设计模式-迭代器模式

简介

提供一种方法顺序访问一个聚合对象中的各种元素，而又不暴露该对象的内部表示。

实际应用场景

将书（Book）放到书架（BookShelf）中，并将书名按顺序显示

UML

代码实现

/**
 * @author xiaoy
 * @since 2021-3-10 9:38
 */
public interface Container<E> {
    Iterator<E> iterator();
}

/**
 * @author xiaoy
 * @since 2021-3-10 9:22
 */
public interface Iterator<E> {

    boolean hasNext();

    E next();

}

/**
 * @author xiaoy
 * @since 2021-3-10 9:40
 */
public class BookShelf implements Container<Book> {

    private List<Book> books = new ArrayList<>();

    @Override
    public Iterator<Book> iterator() {
        return new BookShelfIterator(this);
    }

    public int getLength() {
        return books.size();
    }

    public Book getBookByIndex(int index) {
        return books.get(index);
    }

    public void addBook(Book book) {
        books.add(book);
    }
}

/**
 * @author xiaoy
 * @since 2021-3-10 9:43
 */
public class BookShelfIterator implements Iterator<Book> {

    int index;

    private BookShelf bookShelf;

    public BookShelfIterator(BookShelf bookShelf) {
        this.bookShelf = bookShelf;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean hasNext() {
        return index < bookShelf.getLength();
    }

    @Override
    public Book next() {
        return bookShelf.getBookByIndex(index++);
    }
}

/**
 * @author xiaoy
 * @since 2021-3-10 9:40
 */
public class Book {

    private String name;

    public Book(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public Book setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
        return this;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Book{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

/**
 * @author xiaoy
 * @since 2021-3-10 9:52
 */
public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BookShelf bookShelf = new BookShelf();
        bookShelf.addBook(new Book("JAVA"));
        bookShelf.addBook(new Book("C"));
        bookShelf.addBook(new Book("C++"));
        bookShelf.addBook(new Book("线性代数"));
        bookShelf.addBook(new Book("AI"));

        Iterator<Book> iterator = bookShelf.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            System.out.println(iterator.next());
        }
    }
}

测试