = 16744 字节

整体结构

在这里插入图片描述

程序头

liyongjun@Box20:~/project/c/study/tmp$ readelf -l elfdemo.out 

Elf 文件类型为 EXEC (可执行文件)
Entry point 0x401050
There are 13 program headers, starting at offset 64

程序头：
     Type           Offset             VirtAddr           PhysAddr              FileSiz            MemSiz              Flags  Align
  00 PHDR           0x0000000000000040 0x0000000000400040 0x0000000000400040 	0x00000000000002d8 0x00000000000002d8  R      0x8
  01 INTERP         0x0000000000000318 0x0000000000400318 0x0000000000400318 	0x000000000000001c 0x000000000000001c  R      0x1
      [Requesting program interpreter: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2]
  02 LOAD           0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000400000 0x0000000000400000 	0x00000000000004d0 0x00000000000004d0  R      0x1000
  03 LOAD           0x0000000000001000 0x0000000000401000 0x0000000000401000 	0x00000000000001e5 0x00000000000001e5  R E    0x1000
  04 LOAD           0x0000000000002000 0x0000000000402000 0x0000000000402000 	0x0000000000000178 0x0000000000000178  R      0x1000
  05 LOAD           0x0000000000002e10 0x0000000000403e10 0x0000000000403e10 	0x0000000000000230 0x000000000000a250  RW     0x1000
  06 DYNAMIC        0x0000000000002e20 0x0000000000403e20 0x0000000000403e20 	0x00000000000001d0 0x00000000000001d0  RW     0x8
  07 NOTE           0x0000000000000338 0x0000000000400338 0x0000000000400338 	0x0000000000000020 0x0000000000000020  R      0x8
  08 NOTE           0x0000000000000358 0x0000000000400358 0x0000000000400358 	0x0000000000000044 0x0000000000000044  R      0x4
  09 GNU_PROPERTY   0x0000000000000338 0x0000000000400338 0x0000000000400338 	0x0000000000000020 0x0000000000000020  R      0x8
  10 GNU_EH_FRAME   0x0000000000002030 0x0000000000402030 0x0000000000402030 	0x0000000000000044 0x0000000000000044  R      0x4
  11 GNU_STACK      0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000 	0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000  RW     0x10
  12 GNU_RELRO      0x0000000000002e10 0x0000000000403e10 0x0000000000403e10 	0x00000000000001f0 0x00000000000001f0  R      0x1

 Section to Segment mapping:
  段节...
   00     
   01     .interp 
   02     .interp .note.gnu.property .note.gnu.build-id .note.ABI-tag .gnu.hash .dynsym .dynstr .gnu.version .gnu.version_r .rela.dyn .rela.plt 
   03     .init .plt .plt.sec .text .fini 
   04     .rodata .eh_frame_hdr .eh_frame 
   05     .init_array .fini_array .dynamic .got .got.plt .data .bss 
   06     .dynamic 
   07     .note.gnu.property 
   08     .note.gnu.build-id .note.ABI-tag 
   09     .note.gnu.property 
   10     .eh_frame_hdr 
   11     
   12     .init_array .fini_array .dynamic .got

节头

liyongjun@Box20:~/project/c/study/tmp$ readelf -S elfdemo.out 
There are 31 section headers, starting at offset 0x39a8:

节头：
  [号] 名称              类型             地址              偏移量		大小              全体大小          旗标   链接   信息   对齐
  [ 0]                   NULL             0000000000000000  00000000 	0000000000000000  0000000000000000           0     0     0
  [ 1] .interp           PROGBITS         0000000000400318  00000318 	000000000000001c  0000000000000000   A       0     0     1
  [ 2] .note.gnu.propert NOTE             0000000000400338  00000338 	0000000000000020  0000000000000000   A       0     0     8
  [ 3] .note.gnu.build-i NOTE             0000000000400358  00000358 	0000000000000024  0000000000000000   A       0     0     4
  [ 4] .note.ABI-tag     NOTE             000000000040037c  0000037c 	0000000000000020  0000000000000000   A       0     0     4
  [ 5] .gnu.hash         GNU_HASH         00000000004003a0  000003a0 	000000000000001c  0000000000000000   A       6     0     8
  [ 6] .dynsym           DYNSYM           00000000004003c0  000003c0 	0000000000000060  0000000000000018   A       7     1     8
  [ 7] .dynstr           STRTAB           0000000000400420  00000420 	000000000000003d  0000000000000000   A       0     0     1
  [ 8] .gnu.version      VERSYM           000000000040045e  0000045e 	0000000000000008  0000000000000002   A       6     0     2
  [ 9] .gnu.version_r    VERNEED          0000000000400468  00000468 	0000000000000020  0000000000000000   A       7     1     8
  [10] .rela.dyn         RELA             0000000000400488  00000488 	0000000000000030  0000000000000018   A       6     0     8
  [11] .rela.plt         RELA             00000000004004b8  000004b8 	0000000000000018  0000000000000018  AI       6    24     8
  [12] .init             PROGBITS         0000000000401000  00001000 	000000000000001b  0000000000000000  AX       0     0     4
  [13] .plt              PROGBITS         0000000000401020  00001020 	0000000000000020  0000000000000010  AX       0     0     16
  [14] .plt.sec          PROGBITS         0000000000401040  00001040 	0000000000000010  0000000000000010  AX       0     0     16
  [15] .text             PROGBITS         0000000000401050  00001050 	0000000000000185  0000000000000000  AX       0     0     16
  [16] .fini             PROGBITS         00000000004011d8  000011d8 	000000000000000d  0000000000000000  AX       0     0     4
  [17] .rodata           PROGBITS         0000000000402000  00002000 	0000000000000030  0000000000000000   A       0     0     16
  [18] .eh_frame_hdr     PROGBITS         0000000000402030  00002030 	0000000000000044  0000000000000000   A       0     0     4
  [19] .eh_frame         PROGBITS         0000000000402078  00002078 	0000000000000100  0000000000000000   A       0     0     8
  [20] .init_array       INIT_ARRAY       0000000000403e10  00002e10 	0000000000000008  0000000000000008  WA       0     0     8
  [21] .fini_array       FINI_ARRAY       0000000000403e18  00002e18 	0000000000000008  0000000000000008  WA       0     0     8
  [22] .dynamic          DYNAMIC          0000000000403e20  00002e20 	00000000000001d0  0000000000000010  WA       7     0     8
  [23] .got              PROGBITS         0000000000403ff0  00002ff0 	0000000000000010  0000000000000008  WA       0     0     8
  [24] .got.plt          PROGBITS         0000000000404000  00003000 	0000000000000020  0000000000000008  WA       0     0     8
  [25] .data             PROGBITS         0000000000404020  00003020 	0000000000000020  0000000000000000  WA       0     0     16
  [26] .bss              NOBITS           0000000000404040  00003040 	000000000000a020  0000000000000000  WA       0     0     32
  [27] .comment          PROGBITS         0000000000000000  00003040 	000000000000002a  0000000000000001  MS       0     0     1
  [28] .symtab           SYMTAB           0000000000000000  00003070 	0000000000000630  0000000000000018          29    48     8
  [29] .strtab           STRTAB           0000000000000000  000036a0 	00000000000001e6  0000000000000000           0     0     1
  [30] .shstrtab         STRTAB           0000000000000000  00003886 	000000000000011f  0000000000000000           0     0     1
Key to Flags:
  W (write), A (alloc), X (execute), M (merge), S (strings), I (info),
  L (link order), O (extra OS processing required), G (group), T (TLS),
  C (compressed), x (unknown), o (OS specific), E (exclude),
  l (large), p (processor specific)

文件头 + 程序头 + 节区 + 节区头

liyongjun@Box20:~/project/c/study/tmp$ hexdump -C elfdemo.out 
/* ------------------------------ ELF 文件头 begin -------------------------- */
00000000  7f 45 4c 46 02 01 01 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |.ELF............|
00000010  02 00 3e 00 01 00 00 00  50 10 40 00 00 00 00 00  |..>.....P.@.....|
00000020  40 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  a8 39 00 00 00 00 00 00  |@........9......|
00000030  00 00 00 00 40 00 38 00  0d 00 40 00 1f 00 1e 00  |....@.8...@.....|
/* -------------------------------- 程序头 1 -------------------------------- */
00000040  06 00 00 00 04 00 00 00  40 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |........@.......|
00000050  40 00 40 00 00 00 00 00  40 00 40 00 00 00 00 00  |@.@.....@.@.....|
00000060  d8 02 00 00 00 00 00 00  d8 02 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000070  08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  
/* -------------------------------- 程序头 2 -------------------------------- */
                                   03 00 00 00 04 00 00 00  |................|
00000080  18 03 00 00 00 00 00 00  18 03 40 00 00 00 00 00  |..........@.....|
00000090  18 03 40 00 00 00 00 00  1c 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |..@.............|
000000a0  1c 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
/* -------------------------------- 程序头 3 -------------------------------- */
000000b0  01 00 00 00 04 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000000c0  00 00 40 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 40 00 00 00 00 00  |..@.......@.....|
000000d0  d0 04 00 00 00 00 00 00  d0 04 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000000e0  00 10 00 00 00 00 00 00  
/* -------------------------------- 程序头 4 -------------------------------- */
                                   01 00 00 00 05 00 00 00  |................|
000000f0  00 10 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 10 40 00 00 00 00 00  |..........@.....|
00000100  00 10 40 00 00 00 00 00  e5 01 00 00 00 00 00 00  |..@.............|
00000110  e5 01 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 10 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
/* -------------------------------- 程序头 5 -------------------------------- */
00000120  01 00 00 00 04 00 00 00  00 20 00 00 00 00 00 00  |......... ......|
00000130  00 20 40 00 00 00 00 00  00 20 40 00 00 00 00 00  |. @...... @.....|
00000140  78 01 00 00 00 00 00 00  78 01 00 00 00 00 00 00  |x.......x.......|
00000150  00 10 00 00 00 00 00 00  
/* -------------------------------- 程序头 6 -------------------------------- */
                                   01 00 00 00 06 00 00 00  |................|
00000160  10 2e 00 00 00 00 00 00  10 3e 40 00 00 00 00 00  |.........>@.....|
00000170  10 3e 40 00 00 00 00 00  30 02 00 00 00 00 00 00  |.>@.....0.......|
00000180  50 a2 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 10 00 00 00 00 00 00  |P...............|
/* -------------------------------- 程序头 7 -------------------------------- */
00000190  02 00 00 00 06 00 00 00  20 2e 00 00 00 00 00 00  |........ .......|
000001a0  20 3e 40 00 00 00 00 00  20 3e 40 00 00 00 00 00  | >@..... >@.....|
000001b0  d0 01 00 00 00 00 00 00  d0 01 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000001c0  08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  
/* -------------------------------- 程序头 8 -------------------------------- */
                                   04 00 00 00 04 00 00 00  |................|
000001d0  38 03 00 00 00 00 00 00  38 03 40 00 00 00 00 00  |8.......8.@.....|
000001e0  38 03 40 00 00 00 00 00  20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |8.@..... .......|
000001f0  20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  | ...............|
/* -------------------------------- 程序头 9 -------------------------------- */
00000200  04 00 00 00 04 00 00 00  58 03 00 00 00 00 00 00  |........X.......|
00000210  58 03 40 00 00 00 00 00  58 03 40 00 00 00 00 00  |X.@.....X.@.....|
00000220  44 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  44 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |D.......D.......|
00000230  04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  
/* -------------------------------- 程序头 10 -------------------------------- */
                                   53 e5 74 64 04 00 00 00  |........S.td....|
00000240  38 03 00 00 00 00 00 00  38 03 40 00 00 00 00 00  |8.......8.@.....|
00000250  38 03 40 00 00 00 00 00  20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |8.@..... .......|
00000260  20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  | ...............|
/* -------------------------------- 程序头 11 -------------------------------- */
00000270  50 e5 74 64 04 00 00 00  30 20 00 00 00 00 00 00  |P.td....0 ......|
00000280  30 20 40 00 00 00 00 00  30 20 40 00 00 00 00 00  |0 @.....0 @.....|
00000290  44 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  44 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |D.......D.......|
000002a0  04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  
/* -------------------------------- 程序头 12 -------------------------------- */
                                   51 e5 74 64 06 00 00 00  |........Q.td....|
000002b0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
*
000002d0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
/* -------------------------------- 程序头 13 -------------------------------- */
000002e0  52 e5 74 64 04 00 00 00  10 2e 00 00 00 00 00 00  |R.td............|
000002f0  10 3e 40 00 00 00 00 00  10 3e 40 00 00 00 00 00  |.>@......>@.....|
00000300  f0 01 00 00 00 00 00 00  f0 01 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000310  01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  
/* --------- 节区 1～31，.interp～.shstrtab 0x318～0x3886 + 0x11f = 0x39a5 --------- */
                                   2f 6c 69 62 36 34 2f 6c  |......../lib64/l|
00000320  64 2d 6c 69 6e 75 78 2d  78 38 36 2d 36 34 2e 73  |d-linux-x86-64.s|
00000330  6f 2e 32 00 00 00 00 00  04 00 00 00 10 00 00 00  |o.2.............|
00000340  05 00 00 00 47 4e 55 00  02 00 00 c0 04 00 00 00  |....GNU.........|
00000350  03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  04 00 00 00 14 00 00 00  |................|
00000360  03 00 00 00 47 4e 55 00  d3 10 74 c2 34 65 f8 75  |....GNU...t.4e.u|
00000370  f6 d1 88 ce a1 93 a3 c6  6b bb 04 9c 04 00 00 00  |........k.......|
00000380  10 00 00 00 01 00 00 00  47 4e 55 00 00 00 00 00  |........GNU.....|
00000390  03 00 00 00 02 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000003a0  01 00 00 00 01 00 00 00  01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000003b0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
*
000003d0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  0b 00 00 00 12 00 00 00  |................|
000003e0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000003f0  10 00 00 00 12 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000400  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  2e 00 00 00 20 00 00 00  |............ ...|
00000410  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000420  00 6c 69 62 63 2e 73 6f  2e 36 00 70 75 74 73 00  |.libc.so.6.puts.|
00000430  5f 5f 6c 69 62 63 5f 73  74 61 72 74 5f 6d 61 69  |__libc_start_mai|
00000440  6e 00 47 4c 49 42 43 5f  32 2e 32 2e 35 00 5f 5f  |n.GLIBC_2.2.5.__|
00000450  67 6d 6f 6e 5f 73 74 61  72 74 5f 5f 00 00 00 00  |gmon_start__....|
00000460  02 00 02 00 00 00 00 00  01 00 01 00 01 00 00 00  |................|
00000470  10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  75 1a 69 09 00 00 02 00  |........u.i.....|
00000480  22 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  f0 3f 40 00 00 00 00 00  |"........?@.....|
00000490  06 00 00 00 02 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000004a0  f8 3f 40 00 00 00 00 00  06 00 00 00 03 00 00 00  |.?@.............|
000004b0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  18 40 40 00 00 00 00 00  |.........@@.....|
000004c0  07 00 00 00 01 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000004d0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
*
00001000  f3 0f 1e fa 48 83 ec 08  48 8b 05 e9 2f 00 00 48  |....H...H.../..H|
00001010  85 c0 74 02 ff d0 48 83  c4 08 c3 00 00 00 00 00  |..t...H.........|
00001020  ff 35 e2 2f 00 00 f2 ff  25 e3 2f 00 00 0f 1f 00  |.5./....%./.....|
00001030  f3 0f 1e fa 68 00 00 00  00 f2 e9 e1 ff ff ff 90  |....h...........|
00001040  f3 0f 1e fa f2 ff 25 cd  2f 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00  |......%./....D..|
00001050  f3 0f 1e fa 31 ed 49 89  d1 5e 48 89 e2 48 83 e4  |....1.I..^H..H..|
00001060  f0 50 54 49 c7 c0 d0 11  40 00 48 c7 c1 60 11 40  |.PTI....@.H..`.@|
00001070  00 48 c7 c7 36 11 40 00  ff 15 72 2f 00 00 f4 90  |.H..6.@...r/....|
00001080  f3 0f 1e fa c3 66 2e 0f  1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 90  |.....f..........|
00001090  b8 40 40 40 00 48 3d 40  40 40 00 74 13 b8 00 00  |.@@@.H=@@@.t....|
000010a0  00 00 48 85 c0 74 09 bf  40 40 40 00 ff e0 66 90  |..H..t..@@@...f.|
000010b0  c3 66 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00  00 00 00 00 0f 1f 40 00  |.ff...........@.|
000010c0  be 40 40 40 00 48 81 ee  40 40 40 00 48 89 f0 48  |.@@@.H..@@@.H..H|
000010d0  c1 ee 3f 48 c1 f8 03 48  01 c6 48 d1 fe 74 11 b8  |..?H...H..H..t..|
000010e0  00 00 00 00 48 85 c0 74  07 bf 40 40 40 00 ff e0  |....H..t..@@@...|
000010f0  c3 66 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00  00 00 00 00 0f 1f 40 00  |.ff...........@.|
00001100  f3 0f 1e fa 80 3d 35 2f  00 00 00 75 13 55 48 89  |.....=5/...u.UH.|
00001110  e5 e8 7a ff ff ff c6 05  23 2f 00 00 01 5d c3 90  |..z.....#/...]..|
00001120  c3 66 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00  00 00 00 00 0f 1f 40 00  |.ff...........@.|
00001130  f3 0f 1e fa eb 8a f3 0f  1e fa 55 48 89 e5 48 83  |..........UH..H.|
00001140  ec 10 89 7d fc 48 89 75  f0 48 8d 3d d0 0e 00 00  |...}.H.u.H.=....|
00001150  e8 eb fe ff ff b8 00 00  00 00 c9 c3 0f 1f 40 00  |..............@.|
00001160  f3 0f 1e fa 41 57 4c 8d  3d a3 2c 00 00 41 56 49  |....AWL.=.,..AVI|
00001170  89 d6 41 55 49 89 f5 41  54 41 89 fc 55 48 8d 2d  |..AUI..ATA..UH.-|
00001180  94 2c 00 00 53 4c 29 fd  48 83 ec 08 e8 6f fe ff  |.,..SL).H....o..|
00001190  ff 48 c1 fd 03 74 1f 31  db 0f 1f 80 00 00 00 00  |.H...t.1........|
000011a0  4c 89 f2 4c 89 ee 44 89  e7 41 ff 14 df 48 83 c3  |L..L..D..A...H..|
000011b0  01 48 39 dd 75 ea 48 83  c4 08 5b 5d 41 5c 41 5d  |.H9.u.H...[]A\A]|
000011c0  41 5e 41 5f c3 66 66 2e  0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00  |A^A_.ff.........|
000011d0  f3 0f 1e fa c3 00 00 00  f3 0f 1e fa 48 83 ec 08  |............H...|
000011e0  48 83 c4 08 c3 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |H...............|
000011f0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
*
00002000  01 00 02 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00002010  49 27 6d 20 43 6f 6e 73  74 20 44 61 74 61 00 00  |I'm Const Data..|
00002020  4d 65 73 73 61 67 65 20  49 6e 20 4d 61 69 6e 00  |Message In Main.|
00002030  01 1b 03 3b 44 00 00 00  07 00 00 00 f0 ef ff ff  |...;D...........|
00002040  88 00 00 00 10 f0 ff ff  b0 00 00 00 20 f0 ff ff  |............ ...|
00002050  60 00 00 00 50 f0 ff ff  74 00 00 00 06 f1 ff ff  |`...P...t.......|
00002060  c8 00 00 00 30 f1 ff ff  e8 00 00 00 a0 f1 ff ff  |....0...........|
00002070  30 01 00 00 00 00 00 00  14 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |0...............|
00002080  01 7a 52 00 01 78 10 01  1b 0c 07 08 90 01 00 00  |.zR..x..........|
00002090  10 00 00 00 1c 00 00 00  b8 ef ff ff 2f 00 00 00  |............/...|
000020a0  00 44 07 10 10 00 00 00  30 00 00 00 d4 ef ff ff  |.D......0.......|
000020b0  05 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  24 00 00 00 44 00 00 00  |........$...D...|
000020c0  60 ef ff ff 20 00 00 00  00 0e 10 46 0e 18 4a 0f  |`... ......F..J.|
000020d0  0b 77 08 80 00 3f 1a 3a  2a 33 24 22 00 00 00 00  |.w...?.:*3$"....|
000020e0  14 00 00 00 6c 00 00 00  58 ef ff ff 10 00 00 00  |....l...X.......|
000020f0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  1c 00 00 00 84 00 00 00  |................|
00002100  36 f0 ff ff 26 00 00 00  00 45 0e 10 86 02 43 0d  |6...&....E....C.|
00002110  06 5d 0c 07 08 00 00 00  44 00 00 00 a4 00 00 00  |.]......D.......|
00002120  40 f0 ff ff 65 00 00 00  00 46 0e 10 8f 02 49 0e  |@...e....F....I.|
00002130  18 8e 03 45 0e 20 8d 04  45 0e 28 8c 05 44 0e 30  |...E. ..E.(..D.0|
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00002150  41 0e 28 42 0e 20 42 0e  18 42 0e 10 42 0e 08 00  |A.(B. B..B..B...|
00002160  10 00 00 00 ec 00 00 00  68 f0 ff ff 05 00 00 00  |........h.......|
00002170  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
*
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00002e30  0c 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 10 40 00 00 00 00 00  |..........@.....|
00002e40  0d 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  d8 11 40 00 00 00 00 00  |..........@.....|
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00002e60  1b 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00002e70  1a 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  18 3e 40 00 00 00 00 00  |.........>@.....|
00002e80  1c 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
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00002ea0  05 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  20 04 40 00 00 00 00 00  |........ .@.....|
00002eb0  06 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  c0 03 40 00 00 00 00 00  |..........@.....|
00002ec0  0a 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  3d 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |........=.......|
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00002ee0  15 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00002ef0  03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 40 40 00 00 00 00 00  |.........@@.....|
00002f00  02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  18 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
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00002f60  fe ff ff 6f 00 00 00 00  68 04 40 00 00 00 00 00  |...o....h.@.....|
00002f70  ff ff ff 6f 00 00 00 00  01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |...o............|
00002f80  f0 ff ff 6f 00 00 00 00  5e 04 40 00 00 00 00 00  |...o....^.@.....|
00002f90  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
*
00003000  20 3e 40 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  | >@.............|
00003010  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  30 10 40 00 00 00 00 00  |........0.@.....|
00003020  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00003030  49 27 6d 20 53 74 61 74  69 63 20 44 61 74 61 00  |I'm Static Data.|
00003040  47 43 43 3a 20 28 55 62  75 6e 74 75 20 39 2e 33  |GCC: (Ubuntu 9.3|
00003050  2e 30 2d 31 37 75 62 75  6e 74 75 31 7e 32 30 2e  |.0-17ubuntu1~20.|
00003060  30 34 29 20 39 2e 33 2e  30 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |04) 9.3.0.......|
00003070  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00003080  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 03 00 01 00  |................|
00003090  18 03 40 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |..@.............|
000030a0  00 00 00 00 03 00 02 00  38 03 40 00 00 00 00 00  |........8.@.....|
000030b0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 03 00 03 00  |................|
000030c0  58 03 40 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |X.@.............|
000030d0  00 00 00 00 03 00 04 00  7c 03 40 00 00 00 00 00  |........|.@.....|
000030e0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 03 00 05 00  |................|
000030f0  a0 03 40 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |..@.............|
00003100  00 00 00 00 03 00 06 00  c0 03 40 00 00 00 00 00  |..........@.....|
00003110  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 03 00 07 00  |................|
00003120  20 04 40 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  | .@.............|
00003130  00 00 00 00 03 00 08 00  5e 04 40 00 00 00 00 00  |........^.@.....|
00003140  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 03 00 09 00  |................|
00003150  68 04 40 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |h.@.............|
00003160  00 00 00 00 03 00 0a 00  88 04 40 00 00 00 00 00  |..........@.....|
00003170  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 03 00 0b 00  |................|
00003180  b8 04 40 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |..@.............|
00003190  00 00 00 00 03 00 0c 00  00 10 40 00 00 00 00 00  |..........@.....|
000031a0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 03 00 0d 00  |................|
000031b0  20 10 40 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  | .@.............|
000031c0  00 00 00 00 03 00 0e 00  40 10 40 00 00 00 00 00  |........@.@.....|
000031d0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 03 00 0f 00  |................|
000031e0  50 10 40 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |P.@.............|
000031f0  00 00 00 00 03 00 10 00  d8 11 40 00 00 00 00 00  |..........@.....|
00003200  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 03 00 11 00  |................|
00003210  00 20 40 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |. @.............|
00003220  00 00 00 00 03 00 12 00  30 20 40 00 00 00 00 00  |........0 @.....|
00003230  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 03 00 13 00  |................|
00003240  78 20 40 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |x @.............|
00003250  00 00 00 00 03 00 14 00  10 3e 40 00 00 00 00 00  |.........>@.....|
00003260  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 03 00 15 00  |................|
00003270  18 3e 40 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |.>@.............|
00003280  00 00 00 00 03 00 16 00  20 3e 40 00 00 00 00 00  |........ >@.....|
00003290  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 03 00 17 00  |................|
000032a0  f0 3f 40 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |.?@.............|
000032b0  00 00 00 00 03 00 18 00  00 40 40 00 00 00 00 00  |.........@@.....|
000032c0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 03 00 19 00  |................|
000032d0  20 40 40 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  | @@.............|
000032e0  00 00 00 00 03 00 1a 00  40 40 40 00 00 00 00 00  |........@@@.....|
000032f0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 03 00 1b 00  |................|
00003300  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00003310  01 00 00 00 04 00 f1 ff  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00003320  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  0c 00 00 00 02 00 0f 00  |................|
00003330  90 10 40 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |..@.............|
00003340  0e 00 00 00 02 00 0f 00  c0 10 40 00 00 00 00 00  |..........@.....|
00003350  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  21 00 00 00 02 00 0f 00  |........!.......|
00003360  00 11 40 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |..@.............|
00003370  37 00 00 00 01 00 1a 00  40 40 40 00 00 00 00 00  |7.......@@@.....|
00003380  01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  46 00 00 00 01 00 15 00  |........F.......|
00003390  18 3e 40 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |.>@.............|
000033a0  6d 00 00 00 02 00 0f 00  30 11 40 00 00 00 00 00  |m.......0.@.....|
000033b0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  79 00 00 00 01 00 14 00  |........y.......|
000033c0  10 3e 40 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |.>@.............|
000033d0  98 00 00 00 04 00 f1 ff  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000033e0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  a6 00 00 00 01 00 19 00  |................|
000033f0  30 40 40 00 00 00 00 00  10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |0@@.............|
00003400  a2 00 00 00 01 00 1a 00  60 40 40 00 00 00 00 00  |........`@@.....|
00003410  00 a0 00 00 00 00 00 00  b2 00 00 00 01 00 11 00  |................|
00003420  10 20 40 00 00 00 00 00  10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |. @.............|
00003430  01 00 00 00 04 00 f1 ff  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00003440  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  bd 00 00 00 01 00 13 00  |................|
00003450  74 21 40 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |t!@.............|
00003460  00 00 00 00 04 00 f1 ff  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00003470  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  cb 00 00 00 00 00 14 00  |................|
00003480  18 3e 40 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |.>@.............|
00003490  dc 00 00 00 01 00 16 00  20 3e 40 00 00 00 00 00  |........ >@.....|
000034a0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  e5 00 00 00 00 00 14 00  |................|
000034b0  10 3e 40 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |.>@.............|
000034c0  f8 00 00 00 00 00 12 00  30 20 40 00 00 00 00 00  |........0 @.....|
000034d0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  0b 01 00 00 01 00 18 00  |................|
000034e0  00 40 40 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |.@@.............|
000034f0  21 01 00 00 12 00 0f 00  d0 11 40 00 00 00 00 00  |!.........@.....|
00003500  05 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  6b 01 00 00 20 00 19 00  |........k... ...|
00003510  20 40 40 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  | @@.............|
00003520  31 01 00 00 12 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |1...............|
00003530  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  43 01 00 00 10 00 19 00  |........C.......|
00003540  40 40 40 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |@@@.............|
00003550  2b 01 00 00 12 02 10 00  d8 11 40 00 00 00 00 00  |+.........@.....|
00003560  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  4a 01 00 00 12 00 00 00  |........J.......|
00003570  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00003580  69 01 00 00 10 00 19 00  20 40 40 00 00 00 00 00  |i....... @@.....|
00003590  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  76 01 00 00 20 00 00 00  |........v... ...|
000035a0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000035b0  85 01 00 00 11 02 19 00  28 40 40 00 00 00 00 00  |........(@@.....|
000035c0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  92 01 00 00 11 00 11 00  |................|
000035d0  00 20 40 00 00 00 00 00  04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |. @.............|
000035e0  a1 01 00 00 12 00 0f 00  60 11 40 00 00 00 00 00  |........`.@.....|
000035f0  65 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  d7 00 00 00 10 00 1a 00  |e...............|
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00003620  05 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  6f 01 00 00 12 00 0f 00  |........o.......|
00003630  50 10 40 00 00 00 00 00  2f 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |P.@...../.......|
00003640  c9 01 00 00 10 00 1a 00  40 40 40 00 00 00 00 00  |........@@@.....|
00003650  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  d5 01 00 00 12 00 0f 00  |................|
00003660  36 11 40 00 00 00 00 00  26 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |6.@.....&.......|
00003670  da 01 00 00 11 02 19 00  40 40 40 00 00 00 00 00  |........@@@.....|
00003680  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  ab 01 00 00 12 02 0c 00  |................|
00003690  00 10 40 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |..@.............|
000036a0  00 63 72 74 73 74 75 66  66 2e 63 00 64 65 72 65  |.crtstuff.c.dere|
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000036c0  00 5f 5f 64 6f 5f 67 6c  6f 62 61 6c 5f 64 74 6f  |.__do_global_dto|
000036d0  72 73 5f 61 75 78 00 63  6f 6d 70 6c 65 74 65 64  |rs_aux.completed|
000036e0  2e 38 30 36 30 00 5f 5f  64 6f 5f 67 6c 6f 62 61  |.8060.__do_globa|
000036f0  6c 5f 64 74 6f 72 73 5f  61 75 78 5f 66 69 6e 69  |l_dtors_aux_fini|
00003700  5f 61 72 72 61 79 5f 65  6e 74 72 79 00 66 72 61  |_array_entry.fra|
00003710  6d 65 5f 64 75 6d 6d 79  00 5f 5f 66 72 61 6d 65  |me_dummy.__frame|
00003720  5f 64 75 6d 6d 79 5f 69  6e 69 74 5f 61 72 72 61  |_dummy_init_arra|
00003730  79 5f 65 6e 74 72 79 00  65 6c 66 64 65 6d 6f 2e  |y_entry.elfdemo.|
00003740  63 00 72 61 77 5f 73 74  61 74 69 63 5f 64 61 74  |c.raw_static_dat|
00003750  61 00 63 6f 6e 73 74 5f  64 61 74 61 00 5f 5f 46  |a.const_data.__F|
00003760  52 41 4d 45 5f 45 4e 44  5f 5f 00 5f 5f 69 6e 69  |RAME_END__.__ini|
00003770  74 5f 61 72 72 61 79 5f  65 6e 64 00 5f 44 59 4e  |t_array_end._DYN|
00003780  41 4d 49 43 00 5f 5f 69  6e 69 74 5f 61 72 72 61  |AMIC.__init_arra|
00003790  79 5f 73 74 61 72 74 00  5f 5f 47 4e 55 5f 45 48  |y_start.__GNU_EH|
000037a0  5f 46 52 41 4d 45 5f 48  44 52 00 5f 47 4c 4f 42  |_FRAME_HDR._GLOB|
000037b0  41 4c 5f 4f 46 46 53 45  54 5f 54 41 42 4c 45 5f  |AL_OFFSET_TABLE_|
000037c0  00 5f 5f 6c 69 62 63 5f  63 73 75 5f 66 69 6e 69  |.__libc_csu_fini|
000037d0  00 70 75 74 73 40 40 47  4c 49 42 43 5f 32 2e 32  |.puts@@GLIBC_2.2|
000037e0  2e 35 00 5f 65 64 61 74  61 00 5f 5f 6c 69 62 63  |.5._edata.__libc|
000037f0  5f 73 74 61 72 74 5f 6d  61 69 6e 40 40 47 4c 49  |_start_main@@GLI|
00003800  42 43 5f 32 2e 32 2e 35  00 5f 5f 64 61 74 61 5f  |BC_2.2.5.__data_|
00003810  73 74 61 72 74 00 5f 5f  67 6d 6f 6e 5f 73 74 61  |start.__gmon_sta|
00003820  72 74 5f 5f 00 5f 5f 64  73 6f 5f 68 61 6e 64 6c  |rt__.__dso_handl|
00003830  65 00 5f 49 4f 5f 73 74  64 69 6e 5f 75 73 65 64  |e._IO_stdin_used|
00003840  00 5f 5f 6c 69 62 63 5f  63 73 75 5f 69 6e 69 74  |.__libc_csu_init|
00003850  00 5f 64 6c 5f 72 65 6c  6f 63 61 74 65 5f 73 74  |._dl_relocate_st|
00003860  61 74 69 63 5f 70 69 65  00 5f 5f 62 73 73 5f 73  |atic_pie.__bss_s|
00003870  74 61 72 74 00 6d 61 69  6e 00 5f 5f 54 4d 43 5f  |tart.main.__TMC_|
00003880  45 4e 44 5f 5f 00 00 2e  73 79 6d 74 61 62 00 2e  |END__...symtab..|
00003890  73 74 72 74 61 62 00 2e  73 68 73 74 72 74 61 62  |strtab..shstrtab|
000038a0  00 2e 69 6e 74 65 72 70  00 2e 6e 6f 74 65 2e 67  |..interp..note.g|
000038b0  6e 75 2e 70 72 6f 70 65  72 74 79 00 2e 6e 6f 74  |nu.property..not|
000038c0  65 2e 67 6e 75 2e 62 75  69 6c 64 2d 69 64 00 2e  |e.gnu.build-id..|
000038d0  6e 6f 74 65 2e 41 42 49  2d 74 61 67 00 2e 67 6e  |note.ABI-tag..gn|
000038e0  75 2e 68 61 73 68 00 2e  64 79 6e 73 79 6d 00 2e  |u.hash..dynsym..|
000038f0  64 79 6e 73 74 72 00 2e  67 6e 75 2e 76 65 72 73  |dynstr..gnu.vers|
00003900  69 6f 6e 00 2e 67 6e 75  2e 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e  |ion..gnu.version|
00003910  5f 72 00 2e 72 65 6c 61  2e 64 79 6e 00 2e 72 65  |_r..rela.dyn..re|
00003920  6c 61 2e 70 6c 74 00 2e  69 6e 69 74 00 2e 70 6c  |la.plt..init..pl|
00003930  74 2e 73 65 63 00 2e 74  65 78 74 00 2e 66 69 6e  |t.sec..text..fin|
00003940  69 00 2e 72 6f 64 61 74  61 00 2e 65 68 5f 66 72  |i..rodata..eh_fr|
00003950  61 6d 65 5f 68 64 72 00  2e 65 68 5f 66 72 61 6d  |ame_hdr..eh_fram|
00003960  65 00 2e 69 6e 69 74 5f  61 72 72 61 79 00 2e 66  |e..init_array..f|
00003970  69 6e 69 5f 61 72 72 61  79 00 2e 64 79 6e 61 6d  |ini_array..dynam|
00003980  69 63 00 2e 67 6f 74 00  2e 67 6f 74 2e 70 6c 74  |ic..got..got.plt|
00003990  00 2e 64 61 74 61 00 2e  62 73 73 00 2e 63 6f 6d  |..data..bss..com|
000039a0  6d 65 6e 74 00 00 00 00  
/* ------------ 节区头 1～31，64 * 31 = 1984 字节， 0x39a8～0x4168(结束)------------ */
                                   00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |ment............|
000039b0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
*
000039e0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  1b 00 00 00 01 00 00 00  |................|
000039f0  02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  18 03 40 00 00 00 00 00  |..........@.....|
00003a00  18 03 00 00 00 00 00 00  1c 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00003a10  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00003a20  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  23 00 00 00 07 00 00 00  |........#.......|
00003a30  02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  38 03 40 00 00 00 00 00  |........8.@.....|
00003a40  38 03 00 00 00 00 00 00  20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |8....... .......|
00003a50  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00003a60  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  36 00 00 00 07 00 00 00  |........6.......|
00003a70  02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  58 03 40 00 00 00 00 00  |........X.@.....|
00003a80  58 03 00 00 00 00 00 00  24 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |X.......$.......|
00003a90  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00003aa0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  49 00 00 00 07 00 00 00  |........I.......|
00003ab0  02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  7c 03 40 00 00 00 00 00  |........|.@.....|
00003ac0  7c 03 00 00 00 00 00 00  20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  ||....... .......|
00003ad0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00003ae0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  57 00 00 00 f6 ff ff 6f  |........W......o|
00003af0  02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  a0 03 40 00 00 00 00 00  |..........@.....|
00003b00  a0 03 00 00 00 00 00 00  1c 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00003b10  06 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00003b20  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  61 00 00 00 0b 00 00 00  |........a.......|
00003b30  02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  c0 03 40 00 00 00 00 00  |..........@.....|
00003b40  c0 03 00 00 00 00 00 00  60 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |........`.......|
00003b50  07 00 00 00 01 00 00 00  08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00003b60  18 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  69 00 00 00 03 00 00 00  |........i.......|
00003b70  02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  20 04 40 00 00 00 00 00  |........ .@.....|
00003b80  20 04 00 00 00 00 00 00  3d 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  | .......=.......|
00003b90  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00003ba0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  71 00 00 00 ff ff ff 6f  |........q......o|
00003bb0  02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  5e 04 40 00 00 00 00 00  |........^.@.....|
00003bc0  5e 04 00 00 00 00 00 00  08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |^...............|
00003bd0  06 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00003be0  02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  7e 00 00 00 fe ff ff 6f  |........~......o|
00003bf0  02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  68 04 40 00 00 00 00 00  |........h.@.....|
00003c00  68 04 00 00 00 00 00 00  20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |h....... .......|
00003c10  07 00 00 00 01 00 00 00  08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00003c20  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  8d 00 00 00 04 00 00 00  |................|
00003c30  02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  88 04 40 00 00 00 00 00  |..........@.....|
00003c40  88 04 00 00 00 00 00 00  30 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |........0.......|
00003c50  06 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00003c60  18 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  97 00 00 00 04 00 00 00  |................|
00003c70  42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  b8 04 40 00 00 00 00 00  |B.........@.....|
00003c80  b8 04 00 00 00 00 00 00  18 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00003c90  06 00 00 00 18 00 00 00  08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00003ca0  18 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  a1 00 00 00 01 00 00 00  |................|
00003cb0  06 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 10 40 00 00 00 00 00  |..........@.....|
00003cc0  00 10 00 00 00 00 00 00  1b 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00003cd0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00003ce0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  9c 00 00 00 01 00 00 00  |................|
00003cf0  06 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  20 10 40 00 00 00 00 00  |........ .@.....|
00003d00  20 10 00 00 00 00 00 00  20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  | ....... .......|
00003d10  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00003d20  10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  a7 00 00 00 01 00 00 00  |................|
00003d30  06 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  40 10 40 00 00 00 00 00  |........@.@.....|
00003d40  40 10 00 00 00 00 00 00  10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |@...............|
00003d50  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00003d60  10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  b0 00 00 00 01 00 00 00  |................|
00003d70  06 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  50 10 40 00 00 00 00 00  |........P.@.....|
00003d80  50 10 00 00 00 00 00 00  85 01 00 00 00 00 00 00  |P...............|
00003d90  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00003da0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  b6 00 00 00 01 00 00 00  |................|
00003db0  06 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  d8 11 40 00 00 00 00 00  |..........@.....|
00003dc0  d8 11 00 00 00 00 00 00  0d 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00003dd0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00003de0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  bc 00 00 00 01 00 00 00  |................|
00003df0  02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 20 40 00 00 00 00 00  |......... @.....|
00003e00  00 20 00 00 00 00 00 00  30 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |. ......0.......|
00003e10  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00003e20  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  c4 00 00 00 01 00 00 00  |................|
00003e30  02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  30 20 40 00 00 00 00 00  |........0 @.....|
00003e40  30 20 00 00 00 00 00 00  44 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |0 ......D.......|
00003e50  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00003e60  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  d2 00 00 00 01 00 00 00  |................|
00003e70  02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  78 20 40 00 00 00 00 00  |........x @.....|
00003e80  78 20 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00  |x ..............|
00003e90  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00003ea0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  dc 00 00 00 0e 00 00 00  |................|
00003eb0  03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  10 3e 40 00 00 00 00 00  |.........>@.....|
00003ec0  10 2e 00 00 00 00 00 00  08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00003ed0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00003ee0  08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  e8 00 00 00 0f 00 00 00  |................|
00003ef0  03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  18 3e 40 00 00 00 00 00  |.........>@.....|
00003f00  18 2e 00 00 00 00 00 00  08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00003f10  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00003f20  08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  f4 00 00 00 06 00 00 00  |................|
00003f30  03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  20 3e 40 00 00 00 00 00  |........ >@.....|
00003f40  20 2e 00 00 00 00 00 00  d0 01 00 00 00 00 00 00  | ...............|
00003f50  07 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00003f60  10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  fd 00 00 00 01 00 00 00  |................|
00003f70  03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  f0 3f 40 00 00 00 00 00  |.........?@.....|
00003f80  f0 2f 00 00 00 00 00 00  10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |./..............|
00003f90  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00003fa0  08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  02 01 00 00 01 00 00 00  |................|
00003fb0  03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 40 40 00 00 00 00 00  |.........@@.....|
00003fc0  00 30 00 00 00 00 00 00  20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |.0...... .......|
00003fd0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00003fe0  08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  0b 01 00 00 01 00 00 00  |................|
00003ff0  03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  20 40 40 00 00 00 00 00  |........ @@.....|
00004000  20 30 00 00 00 00 00 00  20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  | 0...... .......|
00004010  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00004020  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  11 01 00 00 08 00 00 00  |................|
00004030  03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  40 40 40 00 00 00 00 00  |........@@@.....|
00004040  40 30 00 00 00 00 00 00  20 a0 00 00 00 00 00 00  |@0...... .......|
00004050  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |........ .......|
00004060  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  16 01 00 00 01 00 00 00  |................|
00004070  30 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |0...............|
00004080  40 30 00 00 00 00 00 00  2a 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |@0......*.......|
00004090  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000040a0  01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  01 00 00 00 02 00 00 00  |................|
000040b0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000040c0  70 30 00 00 00 00 00 00  30 06 00 00 00 00 00 00  |p0......0.......|
000040d0  1d 00 00 00 30 00 00 00  08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |....0...........|
000040e0  18 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  09 00 00 00 03 00 00 00  |................|
000040f0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00004100  a0 36 00 00 00 00 00 00  e6 01 00 00 00 00 00 00  |.6..............|
00004110  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00004120  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  11 00 00 00 03 00 00 00  |................|
00004130  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00004140  86 38 00 00 00 00 00 00  1f 01 00 00 00 00 00 00  |.8..............|
00004150  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
*
00004168

影响程序静态布局的因素

认识了可执行文件的整体结构，我们继续讨论影响静态布局（节区布局）的因素。上面的 31 个节区中，有几个节区与源程序的关系非常密切，下面就详细说说这几个节区。

.text 节区

该节区存储了源文件编译生成的机器指令。对开发者来说，这可能是最重要的一个节区，所有的程序逻辑都放在这里。

但开发者对该节区能做的控制却很少，能影响它的因素只有开发者写的程序逻辑，以及编译时使用的选项。比如，使用 -O1 优化选项编译程序可以生成尽量紧凑的 .text 节区，而用 -O2 优化选项会使编译器倾向于生成执行速度更快的指令组合，但有可能让 .text 节区的体积轻微地增大。

.rodata 节区

该节区存储了程序中的常量数据，比如示例程序中的常量数组：

static char static_data[16] = "I'm Static Data";

以及 printf 语句中的常量字符串 Message In Main，有 objdump 的结果为证：

liyongjun@Box20:~/project/c/study/tmp$ objdump -s elfdemo.out 

elfdemo.out：     文件格式 elf64-x86-64
......         
Contents of section .rodata:
 402000 01000200 00000000 00000000 00000000  ................
 402010 49276d20 436f6e73 74204461 74610000  I'm Const Data..
 402020 4d657373 61676520 496e204d 61696e00  Message In Main.
......

通过 readelf -l elfdemo.out 可以看到，程序在运行时，.rodata 节区被加载到 04 段内，而该段的属性如 Flags 列所显示的，只有 R（读），而没有 W（写）权限，当程序试图修改该地址处的内容，会触发 Segment Violation 而令程序终止，由此实现对该节区内数据的保护。

但需要注意的是，只有静态和全局的 const 数据才能享受这样的待遇。在某函数内声明的局部只读变量，只能靠编译器的语义检查报告错误或警告，而不会通过设置存储区权限来防止修改。例如，某函数内的如下代码片段，会被编译器认为存在语法错误而编译失败：

const int const_value = 100;
const_value = 200;

但是，并不能阻止使用下面代码修改已经使用 const 修饰过的变量值：

const int const_value = 100;
int * ptr = (int *)&const_value;
*ptr = 200;

因为在函数内部声明的 const_value，本质上还是一个函数内的局部变量，存储区在该函数的栈帧内，而程序对该内存区拥有修改的权限。

相应地，用同样方法试图修改全局或静态常量数据的值，如下所示：

char * pc = (char *)const_data;
*pc = 'X';

编译器并不会报告任何错误，编译可以通过。但当程序运行到第二行代码时，就会因为 Segment Violation 而崩溃，原因在于程序对该位置的内存区没有修改权限。

.data 节区

全局已初始化变量、静态已初始化变量

该节区在运行时被加载到标号为 05 的段内，权限设置为 R（可读）和 W（可写）。

.bss 节区

该节区存储了所有未初始化或初始化为 0 的全局和静态变量。比如示例程序中的如下变量，就会被放入这个节区中

static char raw_static_data[40960];

仔细观察这个节区的信息，就会发现，虽然该节区的大小是 0xa020 字节，但它之后的 .comment 节区与该节区有相同的 offset 值，也就是说，.bss 节区在可执行文件中不占据任何空间，加载到内存区之后才会被分配内存。

再仔细观察程序头的信息，也可以进一步验证这个结果。在程序头信息中，.bss 在标号 05 的段中，而该段的 FileSiz 值为 0x230, MemSiz 值为 0xa250, 差值刚好是 .bss 节区的大小。

该节区设计的初衷就是为了节省目标文件的存储空间。变量未被初始化，或者虽然被初始化了，但值为 0，就没必要浪费空间，再在目标文件中存储大量的 0 值。

总结

.rodata: 全局 const 变量、字符串常量

.data：全局已初始化变量、静态已初始化变量

.bss: 未初始化 或 初始化为 0 的全局 和 静态 变量

参考

深入程序布局内部，增强应用控制能力

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